The United States has a problem with gun violence.

美國有槍械暴力的問題

BUSH: We hold the victims in our hearts.

BUSH：我們將受害者謹記在心

CLINTON: Perhaps we may never fully understand it.

CLINTON：「我們也許永遠無法了解。」

“A man with a semiautomatic weapon.”

(無線電)：「這裡有個拿半自動步槍的男子。」

We talk about it after mass shootings. But it's much larger, and more complicated than

我們在大規模槍擊案後討論槍械問題，不過這些遠比

those debates allow.

當下那些輿論更大、更複雜

Here's what you need to know about the state of gun violence in America.

這裡是你所需要知道的美國槍械暴力的情況

It's true that the US sees many more mass shootings than these other developed countries.

美國的大規模槍擊案數量比其他已開發國家高是事實

Between 2000 and 2014, there were 133 mass shootings in public, populated places. That's

2000 年到 2014 年間，有 133 件大型槍擊案在公眾場合發生

excluding gang violence and terrorism.

那還不包括幫派暴力跟恐怖主義在內

Of course, the US is a much larger country, but if you adjust for population size, it

當然，美國是個相對大的國家，但是如果以人口數來看

still ranks higher. Of these countries, Finland is next, with just 2 shootings over 14 years,

美國依然排名第一。在這些國家裡，14 年來發生兩起槍擊案的芬蘭是第二名

but a much, much smaller population.

但是人口數也比美國少許多

And this type of tragedy seems to be happening more often in the US. Each of these squares

這類的悲劇似乎在美國更頻繁發生。每個方塊

represents a public mass shooting with 4 or more fatalities. Before 2011, they happened

代表有四人或四人以上身亡的槍擊事故。 2011 年以前，

6 months apart on average, but since then, only 2 months go by between them.

平均六個月發生一起，但自此後，才兩個月就發生一件四人以上傷亡的槍擊事故

OBAMA: I hope and pray that I don't have to come out again during my tenure as president

OBAMA：我希望並祈禱在我任職總統期間不必

to offer my condolences to families in these circumstances.

再為這種情況下的受害家屬哀悼

That was October 1, 2015. And just about 2 months later.

那是在 2015 年 10 月 1 號。才過了兩個月

OBAMA: Yesterday, a tragedy occurred in San Bernardino. Our first order of business is

OBAMA：San Bernardino 昨天又發生一起悲劇

to send our thoughts and prayers to the families of those who've been killed.

我們首要任務就是要將我們的悼念之意和祈禱傳遞給這些受害者家屬

Public mass shootings get all the attention because they're often so indiscriminate,

公眾大規模槍擊案之所以被關注，是因為他們通常不分種族

but the truth is mass shootings are unlike most gun deaths in America.

但事實是大規模槍擊案不像美國其他的槍械死亡案

Here's how it breaks down:

槍枝在美國帶走性命的方式比例是這樣的

According to the most recent data, 92 people are killed with guns every day on average.

根據最新資訊，平均每天有 92 人被槍擊身亡

About 30 of those are homicides of which maybe 1.5 at most can be considered part of mass shootings.

約 30 個是他殺，其中最多 1.5 個可以歸為大規模槍擊案的結果

Most of those killed, 58 people a day, are suicides. The rest are accidental shootings,

多數被殺的人裡，一天有 58 個人是自殺

police actions, and undetermined incidents.

剩下的則是意外槍擊、警務行動、以及不特定的意外

Those suicides, they show up in international comparisons, too. These are the 10 countries

自殺的部分也出現在國際的排名比較上。這十個是

ranked highest on Human Development by the UN. The US has the highest suicide rate among them,

被聯合國排名為人權發展最高度的國家。美國在之中有最高的自殺率

and this darker bar shows how many of those are with guns.

深色長條表示出這些中有許多人是舉槍自盡的

Some people think suicide isn't really relevant to the gun issue.

有些人會想說自殺不一定跟槍枝議題相關

LOTT: To go and think some type of gun control regulations that are being talked about are

LOTT：槍枝管制時常被認為可以阻止一些人去自殺

going to stop somebody from committing suicide when there are so many other ways to commit suicide.

可是明明就有這麼多種自殺的方法

But the methods that people use are important because suicide attempts often stem from temporary

然而，那些人自殺的方式是關鍵

crisis. The vast majority of people who survive suicide attempts don't end up dying from

會試圖自殺通常是因為暫時的困難。絕大多數企圖自殺的人都會被救回

suicide. But guns make it nearly impossible to get that second chance.

而槍枝卻讓這些人沒有第二次機會

The victims of gun suicides are overwhelmingly men, and mostly white.

用槍自殺的大多是白人男性居多

And the rate of gun suicides has been increasing in the US.

而美國用槍自殺的比例不斷增加

At the same time, the rate of gun

同時，槍枝殺人案件

homicides has been decreasing, especially since the 90s when crime rates in general

則在減少，特別是在 90 年代後犯罪比例

were higher.

比較高

But if you compare the US to other developed countries, it doesn't look like good news.

但若是比較美國跟其他已開發國家，看起來則不是個好消息

These are homicides adjusted for population size. The US would probably have a higher

這些是按照人口數量做成的殺人比例。即使沒有槍枝

homicide rate even without guns,

美國殺人比例可能還是比較高

but you can see how gun violence pushes that rate far beyond the other countries here.

但是你能在這裡看到槍械暴力如何讓美國的比例遠高出其他國家

The victims of these shootings, they're not the ones you often see on the national

那些槍擊案的受害者，並不是你在新聞上常見的那種

news. They're disproportionately young black men.

有失平衡地，他們很多是年輕的黑人

SHUNDRA ROBINSON: You guys can leave here and go on with your lives, but we gotta go home

SHUNDRA ROBINSON：你們可以離開這並去過你們的生活，不過我們得回家

to empty rooms. Because our children's lives were taken away by people who should

去清空房間。就因為我們孩子的生命被那些

not have had guns anyway.

不該持有槍的人奪走

One possible explanation is that US simply has more crime than those other countries.

一個可能性的解釋是，美國的犯罪比其他國家多上許多

But if you set aside homicides for a moment and look rates of burglary, or assault, you

但是你如果撇開殺人不談，看看竊盜、毆打的比例，

don't see the same spike that you see with homicide.

你並不會看到如殺人一樣高的比例

It's not that America has much more crime. It's that crime in the US is much more lethal.

這代表不是美國有更多的犯罪。而是美國的犯罪比起他國更加致命

Altogether, the number of gun deaths in the US from 2000 to 2013 exceeds the number of

總歸來說，美國因槍致死的數量從 2000 年到 2013 年甚至超過

Americans killed by AIDS, by illegal drug overdoses, the Iraq and Afghanistan wars,

了因愛滋病、非法過量吸毒、伊拉克及阿富汗戰爭

and terrorism, combined.

及恐怖事件總和的數量

It should be clear by now that this level of gun violence is a uniquely American problem

現在可清楚得知這樣的槍械暴力是已開發國家中

among the developed world. And here's one reason why.

美國特有的問題。這裡有一個原因解釋為什麼

There are a ton of guns in the US. This chart shows the estimated number of guns by country.

在全美有超級多的槍枝。這個圖表顯示了每個國家的預估槍枝數量

It's adjusted for population size and it's still not even close.

儘管已經依照人口數量計算，他國跟美國完全不能比

OREGON SHOOTER'S FATHER: The question that I would like to ask is how on Earth could

OREGON SHOOTER’S FATHER：我想要問的問題是他 (槍擊犯) 究竟

he compile 13 guns? How can that happen?

為什麼能配有 13 枝槍？這是怎麼發生的？

If you take a look back at the 10 countries with the highest levels of human development,

若你回頭看那十個人權開發層次最高的國家

you can see that it's relatively really easy to get a gun in the US. All of the other

相比起來，你會看到在美國獲得一支槍相對容易許多。所有其他

countries require a license to purchase most guns and those purchases are recorded into

國家皆需要許可證才能買大部分的槍枝，而且會註冊在

an official registry. To get that license people have to state a reason for why they

官方記錄中。要拿到許可證的話，人們需要陳列買槍的理由

want a gun, and in most countries, they have to pass a safety test and are required by

在多數國家中，他們還得通過安全性查驗、並被法律要求

law to store their guns safely.

要安全存放槍枝

In part because of its lax laws, there are well over 300 million guns in the US and counting.

部分原因是由於美國寬鬆的法律，有超過三億以上的槍枝在美國境內

This chart doesn't reflect private sales but it shows the number of background checks,

這個圖表無從得知私下的槍枝買賣，不過它顯示了身家背景調查的數字

which all federally licensed dealers have to run. It suggests the demand for guns has

這項調查是被聯邦政府核可的經銷商都得遵循的。這個圖表也顯示出

been increasing steeply since Barack Obama took office.

在 Obama 上任後槍枝數量有大幅的增加

So we've looked at gun deaths and at gun ownership. This chart puts them together.

我們已經看了槍枝死亡跟槍枝所有的圖表。這個圖表將兩者放在一起比對

It shows that among highly developed countries, the more guns in a country, the more gun deaths.

它顯示出在高度開發國家中，國家有的槍枝越多、因槍枝致死的也越多

You can see that countries like Switzerland, which have relatively more guns than a country

你可以看到像是槍枝持有數量相對高的瑞士

like the Netherlands, also have a higher gun death rate. And here's the US.

比起荷蘭，也同樣有較高的槍枝死亡率。這邊是美國

Likewise, US states with more guns have more gun homicides. There are outliers like Idaho,

同樣地，美國槍枝持有率多，便有高的槍枝殺人率。這邊的異常值像是愛達荷州，

which has high rates of gun ownership but low rates of gun murders. But overall, there's

有著高槍枝持有率，槍枝殺人率卻低。不過總體而言，

a correlation between gun ownership and homicide rates, and that relationship has held up in

槍枝持有跟殺人比例間相連結，而這項連結已經在

studies that control for things like poverty, unemployment, and crime.

多項研究中顯示出會影響貧窮、失業跟犯罪

The correlation between gun ownership and gun deaths is even stronger for suicides.

槍枝持有跟因槍致死的關聯，在自殺這部分的連結性更強

It make sense. Depression with a gun is more dangerous than depression without one.

這很合理。有槍的憂鬱症患者會遠比沒有槍的更加危險

Likewise, fights, domestic disputes, road rage, drunkenness, all much more dangerous

同理而言，打架、家暴、道路糾紛跟酒醉

with a gun than without.

有槍枝參與都會使以上的狀況變得更危險

That said, you might need different policies to keep guns away from potential mass shooters

意思是，你們需要用不同的政策將槍枝遠離潛在的大規模槍擊手

than you'd need to keep them out of inner city gangs or out of the hands of someone

還有幫派人士，以及可能用槍

who might hurt themselves.

傷害自己的人

America doesn't have a gun problem, it has several of them.

美國不是只有一個槍械問題，而是好幾個