But I didn't start out obsessed with food.

我是艾倫，而我對於食物可說是相當著迷。

I started out obsessed with global security policy,

但我一開始並不是要研究食物，

because I lived in New York during 9/11 and it was a very relevant thing.

我一開始是著重在全球安全政策，

I got from global security policy to food

這是因為我在911期間住在紐約，而這很明顯地跟我的研究相當有關聯。

because I realized when I'm hungry, I'm really pissed off,

而我從全球安全政策轉而關注食物，

and I'm assuming the rest of the world is too.

因為我明白當我飢餓時，我會很惱怒，

Especially if you and your kids are hungry and your neighbor's kids are hungry

而我想全世界其他人也是如此。

and your whole neighborhood is hungry.

尤其是當你很餓，而且你的孩子也是的時候，

And actually, it looks like the areas of the world that are hungry

甚至你鄰居的孩子及整個社區的人都是在飢餓的狀態中，

are also the areas of the world that are pretty insecure.

這會讓你真的很憤怒。

So I took a job at the United Nations World Food Programme

事實上，狀況看起來像是，

as a way to try to address these security issues

世界上處於飢餓的區域

through food security issues.

同時也是不安全的區域。

There, I came across what I think is the most brilliant of their programs.

所以我接下了聯合國世界糧食計畫的一份工作，

It's called School Feeding and it's a really simple idea

試著透過糧食安全議題，

to get in the middle of the cycle of poverty and hunger

藉此來向大家強調這些安全議題。

that continues for a lot of people around the world, and stop it.

當我在做這份工作時，

A free school meal gets kids into school,

我注意到了聯合國做得最傑出的計畫。

which is education, the first step out of poverty,

這個計劃叫做學校餵養，而這真的是一個相當簡單的主意，

but it also gives them the micronutrients and the macronutrients they need

就是介入持續困擾著世界上許多人的二個問題--

to develop mentally and physically.

貧窮與飢餓，介入到這個循環中間，阻止惡性循環。

While I was working at the UN, I met this girl. Her name is Lauren Bush.

藉著供給孩童免費的學校餐點，可鼓勵孩子進入學校，

And she had this really awesome idea to sell the bag, called the "Feed Bag" --

而很明顯的，教育，是走出貧窮的第一步。

which is really beautifully ironic because you can strap on the Feed Bag.

這些餐點還可以供給孩子他們所需的各種營養素，

But each bag we'd sell would provide

讓孩子在心理與生理上有更健全的發展。

a year's worth of school meals for one kid.

當我在聯合國工作時，我遇見了這個女孩。她的名字叫做蘿倫. 布希。

It's so simple, and we thought, OK,

她提出了一個相當棒的想法，

it costs between 20 and 50 bucks to provide school feeding for a year.

就是販賣這個叫做"餵養袋"的袋子。

We could sell these bags and raise a ton of money and awareness

這個名稱相當諷刺，也很恰當，因為你真的可以把餵養袋掛在胸前。

for the World Food Programme.

我們所販賣的每一個袋子，

But at the UN, sometimes things move slowly

可以提供每個孩子一年的學校餐費。

and they basically said no.

這真的很簡單，而我們想，你知道的，

And we thought, this is such a good idea, it's going to raise so much money.

一年你只要花二十到五十元，

So we said screw it, we'll start our own company,

就可以提供一年的學校餐費。

which we did, three years ago.

我們可以販賣這些袋子並募得許多錢，

That was my first dream, to start this company called FEED,

還有讓更多人認識世界糧食計畫。

and here's a screenshot of our website.

但當然，你知道在聯合國，有時事情進展得相當緩慢，

We did a bag for Haiti just a month after the earthquake

基本上他們否決了這個計畫。

to provide school meals for kids in Haiti.

我們想，天啊! 這真的是非常棒的計畫而且可以募到相當多錢，

So FEED's doing great.

我們想管他的，我們就在三年前成立了自己的公司。

We've so far provided 55 million meals to kids around the world

成立FEED公司有點像是我的第一個夢想，

by selling now 550,000 bags, a ton of bags, a lot of bags.

這是我們網站的畫面。

All this time you're really --

我們為海地製作這個袋子，在大地震之後一個月開始販賣，

hunger is a hard thing to think about,

為海地的孩童提供學校餐點。

because what we think about is eating.

而FEED發展得相當好。到目前為止我們在全世界

I think about eating a lot and I really love it.

賣出了五十五萬五仟個餵養袋，

And the thing that's strange about international hunger

提供了約五千五百萬份學校餐點給各地的孩子。

and talking about international issues

當你想到飢餓時，

is that most people want to know:

這真的蠻難想像的，因為我們所想的都是食物。

"What are you doing for America's kids?"

我會想到食物，而我真的也很喜歡吃。

There's definitely hunger in America:

當人們提到全球性飢餓及相關議題時，

49 million people and almost 16.7 million children.

有一點很奇怪的是，

I mean that's pretty dramatic for our own country.

大部分的人多少都想知道你在美國做了些什麼？

Hunger definitely means something different in America

你為美國的孩子做了什麼?

than it does internationally,

在美國也絕對有飢餓存在著，

but it's incredibly important to address hunger in our own country.

將近有四千九百萬人，和接近一千六百七十萬個孩童在捱餓著，

But the bigger problem that we all know about is obesity,

這對我們國家來說真的很特別。

and it's dramatic.

美國的飢餓問題和全球其他地方的飢餓問題當然會有點不一樣，

The other thing that's dramatic

但在我們國家強調飢餓這個課題也是很重要的。

is that both hunger and obesity have really risen in the last 30 years.

而我們都很清楚，在美國更大的問題很明顯是肥胖，

Unfortunately, obesity's not only an American problem.

這真的很特別。

It's actually been spreading all around the world

還有另一件事也很特別，那就是飢餓與肥胖的數量，

and mainly through our kind of food systems that we're exporting.

在過去三十年都上升了。

The numbers are pretty crazy.

不幸的，肥胖不僅是美國的問題，

There's a billion people obese or overweight

這其實是全世界共有的問題，

and a billion people hungry.

而且主要是由我們所輸出的飲食習慣所造成的。

So those seem like two bifurcated problems,

這些數據真的很誇張。

but I kind of started to think about, you know,

有十億的人口是肥胖或過重的，

what is obesity and hunger?

但卻有十億的人口是吃不飽的。

What are both those things about?

這兩個看起來像是不一樣的問題，

Well, they're both about food.

但我開始重新思考，就像你們知道的，

And when you think about food,

何謂肥胖?何謂飢餓? 這兩者有什麼共同點?

the underpinning of food in both cases is potentially problematic agriculture.

好的，它們都是糧食問題。

And agriculture is where food comes from.

而當你想到糧食時，

Agriculture in America's very interesting.

飢餓與肥胖的糧食問題，

It's very consolidated

核心都指向有問題的農業。

and the foods that are produced lead to the foods that we eat.

而農業就是提供我們糧食的來源。

The foods that are produced are, more or less, corn, soy and wheat.

而在美國，農業是相當有趣的，

And that's three-quarters of the food that we're eating:

而且相當發達，

processed foods and fast foods.

農業生產出的糧食會變成我們所吃的食物。

Unfortunately, in our agricultural system,

目前生產的農產品，大多都是玉米，大豆還有小麥。

we haven't done a good job in the last three decades

如你所見，我們吃進去的食物裡，有四分之三

of exporting those technologies around the world.

都是加工食品，還有速食。

So African agriculture, which is the place of most hunger in the world,

不幸的，在我們的農業系統裡，

has actually fallen precipitously as hunger has risen.

過去的三十年都沒有扮演好應有的角色，

So somehow we're not making the connect

沒有將這些農業技術輸出到世界上的其他國家。

between exporting a good agricultural system

所以在非洲，世界上最鬧飢荒的地方，

that will help feed people all around the world.

農業其實是相當的落後，

Who is farming? That's what I was wondering.

而飢餓的現象也在惡化。

So I went and stood on a big grain bin in the Midwest,

但我們並不是想要談

and that really didn't help me understand farming,

輸出農業系統這件事，

but I think it's a really cool picture.

當然這會幫助餵飽世界上更多人。

And the reality is that between farmers in America --

我所疑惑的是，到底是誰在耕種呢?

who actually, quite frankly, when I spend time in the Midwest,

所以我去了中西部，站在一個巨大的穀物桶上。

are pretty large in general.

這其實並沒有幫我了解到農業，

And their farms are also large.

但我想我照了一張還蠻酷的照片。

But farmers in the rest of the world are actually quite skinny,

而大家都知道的，事實是，

and that's because they're starving.

當我在中西部

Most hungry people in the world are subsistence farmers.

和美國農夫相處時，

And most of those people are women --

我發現他們的塊頭都相當大，

which is a totally other topic that I won't get on right now,

而他們的農場也相當大。

but I'd love to do the feminist thing at some point.

但世界上其他地方的農夫

I think it's really interesting to look at agriculture from these two sides.

實際上是相當瘦的，這是因為他們都吃不飽。

There's this large, consolidated farming that's led to what we eat in America,

世界上大部分飢餓的人都是以農業為生的農夫，

and it's really been since around 1980, after the oil crisis,

而在這之中，大部分是女人，

when, you know -- mass consolidation,

這個話題雖然並不是我現在要討論的，

mass exodus of small farmers in this country.

但我也樂意為女性議題做些事。

And then in the same time period,

我認為從這兩方面來看農業發展，

we've kind of left Africa's farmers to do their own thing.

是相當有趣的一件事。

Unfortunately, what is farmed ends up as what we eat.

美國廣大且發展良好的農業，

And in America, a lot of what we eat has led to obesity

決定了我們美國人的飲食。

and has led to a real change

而這是從1980年開始的，

in sort of what our diet is, in the last 30 years.

大概是在石油危機之後，

It's crazy.

如同大家所知，那時候農業大量合併，

A fifth of kids under two drinks soda.

小型農場的農夫紛紛出走。

Hello! You don't put soda in bottles.

在這同時，

But people do, because it's so cheap,

我們的策略有點是讓非洲的農民們自生自滅。

and so our whole food system in the last 30 years has really shifted.

不幸的，耕作出的糧食就是我們所吃下肚的東西。

I mean, you know, it's not just in our own country,

而在美國，我們吃的許多食物，

but really we're exporting the system around the world,

導致人們肥胖，並且改變了

and when you look at the data of least developed countries --

我們過去三十年來的飲食習慣。

especially in cities, which are growing really rapidly --

這真的是很瘋狂。

people are eating American processed foods.

兩歲以下的兒童有五分之一都喝汽水，

And in one generation, they're going from hunger

拜託，沒人會把汽水放進奶瓶裡，

and all of the detrimental health effects of hunger

但大家都這樣做，因為汽水很便宜。

to obesity and things like diabetes and heart disease in one generation.

而我們整個的飲食習慣也在過去的三十年間

So the problematic food system is affecting both hunger and obesity.

做了很大的改變。

Not to beat a dead horse, but this is a global food system

我想，你們也知道，這不只發生在我們的國家，

where there's a billion people hungry and a billion people obese.

但我們的的確確是把這樣的習慣傳到世界各地。

I think that's the only way to look at it.

當你看看這些發展最落後國家的數據，

And instead of taking these two things

尤其是在城市中，人們食用美國加工食品的數據，

as bifurcated problems that are very separate,

成長得相當快。

it's really important to look at them as one system.

而在同一個世代中，

We get a lot of our food from all around the world

有些人處於飢餓狀態，

and people from all around the world are importing our food system,

還要承受飢餓所引起的健康問題，

so it's incredibly relevant to start a new way of looking at it.

有些人則過度肥胖，有糖尿病、

I've learned -- and the technology people here,

心臟病等問題。

which I'm totally not one of --

所以這種有問題的飲食習慣，

but apparently, it really takes 30 years

正同時產生出飢餓與肥胖這兩個問題。

for a lot of technologies to become really endemic to us,

我們並不是在老調重彈，

like the mouse and the Internet and Windows.

但這是一個全球性的飲食問題，

You know, there's 30-year cycles.

在這之中有十億人在捱餓，另外卻也有十億人過度肥胖。

I think 2010 can be a really interesting year

我想唯一解決問題的方法，

because it is the end of the 30-year cycle,

不是把這兩個問題

and it's the birthday of the global food system.

看成毫不相干的兩件事，

That's the first birthday I want to talk about.

而是把飢餓與肥胖看成是同一個問題。

If we really think that this is something that's happened in the last 30 years,

我們從世界各地取得許多食物，

there's hope in that.

同樣的，世界各地的人也向美國學習飲食習慣。

It's the 30th anniversary of GMO crops

所以，從新的角度看待這件事是相當重要的。

and the Big Gulp, Chicken McNuggets, high-fructose corn syrup,

而我學到的是，

the farm crisis in America

這裡有相當多的科技人士，我當然不在其內，

and the change in how we've addressed agriculture internationally.

但很明顯的，許多科學家

So there's a lot of reasons to take this 30-year time period

必須花上三十年才能做出市場上的流行商品，

as sort of the creation of this new food system.

像是滑鼠，網路還有微軟的Windows。

I'm not the only one who's obsessed with this whole 30-year thing.

你知道的，這是個三十年的循環。

The icons like Michael Pollan and Jamie Oliver in his TED Prize wish

我認為2010年會是相當有趣的一年，

both addressed this last three-decade time period

因為到2010年會是這一個三十年循環的結尾。

as incredibly relevant for food system change.

這是全球新世代飲食習慣的三十週年紀念日，

Well, I really care about 1980

我想要談談這第一個三十週年。

because it's also the 30th anniversary of me this year.

大家都知道，如果我們真的認為

And so in my lifetime,

這是過去三十年累積下來而產生的結果，那我們還有希望。

a lot of what's happened in the world --

這是基因作物、重量杯汽水、

and being a person obsessed with food --

麥克雞塊、高果糖玉米糖漿、美國農場危機、

a lot of this has really changed.

以及我們對全球農業

So my second dream is that I think we can look to the next 30 years

態度轉變的三十週年紀念日。

as a time to change the food system again.

所以將這個三十年的週期看做是

And we know what's happened in the past,

新飲食習慣的誕生，是很有道理的。

so if we start now and we look at technologies

我並不是唯一一個執著於這個三十年週期的人，

and improvements to the food system long-term,

代表人物像是麥克。保倫，

we might be able to recreate the food system

以及傑米。奧利佛，他在許下TED願望時，

so when I give my next talk and I'm 60 years old,

就曾指出，過去的三十年，

I'll be able to say that it's been a success.

是我們飲食習慣改變的重大時期。

So I'm announcing today the start of a new organization,

老實說，我也真的很在乎1980年，

or a new fund within the FEED Foundation, called the 30 Project.

因為今年剛好也是我三十歲生日。

And the 30 Project is really focused

而在我的生命中，

on these long-term ideas for food system change.

發生了許多事，

And I think by aligning international advocates that are addressing hunger

做為一個對食物有所執著的人，

and domestic advocates that are addressing obesity,

很多事真的都變得不一樣了。

we might actually look for long-term solutions

所以我的第二個夢想是，

that will make the food system better for everyone.

讓我們往下一個三十年看，

We all tend to think that these systems are quite different

並將其視為再一次改變飲食習慣的時機。

and people argue whether or not organic can feed the world,

我們知道過去所發生的一切，

but if we take a 30-year view, there's more hope in collaborative ideas.

如果我們從現在開始，正視飲食習慣的長期發展，

So I'm hoping that by connecting really disparate organizations

導入科技加以改善，

like the ONE campaign and Slow Food,

我們很有可能可以再創造出新的飲食習慣。

which don't seem right now to have much in common,

這樣一來，當我六十歲發表下一場演說時，

we can talk about holistic, long-term, systemic solutions

我就能夠說這真的是非常成功。

that will improve food for everyone.

所以我現在要來宣布一個新組織正式成立，

Some ideas I've had is like, look, the reality is --

這是在FEED基金會下的一個計畫，叫做30計畫。

kids in the South Bronx need apples and carrots

30計畫著重在

and so do kids in Botswana.

改變飲食習慣

And how are we going to get those kids those nutritious foods?

這個長期理念。

Another thing that's become incredibly global is production of meat and fish.

我想將國際對於飢餓的關注

Understanding how to produce protein

和國內對於肥胖議題的重視做結合，

in a way that's healthy for the environment

我們真的很有可能找到長期的解決方式，

and healthy for people

並找出有益於每個人的飲食習慣。

will be incredibly important to address things like climate change

我們都認為飲食習慣大相逕庭，

and how we use petrochemical fertilizers.

人們也質疑有機食物是否能夠餵飽全世界，

And, you know, these are really relevant topics

但如果我們從30年週期的角度看，

that are long-term and important

將這些議題綜合起來，會更有希望找到解決方案。

for both people in Africa who are small farmers

所以我希望藉由結合不同的組織團體，

and people in America who are farmers and eaters.

像是ONE運動以及慢食運動，

And I also think that thinking about processed foods in a new way,

這些組織現在似乎沒有太多共通處，

where we actually price the negative externalities

但我們可討論長期、整體性且有系統的解決方案，

like petrochemicals and like fertilizer runoff

來改善你我所吃的食物。

into the price of a bag of chips --

有些想法，像是我剛提的，

Well, if that bag of chips then becomes inherently more expensive than an apple,

在南布朗克斯的孩子需要蘋果與胡蘿蔔，

then maybe it's time for a different sense of personal responsibility in food choice

而在博茨瓦納的孩子也一樣。

because the choices are actually choices

那我們要如何讓這些孩子取得營養的食物呢?

instead of three-quarters of the products being made just from corn, soy and wheat.

另一個全球化的議題則是肉類與魚類的生產，

The 30Project.org is launched

瞭解如何生產出

and I've gathered a coalition of a few organizations to start.

能兼顧環境與人類健康的蛋白質，

And it'll be growing over the next few months.

將是很重要的事，因為這關係到氣候變遷、

But I really hope that you will all think of ways

以及我們如何使用石化肥料等議題。

that you can look long-term at things like the food system

大家都知道，這些都是息息相關的議題，

and make change.

長期來說，

(Applause)

對非洲的小農夫、美國農夫、