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  • There are two types of mindset we can cultivate: One that embraces problems as opportunities to learn, and one that avoids them often out of fear to fail.

    我們可以培養兩種心態:第一種心態是擁抱問題,視之為學習機會; 另一種心態則因為害怕失敗而逃避問題。

  • People that avoid conflicts can be described as having a fixed mindset; those who see problems as interesting challenges have a growth mindset.

    那些逃避衝突的人,可被稱為具有定型心態;把問題視為有趣挑戰的人,則具有成長心態。

  • Sometimes we like to switch from one to the other.

    有時候,我們喜歡從一種心態切換至另一種心態。

  • People have a fixed mindset because they believe the basic qualities like intelligence or talents are fixed traits and that these traits are responsible for success.

    有定型心態的人們相信,智力或才能之類的特質是固定不變的,這些特質左右成功與否。

  • They often like to document past achievements.

    他們通常喜歡記錄以往的成就。

  • With a growth mindset, people believe that new abilities can be developed through practice.

    具有成長心態的人相信,他們可以經由練習來發展出新能力。

  • This view creates the love for learning the most great leaders and artists have in common.

    最傑出的領導人及藝術家,普遍因為有著這種觀點,傾向於熱愛學習。

  • For them, life becomes an exciting journey with endless opportunity to figure out new things and advance.

    他們覺得生命是一趟有趣的旅程,有著能夠了解新事物讓自我進步的無限機會。

  • To develop a growth mindset, Dr. Carol Dweck, the Stanford University professor who coined the term, advises leaders, teachers, and parents to celebrate trying.

    若想要發展出成長心態,發明這個名詞的史丹佛大學教授卡蘿.德魏克博士,建議領導人、教師、及父母應該擁抱嘗試。

  • Teachers should applaud students for any grade if they study hard; parents should encourage their children to develop any new skill they are interested in.

    只要學生用功學習,不論最後成績如何,教師都應該讚美;而父母應該鼓勵孩子去發展他們感興趣的任何新技能。

  • Doing this will make them learn the skill of learning, which will also help them back in the classroom.

    這麼做將可以使他們學到學習的技巧,在學校同樣也有幫助。

  • To illustrate the difference in everyday life, let's observe two imaginary kids: Jay thinks you've either got it or you haven't; Ann knows that she can learn anything if she wants it enough.

    為了顯示兩種心態在日常生活中的差別,讓我們來觀察兩個想像中的孩子:Jay 認為,你要不就是學得來,要不就是學不來;而 Ann 則知道,若她的學習慾望夠強,她能學會任何東西。

  • At physical exercise, Jay avoids challenges.

    在體育課跳躍鞍馬時,Jay 逃避了挑戰。

  • When it's time to jump over the vaulting horse, he's afraid to look stupid and be laughed at.

    當要跳跳馬箱的時候,他害怕因為自己顯得笨拙而被嘲笑。

  • Ann embraces any challenge. It's exciting, it's fun.

    Ann 則擁抱任何挑戰。她對挑戰感到很興奮,覺得很有趣。

  • She knows that failing is part of learning, and if she tries hard, at the end, nobody will laugh at her.

    她知道失敗是學習過程中的一部分,若她努力嘗試,最終不會有人會嘲笑她。

  • Jay avoids feedback.

    Jay 逃避反饋意見。

  • If the teacher tells him how to improve an assignment he has been working on, he takes it personally.

    若老師告訴他如何改進他正在做的一項作業,他會覺得是在針對他自己。

  • Ann knows that to improve, she needs to listen to constructive criticism.

    Ann 則知道為了改進,她需要聆聽有建設性的批評。

  • She also understands that it's not her that is being assessed, but the results of her work on that one day.

    她也了解這些批評並不是在評斷她本身,而是在評斷她這一天的作業成果。

  • Jay always take the easy road.

    Jay 總是走容易的路。

  • For example, he likes escalators and hates to take the stairs.

    舉例來說,他喜歡搭電扶梯,討厭走樓梯。

  • When he is practicing the guitar, he stops the moment he is getting stuck.

    練習吉他時只要一卡住,他就停止不練了。

  • Ann usually doesn't even take escalators.

    Ann 通常不會搭電扶梯。

  • She jumps up the stairs count every step in her head and enjoys feeling the blood rushing through her veins.

    她會在樓梯上歡欣雀躍的走著,邊走邊在腦海裡數著步數,享受著血液流動的快感。

  • She practices the drums every morning for 15 minutesnot that she always enjoys it, but she knows that effort is part of a journey to a more fun life.

    她每天早上會練習打鼓十五分鐘,而這並不因為她總是樂在其中, 而是她知道努力是通往更有趣生活的過程中必經的一部分。

  • Ann likes to see others succeed. It inspires her.

    Ann 喜歡看到別人成功,並會因此被鼓舞。

  • She knows that if she motivates her friends to get better, she herself is likely to grow, too.

    她知道若她鼓勵她的朋友追求進步,她本身也可能會跟著成長。

  • If his friends try new things and succeed, Jay feels threatened.

    若 Jay 的朋友嘗試新事物並且成功,他便會備感威脅。

  • He's afraid that their success will put pressure on him to do more with his life, too.

    他擔心他們的成功會造成壓力,迫使他得做更多。

  • Modern companies look for employees with the growth mindset because they solve problems and persist despite obstacles.

    現代的公司尋求具有成長心態的員工,因為這種員工謀求解決問題,就算遭遇阻難,也會堅持下去。

  • To spot the right ones, some asked during the interview whether the job applicant believes if managers are born, or if management is a skill learned.

    為了找出這種員工,一些公司在面試員工時詢問應徵者:經理人是天生的,亦或管理是一種學習而得的技巧?

  • Jay thinks that managers are born; Ann gets the job.

    Jay 認為經理人是天生的;而 Ann 則獲得錄用。

  • Neuroscientists support the idea. They confirm that the brain grows like any other muscle in the body with training.

    神經學家支持這概念:他們證實了大腦就像身體的其他肌肉,會隨著鍛鍊而成長。

  • Studies show that adopted twins tend to have higher intelligence compared to their siblings who stayed with their biological parents.

    研究顯示,被收養的雙胞胎之一往往具有較高的智力,高於留在親生父母身邊的兄弟或姊妹。

  • The difference appears to come from the higher educational levels of adoptive parents and shows that nurture is more important than nature.

    這種差異是因為收養父母的教育程度較高,而這顯示出後天教養比先天素質來得更加重要。

  • A simple switch in how a person views a situation can mean a world of differencenot just the outcome of that situation, the outcome of that person's place in life.

    只要從不同角度切換對自己境遇的看法,整個世界就會有所不同——不僅僅是整個情況的結果會有所不同,整個人生所處的位置也會不同。

  • As the late poet Samuel Beckett once said, "Ever tried, ever failed, no matter. Try again, fail again, fail better."

    正如已故詩人薩謬爾.貝克特所言:「嘗試過,失敗過, 沒關係。 再嘗試,再失敗, 比以前更進步的失敗。 」

  • What do you think about the concept?

    你認為這觀個概念如何呢?

  • Is it overly simplistic?

    會覺得它太過簡化嗎?

  • And if you buy the idea, do you believe it is possible to make a permanent switch from a fixed to a growth mindset?

    若你認同這個觀念的話,你相信人能持久地從定型心態轉變為成長心態有嗎?

  • Please share your thoughts in the comment section below.

    請在下方的評論區分享你的看法。

There are two types of mindset we can cultivate: One that embraces problems as opportunities to learn, and one that avoids them often out of fear to fail.

我們可以培養兩種心態:第一種心態是擁抱問題,視之為學習機會; 另一種心態則因為害怕失敗而逃避問題。

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