and your brain can be broken into two parts.

這是一個代表你大腦的圖像。

There's the left half, which is the logical side,

而你的大腦可以分成兩個部分。

and then the right half,

左半邊，這是掌控邏輯的一邊，

which is the intuitive.

然後是右半邊，

And so if we had a scale to measure the aptitude of each hemisphere,

它掌控直覺。

then we can plot our brain.

所以如果我們有一個尺度去衡量這兩邊，

And for example, this would be somebody who's completely logical.

那麼我們可以繪製我們的大腦。

This would be someone who's entirely intuitive.

譬如，這是一個完全靠邏輯的人的大腦。

So where would you put your brain on this scale?

這個人是完全直觀。

Some of us may have opted for one of these extremes,

那麼，你會把你的大腦放在這個尺上的哪裡？

but I think for most people in the audience,

有些人可能會選擇其中一個極端，

your brain is something like this --

但我認為，對大多數在台下的人，

with a high aptitude in both hemispheres at the same time.

你們的大腦是這樣的 --

It's not like they're mutually exclusive or anything.

兩個腦半球同時有著很高的潛力。

You can be logical and intuitive.

不是說它們會互相排斥或什麼的。

And so I consider myself one of these people,

你可以既理性又感性。

along with most of the other experimental quantum physicists,

我自認為是一個和很多

who need a good deal of logic

其他的量子物理學家一樣,

to string together these complex ideas.

有很好的邏輯思維

But at the same time, we need a good deal of intuition

能把這些複雜的想法串連起來。

to actually make the experiments work.

但同時，我們也需要很好的直覺

How do we develop this intuition? Well we like to play with stuff.

讓實驗能切實的進行下去。

So we go out and play with it, and then we see how it acts,

我們如何啟發這種直覺呢？嗯，我們喜歡研究東西。

and then we develop our intuition from there.

所以我們會去研究東西，然後我們會看它怎麼反應。

And really you do the same thing.

接著我們從中提升我們的直覺力。

So some intuition

實際上你也做同樣的事情。

that you may have developed over the years

所以有一些直覺，

is that one thing is only in one place at a time.

你可能培養了很多年，

I mean, it can sound weird to think about

像一個事物只能同時出現在一個方位。

one thing being in two different places at the same time,

我的意思是，這聽起來很奇怪去考慮

but you weren't born with this notion, you developed it.

一個事物可以同時出現在兩個不同的地方，

And I remember watching a kid playing on a car stop.

但是你不是天生就有這種概念，你是後天培養的。

He was just a toddler and he wasn't very good at it, and he kept falling over.

我記得看到過一個小孩在阻車器上玩。

But I bet playing with this car stop taught him a really valuable lesson,

他還只是個小朋友，而且非常不擅長玩這個，他一直摔倒。

and that's that large things don't let you get right past them,

但是我打賭跟阻車器玩耍給他上了很有價值的一課，

and that they stay in one place.

就是大型的物體不會輕易的讓你穿過，

And so this is a great conceptual model to have of the world,

而且它們停留在一個地方。

unless you're a particle physicist.

這是世上擁有的一個很具備概念性的模型，

It'd be a terrible model for a particle physicist,

除非你是粒子物理學家。

because they don't play with car stops,

對於粒子物理學家這會是一個很糟糕的模型，

they play with these little weird particles.

因為他們不研究阻車器，

And when they play with their particles,

他們研究那些很小的奇怪微粒。

they find they do all sorts of really weird things --

當他們研究這些微粒的時候，

like they can fly right through walls,

他們發現他們都在做各種很奇怪的事情--

or they can be in two different places at the same time.

比如他們能穿牆，

And so they wrote down all these observations,

或者他們能同時出現在兩個地方。

and they called it the theory of quantum mechanics.

他們寫下這些觀察記錄，

And so that's where physics was at a few years ago;

然後他們把它起名為量子力學理論。

you needed quantum mechanics

而幾年前的物理學就是這樣；

to describe little, tiny particles.

你需要量子​​力學

But you didn't need it

來描述細小，微小的粒子。

to describe the large, everyday objects around us.

但是你不需要

This didn't really sit well with my intuition,

它來描述那些巨大的、生活周遭的尋常物體。

and maybe it's just because I don't play with particles very often.

這並不是很符合我的直覺認知，

Well, I play with them sometimes,

也許只是因為我不太時常研究微粒的緣故吧。

but not very often.

我有時候也會玩這些，

And I've never seen them.

但不是常常。

I mean, nobody's ever seen a particle.

而且我從來沒有看過他們。

But it didn't sit well with my logical side either.

我的意思是，沒有人看過這些微粒。

Because if everything is made up of little particles

但這跟我的理性不大相符。

and all the little particles

因為如果所有東西都是由微小微粒組成的

follow quantum mechanics,

而且所有微粒

then shouldn't everything just follow quantum mechanics?

都遵守量子力學，

I don't see any reason why it shouldn't.

那不是所有東西都應該符合量子力學嗎？

And so I'd feel a lot better about the whole thing

我看不出為什麼不會。

if we could somehow show

所以我覺得

that an everyday object

如果能夠讓

also follows quantum mechanics.

周遭所有東西都遵守量子物理

So a few years ago, I set off to do just that.

會讓我覺得更好過一點。

So I made one.

所以在幾年前，我開始這麼做。

This is the first object

所以我製造了一個東西。

that you can see

這是第一個

that has been in a mechanical quantum superposition.

你可以看得見

So what we're looking at here

且可以表現得如量子力學解釋那樣。

is a tiny computer chip.

所以我們這裡看到的是

And you can sort of see this green dot right in the middle.

一個很小的電腦晶片。

And that's this piece of metal I'm going to be talking about in a minute.

而且你可以稍微看到這中間的綠點。

This is a photograph of the object.

那就是我接下來要講的金屬。

And here I'll zoom in a little bit. We're looking right there in the center.

這是這個物件的照片。

And then here's a really, really big close-up of the little piece of metal.

放大一些看。我們現在看到的是在正中間。

So what we're looking at is a little chunk of metal,

這是非常非常接近地看這塊小金屬。

and it's shaped like a diving board, and it's sticking out over a ledge.

所以我們看到的是這塊小金屬，

And so I made this thing

它的形狀像潛水板，而且它的周圍稍微凸出一些。

in nearly the same way as you make a computer chip.

我用製造電腦晶片幾乎一樣的手法

I went into a clean room with a fresh silicon wafer,

製作這個東西。

and then I just cranked away at all the big machines for about 100 hours.

我拿一個矽晶圓進到一個無塵室，

For the last stuff, I had to build my own machine --

然後跟那些機器工作了大約一百個小時。

to make this swimming pool-shaped hole

在最後的時候，我自己做了一個機器

underneath the device.

來製造下方這個

This device has the ability

游泳池形狀的洞。

to be in a quantum superposition,

這個器具

but it needs a little help to do it.

可以在量子的形態存在，

Here, let me give you an analogy.

但它需要經過一些加工。

You know how uncomfortable it is to be in a crowded elevator?

現在，讓我給你們一個比喻。

I mean, when I'm in an elevator all alone, I do all sorts of weird things,

像是在很擠的電梯裡會感到不適，

but then other people get on board

我的意思是，當我自己一個人在電梯時，我會做很多奇怪的事，

and I stop doing those things

但當有其它人進到電梯時，

because I don't want to bother them,

我停止做這些事，

or, frankly, scare them.

因為我不想要打擾他們，

So quantum mechanics says

或是說嚇壞他們。

that inanimate objects feel the same way.

所以量子力學說，

The fellow passengers for inanimate objects

無生命物體也這麼認為。

are not just people,

對無生命物體來說,

but it's also the light shining on it

乘客不只是人，

and the wind blowing past it and the heat of the room.

也包括了光源、

And so we knew, if we wanted to see

風和房間裡的熱。

this piece of metal behave quantum mechanically,

所以我們知道，如果我們想要看

we're going to have to kick out all the other passengers.

這塊金屬以量子力學的方式呈現，

And so that's what we did.

我們需要把所有乘客都趕出去。

We turned off the lights,

我們就是這麼做的。

and then we put it in a vacuum and sucked out all the air,

我們把燈關掉，

and then we cooled it down

然後用吸塵器把氣體吸掉，

to just a fraction of a degree above absolute zero.

然後讓它冷卻

Now, all alone in the elevator,

至比絕對零度高好幾分之一的溫度。

the little chunk of metal is free to act however it wanted.

現在，自己一個在電梯裡，

And so we measured its motion.

這個小金屬可以做任意的事。

We found it was moving in really weird ways.

所以我們量測它的活動。

Instead of just sitting perfectly still, it was vibrating,

我們發現它以奇怪的方式運動。

and the way it was vibrating was breathing something like this --

它沒有靜止不動，而是在震動。

like expanding and contracting bellows.

而且它震動的方式是有點像這樣的：

And by giving it a gentle nudge,

像是吸氣吐氣的風箱。

we were able to make it both vibrate

當我們給它一點能量，

and not vibrate

我們能夠使它同時震動

at the same time --

及不震動

something that's only allowed with quantum mechanics.

在同一時間 --

So what I'm telling you here is something truly fantastic.

這只有在量子物理中是被容許的。

What does it mean for one thing

所以我在這裡告訴大家的這是一件真的奇妙的事情。

to be both vibrating and not vibrating

一個東西

at the same time?

的同時在震動也不震動，

So let's think about the atoms.

這是什麼意思？

So in one case:

讓我們考慮一下原子。

all the trillions of atoms that make up that chunk of metal

舉例而言：

are sitting still

所有萬億個形成金屬片的原子

and at the same time those same atoms

正保持靜止狀態

are moving up and down.

然後在此同時，同樣的這些原子

Now it's only at precise times when they align.

正在上下移動。

The rest of the time they're delocalized.

只有在特定精確時間，它們是一致的。

That means that every atom

餘下的時間它們則是不定域的。

is in two different places at the same time,

這意味著每個原子

which in turn means the entire chunk of metal

在同一時間在兩個不同的地方，

is in two different places.

進一步說明整個金屬片

I think this is really cool.

在兩個位置。

(Laughter)

我認為這真的很酷。

Really.

（笑聲）

(Applause)

真的。

It was worth locking myself in a clean room to do this for all those years

（鼓掌）

because, check this out,

我這些年把自己鎖在無菌室所做的事都是值得的。

the difference in scale

因為，看看這個,

between a single atom and that chunk of metal

一個原子和一塊小金屬

is about the same as the difference

在尺度上的不同

between that chunk of metal and you.

就跟你和這塊小金屬的不同

So if a single atom can be in two different places at the same time,

差不多。

that chunk of metal can be in two different places,

所以如果一個原子可以同時在兩個地方，

then why not you?

那塊金屬可以同時在兩個地方，

I mean, this is just my logical side talking.

那為什麼你不能？

So imagine if you're in multiple places at the same time,

我的意思是，這只是我的合理推測。

what would that be like?

所以想像你可以同時在不同的地方，

How would your consciousness

那會是怎麼樣的呢？

handle your body being delocalized in space?

你的意識

There's one more part to the story.

能夠接受你同時在不同地方嗎？

It's when we warmed it up,

這個故事還有另一個部份。

and we turned on the lights and looked inside the box,

就是當我們給這個東西加熱，

we saw that the piece metal was still there in one piece.

且我們把燈打開來看這個盒子裡面，

And so I had to develop this new intuition,

我們看到那塊金屬還是在那裡的。

that it seems like all the objects in the elevator

所以我必須發展另一個直覺，

are really just quantum objects

就是看起來像是電梯裡所有的東西

just crammed into a tiny space.

都是量子物體，

You hear a lot of talk

只是放在一個狹小的空間裡。

about how quantum mechanics says that everything is all interconnected.

你們聽過很多說法

Well, that's not quite right.

說量子力學是在說每個東西都有交互作用。

It's more than that; it's deeper.

這並不是完全正確的；

It's that those connections,

應該說，是更深奧的。

your connections to all the things around you,

是這些交互作用，

literally define who you are,

你和你周圍東西的交互作用，

and that's the profound weirdness of quantum mechanics.

事實上定義著你。

Thank you.

而這正是量子力學奇怪的地方。

(Applause)

謝謝。