And this many apples.

還有這麼多蘋果。

If you opt for the donuts, you get a lot more calories.

如果你選擇甜甜圈，你會吃進更多卡路里。

But not all calories are created equal.

但並非所有的卡路里都是一樣的。

Apples contain fiber and vitamins while donuts are full of saturated fats and chemically processed ingredients.

蘋果含有纖維和維生素，甜甜圈則充滿了飽和脂肪和化學加工原料。

Even though apples are healthier for you, you have to eat more of them to get the same number of calories as one donut.

儘管蘋果對你的健康更有幫助，但你必須多吃一些才能得到與一個甜甜圈相同含量的卡路里。

And it would cost you about five more dollars, which means... the cost-effective choice is usually not the nutritionally-sound one.

這將多花費你五美元左右，這意味著... 基於成本效益做出的選擇通常會是較不營養的那個。

There's a strong relationship between diets that are low in fruits and vegetables and obesity and diabetes.

健康飲食與低卡水果蔬菜之間，以及肥胖與糖尿病之間都有著密切的關係。

These two chronic diseases now rank among the nation's gravest health concerns.

現在這兩種慢性疾病 (肥胖與糖尿病) 已成為美國最嚴重的健康問題之一。

Produce is essential for a healthy diet, but Americans aren't eating enough of it.

新鮮的農產品對於健康飲食至關重要，但美國人攝取量不足。

And part of the problem is cost.

部分原因就是成本。

So what can be done to add more produce to the American plate?

那麼有什麼方法可以讓美國人攝取更多的蔬果？

Fresh fruits and vegetables are often more expensive to farm than other types of crops that end up in processed foods.

農場生產新鮮蔬果的成本，往往高於生產其他可成為加工食品的農作物。

For example, fresh strawberries have to be picked by hand.

例如，新鮮的草莓必須手工採收。

But strawberries destined for preserves can be harvested by a machine.

但是用於蜜餞的草莓則可以用機器收割。

Bumps and bruises don't matter in the process, and machines are more efficient and cheaper in the long-run than human labor.

過程中即使發生碰撞和受傷也沒關係，從長遠來看，機器比人工更高效，更便宜。

This extra work is reflected in the price difference between fresh strawberries and other crops, and it also makes fresh strawberries more expensive to buy than processed strawberries Government subsidies also play a role in the cost difference.

手工採收也反映在新鮮草莓和其他作物的價格差異上，這也使得新鮮草莓比草莓加工品更貴，政府補貼也在成本差異上扮演了一定的角色。

For example, the USDA doesn't subsidize leafy vegetable crops in the same way it subsidizes wheat, soy, and corn.

例如，美國農業部不會以補貼小麥，大豆和玉米的方式，去補貼葉菜類作物。

These three crops make up a lot of processed food, so products full of high-fructose corn syrup and soybean oil have an unfair advantage.

這三種農作物製成了大量的加工食品，在競爭上，含高果糖玉米糖漿和大豆油的產品就會處於不公平的優勢。

When it comes to cost, the less nutritious food will win out.

當涉及到成本時，低營養價值的食品就會勝出。

Other incentives are needed to keep people away from cheap, processed foods.

想要人們遠離便宜的加工食品，就需要有其他的激勵措施。

Taxes on tobacco and alcohol have been effective at curbing consumption.

對煙草和酒精產品課稅，有效地抑制了它們的消費量。

This line shows the average price per pack of cigarettes over the past forty years.

這條線顯示了過去四十年中，每包菸的平均價格。

The rising prices are partly fueled by federal and state cigarette tax increases in 1983, throughout the early 2000's, and 2009.

香菸價格的漲勢，有部分與 1983 年一路到 2000 年和 2009 年，聯邦政府和州政府增加了菸稅有關。

Meanwhile, per capita cigarette consumption shown by this line has steadily decreased as prices have gone up.

同時，此條線顯示的人均香菸消費量也由於價格上漲而穩步下降。

And some researchers are arguing that what need to start thinking about a junk food tax.

研究人員正在爭論是否要開始課徵垃圾食品稅。

The tax would focus on non-essential food items like candy, soda and potato chips.

該稅將針對非民生必需的食品，如糖果、汽水和洋芋片。

These unhealthy foods would be taxed at the manufacturing level, and higher costs at checkout could steer customers toward healthier options.

這些不健康的食品將在製造階段課稅，在結帳時要付出的高成本可以將顧客導向去選擇比較健康的食品。

But a junk food tax alone won't fix obesity.

但僅僅徵收垃圾食品稅並不能解決肥胖問題。

Or the already high costs of a healthy diet… So what can be done?

或是說健康飲食的成本已經很高了... 那該怎麼做呢？

We could make produce sexy.

我們可以將農產品變得更吸引人。

Okay, well there are other things too.

好吧，不只農產品。

To address the cost issue, some programs are springing up that make produce more affordable for lower-income people, through subsidies.

為解決成本問題，有越來越多計畫出現，這些計畫透過補貼政策，使低收入大眾也買的起農產品。

And since 2014, the USDA has granted over $65 million to expand these programs throughout the US.

自 2014 年以來，美國農業部已經核准超過 6500 萬美元經費在全美推廣這些計劃。

There's also the Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program or FvRX.

還有「蔬果處方計劃」又叫做 FvRX。

Doctors can give vouchers for produce to low-income patients who are at high-risk of diet-related disease.

醫生提供蔬果兌換券給那些低收入，但患有飲食相關疾病的高危險群。

Growing produce in home or community gardens can encourage healthy eating with little investment, but finding time to cook, let alone garden, can be a burden for families.

在家庭或社區花園種植農產品，可以鼓勵健康飲食而不用花大錢，但花時間烹調，更別提種菜了，對普通家庭來說可能是一種負擔。

We don't yet know which strategies and programs are work best, but they're worth testing for one simple reason: if Americans ate a wider variety of fruits and vegetables, and more fruits and vegetables, we know they'd be a whole lot healthier.

我們還不知道哪種方案最好，但它們都值得一試，原因很簡單：如果美國人吃了更多種類的水果和蔬菜，更多的水果和蔬菜，會讓我們變得更健康。