am one of the two billion people on Earth who live in cities.

我和你們

And there are days -- I don't know about the rest of you --

很多人一樣是

but there are days when I palpably feel

20億城市人口中的一個

how much I rely on other people

肯定有一段時間我不在乎你們中的任何一人

for pretty much everything in my life.

但是又有時我可以很清楚的感覺到

And some days, that can even be a little scary.

我有多麼的依賴他人

But what I'm here to talk to you about today

幾乎是我生活中的每件事

is how that same interdependence

有時 我甚至對這種現狀感到可怕

is actually an extremely powerful social infrastructure

但是我今天想與你們分享的

that we can actually harness

就是這種社會基本結構（社會人）之間的

to help heal some of our deepest civic issues,

互相依賴所具有的強大力量

if we apply open-source collaboration.

假如我們之間有開放資源的合作

A couple of years ago,

大家是可以行動起來解決

I read an article by New York Times writer Michael Pollan,

一些社會最根本的問題的

in which he argued that growing even some of our own food

幾年前

is one of the best things that we can do for the environment.

我讀了紐約時報上邁克爾波輪寫的一篇文章

Now at the time that I was reading this,

在其中他論述到了 我們假如能夠自己為自己種點食物

it was the middle of the winter

這將是對環境

and I definitely did not have room for a lot of dirt

十分有好處的事情

in my New York City apartment.

當時我在讀那篇文章時

So I was basically just willing to settle

正是寒冬

for just reading the next Wired magazine

在我紐約的公寓中

and finding out how the experts were going to figure out

不可能有地方來種菜

how to solve all these problems for us in the future.

很自然的我勉強同意他的

But that was actually exactly the point

然後就去在連線(雜誌)

that Michael Pollan was making in this article --

上找找看專家們

it's precisely when we hand over

是如何為我們解決這些問題的

the responsibility for all these things to specialists

但是這種想法就是邁克爾波輪

that we cause the kind of messes that we see with the food system.

在文章中明確寫道的

So, I happen to know a little bit from my own work

當我們把本來屬於

about how NASA has been using hydroponics

自己的責任全部都交到了專家手裡

to explore growing food in space.

我們其實就在為我們的

And that you can actually get optimal nutritional yield

食品系統製造麻煩

by running a kind of high-quality liquid soil over plants' root systems.

那之後 我很碰巧的從我自己的工作中知道了

Now to a vegetable plant,

NASA使用水栽培

my apartment has got to be about as foreign as outer space.

在宇宙中種植植物的方法

But I can offer some natural light

並且你可以通過在植物根

and year-round climate control.

周圍包裹高質量的液態土壤

Fast-forward two years later:

來獲得最好的產量

we now have window farms,

對蔬菜植物而言

which are vertical, hydroponic platforms

我的公寓和

for food-growing indoors.

外太空對他們來說沒什麼區別

And the way it works is that there's a pump at the bottom,

但是起碼我可以提供自然光

which periodically sends this liquid nutrient solution up to the top,

和全年的氣候控制

which then trickles down through plants' root systems

快轉到兩年後

that are suspended in clay pellets --

我們現在有了 窗邊農場

so there's no dirt involved.

一種垂直式室內水栽培植物

Now light and temperature vary with each window's microclimate,

的平臺

so a window farm requires a farmer,

工作原理是在它的底部有一個泵

and she must decide

用於定期向上方輸送液態養料溶液

what kind of crops she is going to put in her window farm,

然後順著懸空在粘土小球中的

and whether she is going to feed her food organically.

植物根慢慢滴落

Back at the time,

所以不需要泥土的

a window farm was no more than a technically complex idea

在每一個窗戶的小氣候生態中

that was going to require a lot of testing.

陽光和氣溫是會變化的

And I really wanted it to be an open project,

所以窗邊農場

because hydroponics

是需要一個農工的

is one of the fastest growing areas of patenting

然後她來決定

in the United States right now,

在窗邊農場中放怎樣的種子

and could possibly become another area like Monsanto,

和是不是用有機肥料去培養

where we have a lot of corporate intellectual property

現在的窗邊農場應該

in the way of people's food.

算的上是一個技術比較複雜的想法

So I decided that, instead of creating a product,

是需要很多的測試的

what I was going to do

我真的很希望這可以成為一個大眾項目

was open this up to a whole bunch of codevelopers.

因為在美國近年來

The first few systems that we created, they kind of worked.

水養殖是幾個專利

We were actually able to grow about a salad a week

增長最快的領域之一

in a typical New York City apartment window.

很可能成為另一個

And we were able to grow cherry tomatoes

像孟山都一樣

and cucumbers, all kinds of stuff.

在食物方面形成很多

But the first few systems

企業知識產權

were these leaky, loud power-guzzlers

所以我並不像做出一個產品

that Martha Stewart would definitely never have approved.

我想的是把

(Laughter)

這個東西與所有的發展著一同共享

So to bring on more codevelopers,

這是我們創造的第一個系統 相當不錯

what we did was we created a social media site

我們能每星期在典型的紐約公寓的窗戶上

on which we published the designs,

種出一盤沙拉

we explained how they worked,

我們可以種小番茄

and we even went so far

和黃瓜等各種菜

as to point out everything that was wrong with these systems.

但是這第一個系統

And then we invited people all over the world

是會漏水 而且很吵費電

to build them and experiment with us.

那樣的東西瑪莎斯圖是肯定不喜歡的

So actually now on this website,

(笑)

we have 18,000 people.

爲了吸引更多的製造者

And we have window farms all over the world.

我們建立了一個網站

What we're doing is what NASA or a large corporation

在上面發佈我們設計

would call R&D, or research and development.

我們解釋他們是如何工作的

But what we call it is R&D-I-Y,

甚至還把

or "research and develop it yourself."

這些系統的各種漏洞都寫在了上面

(Laughter)

並且邀請全世界的人

So, for example, Jackson came along

與我們一同實驗來創造這個系統

and suggested that we use air pumps instead of water pumps.

現在這個網站大概有

It took building a whole bunch of systems to get it right,

18000人

but once we did, we were able to cut our carbon footprint nearly in half.

我們現在全世界都有了

Tony in Chicago has been taking on growing experiments,

窗邊農場

like lots of other window farmers,

我們現在做的

and he's been able to get his strawberries to fruit

是NASA和那些大公司

for nine months of the year in low-light conditions

稱為R＆D的或叫做研究與發展

by simply changing out the organic nutrients.

但是我們把它叫做R＆DIY

And window farmers in Finland have been customizing their window farms

或叫做研究與自己做

for the dark days of the Finnish winters

比如

by outfitting them with LED grow lights

一路走來的傑克森他建議

that they're now making open source and part of the project.

我們可以用氣泵代替水泵

So window farms have been evolving

這需要一系列的改造來實現

through a rapid versioning process similar to software.

只要成功了

And with every open source project,

我們就能減少一半左右的碳排放

the real benefit is the interplay

居住在芝加哥的托尼和許多其他的窗邊農工

between the specific concerns of people customizing their systems

一樣在進行生產實驗

for their own particular concerns,

然後他通過簡單改變養料

and the universal concerns.

成功達到了在一年中有九個月

So my core team and I

都能成功產出草莓

are able to concentrate on the improvements

接下來是在芬蘭的窗邊農工

that really benefit everyone.

通過加上led燈

And we're able to look out for the needs of newcomers.

已經成功的讓他們的窗邊農場

So for do-it-yourselfers,

適應了芬蘭冬天的黑暗

we provide free, very well-tested instructions

同時他們也把這作為了公開資源計劃的一部份

so that anyone, anywhere around the world,

通過像軟體一樣

can build one of these systems for free.

不斷的版本更新

And there's a patent pending on these systems as well

窗邊農場在不斷的改進

that's held by the community.

公開資源的好處就在於

And to fund the project,

互相的影響

we partner to create products

由當地人爲了

that we then sell to schools and to individuals

適應當地環境做出的

who don't have time to build their own systems.

特殊的想法

Now within our community, a certain culture has appeared.

與一般想法見的影響

In our culture, it is better to be a tester

通過這樣的好處我的核心小組

who supports someone else's idea

就能認識到

than it is to be just the idea guy.

怎樣的改進才能對大家都有好處

What we get out of this project is support for our own work,

同時也能為新參加的人員提供他們的需要

as well as an experience of actually contributing

對那些diy者

to the environmental movement

我們提供免費優質的指導

in a way other than just screwing in new light bulbs.

因此對於任何人在任何地方

But I think that Eleen expresses best

他們都能免費得建一個窗邊農場

what we really get out of this,

但是這些系統的專利也是會有的

which is the actual joy of collaboration.

是由整個社區的人們所共有的

So she expresses here what it's like

出於為項目注資的目的

to see someone halfway across the world

我們的合作者做了一些產品

having taken your idea, built upon it

賣給了那些沒有時間自己做的

and then acknowledging you for contributing.

學校和個人

If we really want to see the kind of wide consumer behavior change

現在在我們的社區內

that we're all talking about as environmentalists and food people,

一個很好的風氣已經形成了

maybe we just need to ditch the term "consumer"

在我們文化裡 我們認為成為一個

and get behind the people who are doing stuff.

實踐者去支持他人的想法

Open source projects tend to have a momentum of their own.

比僅僅成為一個倫理家要好的多

And what we're seeing is that R&D-I-Y

我們從這個項目中

has moved beyond just window farms and LEDs

得到是從我們自己工作中的自信

into solar panels and aquaponic systems.

和真真為環境做點事情的

And we're building upon innovations of generations who went before us.

體驗

And we're looking ahead at generations

而非僅僅是換換燈泡而已

who really need us to retool our lives now.

其實我感覺艾琳

So we ask that you join us

對我們從中得到了什麽說的最好

in rediscovering the value of citizens united,

那就是合作的純粹的快樂

and to declare that we are all still pioneers.

她說這種快樂就像是

(Applause)

在世界旅途的半路中