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  • What am I going to do today? Yeah, I have no -- hi. James from EngVid. You know what?

    我今天要做什麼呢? 我要…嗨我是詹姆士。 你知道嗎?

  • I'm not too sure what to do, so why don't we do something basic? It's not going to really

    我不確定要做什麼,那我們何不從基礎的開始呢?不是真的很簡單的那種

  • be basic, but I'll tell you what I want to do. I'm going to help you learn how to spell

    但告訴你我想做什麼,我想教你如何拼字

  • or use prefixes in English. What do I mean by that? The first thing I want to teach you

    或是使用前綴詞。 這是什麼意思呢? 首先,我要告訴你「什麼是前綴詞」

  • is what is a prefix and the six basic prefixes we start with. That should help you along

    和「六個基礎前綴詞」。這能幫助你

  • with your spelling and your reading. Let's go to the board.

    拼字和閱讀,我們看看白板吧。

  • Hey, what's up? So what is a prefix? That's the first thing we should look at. Well, "prefix",

    OK 嗎?所以「什麼是前綴詞」呢?首先你要知道

  • in itself, has a word, and it's "pre". And funny, it means "before". I've done a couple

    "prefix" 這個字本身有一個單字 "pre",意思是「之前」

  • lessons on this before -- a vocabulary pyramid, so please go check them out -- where I take

    我之前錄過幾部關於這個的影片,像是單字金字塔,可以去把他們找出來

  • some of these, and I make a bigger lesson on. So if you're okay with this and you want

    我有舉出一些今天要跟你們說的重點,然後作延伸,所以一旦你學會今天的課

  • more, go there, and then do the quiz when you're done. Cool. Anyway, so prefix goes

    想要學更多的話,去找影片,之後還可以做點測驗。總之

  • before a word. There are, basically, six basic ones. There are many. There are hundreds,

    前綴詞出現在字的前面,有六個最基本的。 前綴詞有很多,事實上可能有數百種

  • actually. But the ones I'm going to introduce today, you're going to see many, many, many

    但今天我要跟我們講的,出現的頻數非常高。

  • times. And when I'm done, I'm going to give you a little surprise up there. Something

    而當我講完後,我會給你們一點小驚喜

  • that I think will be interesting and surprising. So let's get started, shall we? Let's move

    跟你們說我認為驚奇有趣的事,那我們就開始吧,我們看白板

  • towards the board. So the first one I want to do means "to" and

    第一個我想要教的字有「給予」

  • "toward". You've seen it before, and it does change. What I should introduce also is that

    和「往…」 的意涵。 你看過這個前綴詞,他會改變字的意思。還有,

  • -- the fact that a prefix is what we call a "morpheme". A "morpheme" -- because "morph"

    前綴詞就是我們所說的「語素」,因為 "morph" 這個字

  • means "to change" and "pheme" -- it's the smallest unit of English, like, you know,

    就有「改變」的意思,而 "pheme" 是英文最小的單位

  • the number one. It's the smallest unit you can have that has a meaning. And that's what,

    就像數字 1,他是最小的有意義的單位

  • basically, prefixes are. They're small units, but they have a very distinct -- which means

    這就是前綴詞,他們是最小的單位,但他們非常不一樣

  • a certain or one -- meaning that's special, okay? So these are morphemes, and I'm going

    也就是說,他們的意思都很特別,OK 嗎?這就是語素了

  • to do the first one. The first one is "to" and "toward". What would it be? Well, it means,

    現在我要講第一個前綴詞,他有 「給予」和「往…」 的意涵,是什麼呢?

  • in this case -- if I put it here, it means "next to", and if I put it here, it means

    如果我把他放在上面這邊,就是「旁邊」的意思,而如果我放在下面這邊

  • "give to". You've seen it before, and I'm going to put it up here: "ad". Well, think

    就是「給予」的意思,你之前有看個這個詞,我要把這邊加上 "ad"

  • about it: One plus one, you move the numbers together, and you get two. Move them together

    想看看,一加一,你把這兩個數字加起來,就得到二,把他加起來

  • -- two. That's when we "add" things. Well, funny, that's what it also means as a morpheme.

    就得到二,這就是「加」的意思,有趣的是," add" 的語素 "ad" 也是這個意思

  • When we put it here, and we put "adjoin": It means "together" or "next to". When you

    當我們放在這個,我們得到 "adjoin" 這個字,中文解釋作「一起」或「鄰接的」

  • say, "I have -- my bathroom adjoins the living room", it is "next to". They're "toward" or

    當你說「我家的浴室在客廳旁邊」,這就是「鄰接」的意思。 他們有 「往…」

  • "to"; together. What is this one? Well, you already know I'm going to put "ad" here, right?

    跟「給予」的意思,而這個呢?你已經知道我們要放 "ad" 在這裡的,對吧?

  • So let's just add it. I keep saying that, "ad", "add", right? Go towards the next thing.

    所以我們就直接加吧,我總是說 "ad" 有「加」的意思對吧?我們直接進到下一個單字

  • "Administer". When you "administer" something -- your doctor does this. You go; he administers

    "Administer" 當你「給予」某物…當你去看醫生的時候,他就會這麼做

  • a drug or an injection. It means to give to you. And there's the "to" part. Or "We will

    他開「給予」你處方籤或是打針,有給予的意思,在英文裡面有 "to" 的意思

  • administer punishment if you do not do the quiz properly at EngVid." All right? We'll

    又如果你考不好的話我們會處罰你,OK 嗎?

  • "give" you punishment -- "administer". All right? So let's go to the next one. I love

    我們會「給予」你處罰,這就是 administer 的意思,OK 嗎? 我們看下一個

  • saying "right". Because it's correct. "With" and together". Some of these look familiar.

    我好像很喜歡說「OK 嗎?」但這好像也沒有不妥。 「一起」和「共同」,有些滿像的

  • I know "unity" and "promise". Unity and Ivo -- that's the -- no. That's "Ebony and Ivory".

    我知道「統一」和「約定」Unity and Ivo... 不對,應該是 Ebony and Ivory (保羅麥卡尼的歌)

  • "Ebony". Anyway. Let's go here. But it means "with" and "together". So what could this

    Ebony 這個單字…算了,我們回到課程,中文意思是「一起」和「共同」的前綴詞是什麼呢?

  • possibly be? I don't know. How about "com"? "Com" means "with" or "together". And when

    我不知道,或許來個 "com" 如何? "com" 表示「一起」和「共同」

  • we put it here -- I made a small joke about "unity", "Ebony", and "Ivory" because I said

    而當我們把他放在這裡時…我剛剛說了個關於 "unity", "Ebony" 和 "Ivory" 的笑話是因為

  • "living together in perfect harmony" if you see that song. "Unity": They live as one.

    歌詞裡面有一句是「和諧共處於同個屋簷下」。"Unity" 解釋作「相處為一體」

  • And then it's "community" -- living as one. One group of people together as one. Now,

    "community" 則是「相處為一群」,是由很多人組成的群體,而現在

  • what about "compromise"? "Compromise" -- have you ever heard that word before? I hope not,

    "compromise: 是什麼意思呢?你有聽過這個字嗎?我希望沒有

  • or you need a new English teacher. It's "compromise". This changes when you put the "com" in front.

    不然你可能會把我這個老師換掉,當 "com" 當前綴詞時意思會改變

  • I don't make the rules. I'm just here to administer them. You like that? I like it, too. Okay.

    這不是我訂的規則,我只是「給予」你這個知識,不錯吧?我用了剛才教的字

  • So when you make a "compromise", you promise together. It means two people want different

    所以當你說你們「妥協」了,代表你們雙方「共同」做了「約定」,雖然兩方想要不同的東西

  • things, but you say, "Look. You can't have everything, and I can't have everything, so

    但你們說「聽著,你不能全拿,而我也不能,

  • why don't we promise to give each other a little bit of this, a little bit of that?"

    我們何不彼此答應對方會各退一步呢?」

  • So we meet halfway. We come together and halfway, right? With a promise, we come and compromise

    所以我們達成共識,我們互相退讓,對吧?有了約定,我們妥協

  • -- halfway, meet each other. "Co" -- you might even say "copromise". So you promise, I promise,

    你可能會將這個字拆開來,拆成 "co" 和 "promise" 發音,所以你答應了,我也答應了

  • we'll make a compromise. You work; I work; we'll get better. Okay, so "co" -- copromise.

    我們就會有所妥協,你履行承諾,而我也是,我們就會更好,所以 "co"

  • Don't say "copromise". Please don't. Compromise. And if you say "copromise" say you learned

    別拆成 "co" 和 "promise" 發音,拜託不要,他要併在一起唸,如果你在哪裡聽到這樣發音

  • it from some other teacher, not James. I guess there's some girl out there who's teaching

    一定是別的老師教你的,絕對不是我,我相信一定有人誤導你,

  • English you can blame it on. Okay, so "promise together".

    要去怪他哦,好,所以是「共同達成協議」的意思

  • Mr. E, we've done (1) and (2). What's next? Well, let's go here: "vious". Okay. We have

    老師,我們學完兩個了,接下來呢?好,我們繼續,這裡出現 "vious"

  • one here that means "against" and "toward". That's interesting. "Against" and "toward":

    這邊的字代表 「反對」和「往…」,有趣的是

  • They seem opposites. And that's what this one, basically, means, "ob". When we look

    這兩個字看似相反,但這也就是前綴詞 "ob" 的功用

  • at here, and we look at this word, "obvious", "obvious", it means "toward easy to see".

    當我們看這個, "obvious" 這個字,中文解釋做「往容易看見的的方向發展」

  • When something is "obvious", you can easily see it, or you're moving to make it obvious

    當某事很「明顯」,你就很容易看見,又或是你改變位置

  • so you can easily see it. One I didn't put here is "oblong" because we talk about sides

    所以你會容易看見他。有個我沒有放在這裡的單字是 "oblong" 因為我們在討論前綴詞

  • -- but that's another lesson -- and why we have "toward". But here's another one. "Noxious".

    但它屬於另一個課程,但這裡是要說「往…」的前綴詞。這裡有另一個字 "Noxious"

  • "Noxious" is actually a word which means to make you sick. If something is "noxious"...

    "Noxious" 的中文翻譯作「有毒的」,如果某件物品有毒,

  • or "nauseous". "Nauseous". So when we have "obnoxious", it means "toward making me sick"

    或是他又可以寫作 "nauseous",所以當我們「厭惡」某事物,代表這事物「往讓我們厭惡的地方

  • or "not happy". "That's very obnoxious. What you said was obnoxious. I don't like it. It

    或不開心的地方法展」「好噁心阿,你所說的令人厭惡,我不喜歡

  • almost makes me want to be sick." Sorry about that -- eggs for breakfast.

    他甚至讓我想吐」,抱歉我早餐吃了蛋

  • Next, we're going to do this one, and that's "sub" -- damn it. I almost gave it away. But

    接下來,我們要講這一個前綴詞 "sub" ,糟糕,我差點就要說出來了

  • you don't know unless you're very smart, and you looked here, but I'm covering that. Next

    但除非你真的很聰明,不然你不會知道的,或是你看了這邊,但我已經蓋起來囉

  • one, we've got "servient". And it's not a "serviette". You know, you go to the -- they

    下一個的意思是「從屬的」,不是餐巾 (serviette) 哦!當你去一些地方的時候

  • give you one of these, a "serviette" -- no. Not a "serviette". But it means "under". Now,

    他們會給你這個,餐巾,但這個單字不是餐巾,我們要有「在…之下」的意思

  • if you look here it should be easy for you. It should be obvious. See? And I'm not trying

    如果你看這邊應該就可以了,這應該很「明顯」,看吧,我不是要惹人厭

  • to be obnoxious. I'm just trying to administer the lesson in a way for you to learn. It's

    我只是要用一些方法教「給予」你這些知識

  • "sub". "Sub" means "under" or "lower" in English or -- actually, it's a Latin root, so "under".

    前綴詞 "sub" 中文解釋做「在…之下」或是「低於…」,事實上,他是源自拉丁文

  • So when we put here "sub", and we put "subservient", this is interesting. I know it's small, so

    所以當我們把 "sub" 放在 "servient" 前,很有趣的事情出現了,字很小

  • work with me here. It means, "Somebody knows their position is lower or under others, and

    我們更要看仔細,"subservient" 就代表「某人的地位比其他人低,他們卑躬屈膝」

  • they act like it." So -- sorry. It has "acts like it", "and they act like it". So basically,

    抱歉口誤了, it 後面的動詞要加 s ,they 後面的動詞不用,所以基本上

  • you have someone who acts like, "Yes, sir. No, sir. Three bags full sir. I'll do, yes,

    這些人可能會說「是的長官」「不是的長官」「裝滿三袋了長官」「我會的長官」

  • yes, yes." You're "subservient" -- under us, serves under us. Cool? And "subway". Well,

    「是的是的」這就是 "subservient" 的意思,地位低於我們,在我們下面做事,很酷吧,而 "subway" 這個字呢

  • if you're from -- if you're from New York or Toronto, they have a subway. That means

    如果你來自紐約或是多倫多,這些城市就有「地鐵」

  • they travel under the ground. Cool? Let's go over here.

    這表示人們能在地「底下」活動,很酷吧?我們接下去看

  • So we've got "subservient". We've got "subway". What else could we possibly have? A bunch.

    所以我們學到了 "subservient" 和 "subway" 兩個子,我們還有什麼前綴詞呢?

  • Because, again, we have "with" or "together"? Twice? It's not my fault. These are the basic

    因為已經出現了兩次「一起」和「共同」的意思,這不是我的錯,這就是六個最基本的前綴詞

  • six. I'm just telling you because if you look in the dictionary, you'll see pages and pages

    我把他們放到這個課程,因為如果你查字典,你會發現他們佔了很多篇幅

  • starting with this. All right? So "together" and "with" would be here. Let's put it up

    從這邊開始,OK 嗎?所以「一起」和「共同」應該要放在這裡,我們就把他填上去

  • here -- "syn". You've seen this. I'm going to make one small change. You may not say,

    "syn" 你一定看過這個前綴詞,現在我要做點小改變,你可能會說

  • "James, this isn't 'syn'. You put 'syn' and then you use something else. This is wrong."

    「詹姆士,你說這裡要放 "syn",但你卻放別的字,是不是寫錯了」

  • Sometimes "syn" becomes "sym". Sometimes this -- it looks like this. But it's the same meaning.

    有時候 "syn" 這個前綴詞會變成 "sym",有時候會有這個情形,但他的意思不變

  • They're similar, right? In this case, "sympathy". When somebody has "sympathy", they have something

    他們是同意的,OK 嗎?這樣的話會變成 "sympathy",當某人有「同情心」

  • with emotion, right? They have sympathy for you. They have emotions with you or together

    他們會對某事有感情,對吧?他們「同情」你,因為他們對你有感情,或是和你共享這份情緒

  • with you. They share them with you or together with you -- "sympathy for your children",

    他們對你或是和你共享情緒,「同情你的小朋友」

  • "sympathy for the planet or other people". I feel as you do. And here's one. I put this

    「同情地球或其他人」,我能夠了解你的處境,下一個

  • one because you're studying English. And when you're studying English, you have to learn

    我放這個字是因為你在學英文,學英文的人一定要知道這個字

  • this one. And I'm coming right back to "syntax". This isn't a tax for being a bad person, no.

    那就是 "syntax" 這個字不是指當壞人的壓力

  • "Syntax" is how words work together. You can put the verb and the subject and the object

    "Syntax" 是字根字組成的用法,你可能可以自由變換主詞、動詞、受詞在句子裡的位置

  • in different places, but in English, there's a syntax -- there's a way that the words must

    但在英文,我們有「語法」,字有一定的擺放方式

  • go. You have to write them this way. So your teachers will go, "You have great writing,

    你一定要遵照這個規則,所以老師可能會說「你寫的不錯,

  • but the syntax is off." They're saying your words don't work well together for the way

    但沒有照著語法走」,他們指的是你的字沒有遵照

  • the English rules work. And that's "syntax", "together" and "with".

    英文的規則,所以前綴詞 "syntax" 就有「一起」和「共同」的意思

  • Now, I missed something, so this lesson isn't quite sufficient, or it's not -- you might

    現在,我好像漏掉了什麼,所以這堂課還不夠完整,你可能還會說別的

  • say something else. It's not quite finished. And what would that be? Good. Because it's

    這堂課還沒結束,那最後一個前綴詞是什麼呢?非常好

  • going to help me with the final one I want to do, and it's this one: "in". Very popular

    因為這個字能讓我揭曉最後的驚喜,這個前綴詞就是 "in",很常用的字

  • word, and it's "in" these days. When we say something is "in" these days, it means it's

    特別是「在」最近,當 "in" 當介係詞時,他可能代表一種

  • "in fashion" or style. So "in", funny enough, means "not". It's the opposite, "not". And

    潮流或是風格,所以有趣的是,他代表「否定」,相反的意思

  • "in" means "into", "to enter". So if you use here -- which is what's happening right now.

    而 "in" 當介係詞時,他指的是「在…」或「進入」,所以如果你用在這,他就代表現在正在發生的事

  • "Sufficient" means "enough". If you speak Spanish, "sufficiente". I don't speak Spanish.

    "sufficient" 的中文解釋作「足夠」,如果你說西班牙文,雖然我不會說西班牙文

  • I wish I did. I'm learning it, though. But if you say that, "It's not enough. I don't

    希望我可以,我正在學,但如果你要說「還不夠

  • have enough time" -- "insufficient". Let me just finish off this. It's "insufficient",

    我沒有足夠的時間」,"insufficient" 就是「不足」的意思,讓我把它寫上

  • "not enough". "Insufficient time. I'm running out. I have to hurry." And the last one is,

    "insufficient" 表示「不足」,「時間不夠了,我必須快點」而最後一個字是

  • "incapable". "Capable" comes from "capacity" or "ability". So we put "no ability" -- "ability",

    "incapable" "capable" 這個字源自於 "capacity" 和 "ability" 兩個字,中文解釋做「沒有能力」

  • there we go. Someone has no ability to do something. See? I was incapable of finishing

    我們用在當「某人沒有能力做某事」的時候,就好像五秒鐘前我沒有辦法上完課一樣

  • the lesson until five seconds ago, and that's when I wrote "inability". "Incapable" and

    直到我寫了 "inability" 才告一個段落,「不能」

  • "insufficient" -- it wasn't sufficient because I missed one. I gave you five, not six. And

    和「不足」,當我只教你五個前綴詞而不是六個,我的課程就還「不足」

  • "incapable" -- wasn't finished. This is bad. That's why the worm works here, to keep me

    所以我又提到了「不能」這個單字,沒上完就糟了,這就是為什麼我畫了隻蟲在這

  • on top of my job. Anyway. I wrote all of this, and I told you these

    去提醒我要上的課,總之,我寫了這麼多,告訴你們這些單字

  • are the six basic ones. There are many more, and some of these have been done in a bigger

    和六個基本的前綴詞。絕對還有更多,你可以在我們的頻道看到更進階的課程

  • lesson on EngVid, so please go check those out, and once again, do the quiz. But notice

    請務必去找他們,然後再次重申,要做測驗,但要注意的是

  • I did this one last. I really did do it for a reason, and you're going to find out. Do

    我最後才說前綴詞 "in" 是有原因的,你之後就會知道

  • you know that only four prefixes make up -- take a guess. Do you think 20 percent? 30 percent?

    猜猜看,這四種前綴詞的使用頻率多高?百分之二十?百分之三十?

  • 40 percent? 50 percent? Keep on going. What was that, Mr. E? That's right. 97 percent

    百分之四十?還是百分之五十?繼續猜,到底是多少啊老師?你答對了,百分之九十七

  • of most of the prefixes out there -- surprised? I know you are. And do you know it's this

    的機率會使用到這些,我知道很驚人,更厲害的是

  • one that's included in the list of four? These four are used 97 percent. And the best part

    包含 "in" 的這四個前綴詞,有百分之九十七的機率會使用到,更棒的事

  • is they're mostly negative. It makes my language a very negative language. I don't think that's

    他們幾乎都有否定的意涵,他讓英文變得很負面,我不認為這是對的

  • right. I think that's not fair, but "in", "dis", and "un" usually mean "no" or "not".

    我認為這很不公平,但前綴詞 "in" "dis" 和 "us" 通常有「不」或「否」的意涵

  • Anyway. A quick review because we've got to go, all right? So "ad" means "to" or "toward",

    總之,我們快速地複習我們今天所學的,前綴詞 "ad" 表示「給予」和「往…」

  • all right? "Com" means "with" or "together". "Ob" means "against" or "toward". I know.

    "com" 則代表「一起」和「共同」,"ob" 表示「反對」和「往…」我知道很複雜

  • I don't make the rules. I'm just telling you. "In" means "not" or "into". "Sub" means "under".

    但我不是制定這規則的人,我只是告訴你,"in" 代表「不」或「進入…」,"sub" 有「在…之下」的意思

  • And "syn", which sometimes looks like "sym", can be "with" or "together". Cool? You like

    而有時候會變成"sym" 的 "syn" 表示「一起」和「共同」,都會了嗎?

  • that? I do. These are the basic six. Don't forget. These

    喜歡這堂課嗎?我自己滿喜歡的,這就是六個基本的前綴詞,要記起來哦

  • negative four are terrible, but I want you to have a good day. Mr. E and I are on our

    雖然上面這四個很負面,但我希望你們都有愉快的一天,老師我們要去搭

  • way -- subway. Cool, right? Not trying to be subservient here, but I've got to do the

    「地下鐵」了,你看我們用到剛剛學的字了,不是要「卑躬屈膝」的

  • promo. Here we go. So I need you to go to www.engvid.com, where "eng" stands for "English"

    只是想要打廣告一下,來吧,我需要你們上我們的官網,網址的 "eng" 就是「英文」的縮寫

  • and where "vid" stands for "video", where you'll see me and Mr. E. We'd like to teach

    而 "vid" 就是「影片」的縮寫,在官網裡面,你會看到老師我們的影片,我們希望教你們

  • you some more, all right? Don't forget your prefixes. Next, we'll do suffixes. Sufficiente.

    更多英文,別忘了這些前綴詞,之後,我們會推出「後綴詞」 "sufficiente"

  • That's not Spanish, it's just me.

    這才不是西班牙文的唸法,是我發明的

What am I going to do today? Yeah, I have no -- hi. James from EngVid. You know what?

我今天要做什麼呢? 我要…嗨我是詹姆士。 你知道嗎?

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