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  • Greetings, fellow thinkers.

    思想者們,你們好。

  • I am Alessandro Volta,

    我是亞歷山德羅-沃爾塔。

  • and today I invite you to join me on a journey of discovery.

    今天我邀請你和我一起踏上發現之旅。

  • Together, we will relive my greatest triumph:

    我們將一起重溫我最大的勝利。

  • the invention of the battery.

    電池的發明。

  • But you say: "This doesn't look much like a battery!"

    但你說:"這看起來不太像電池!&quot。

  • Perhaps you were expecting:

    也許你在期待。

  • One of these.

    其中之一。

  • Or even:

    甚至。

  • One of these.

    其中之一。

  • But my reply is this:

    但我的回答是:

  • All these batteries are the same

    這些電池都是一樣的

  • and they only require one thing to make them work:

    而它們只需要一件事就能讓它們發揮作用。

  • A flow of electrons from high concentration to low concentration

    電子從高濃度流向低濃度。

  • This simple idea powers flashlights, computers,

    這個簡單的想法為手電筒、電腦供電。

  • and even tiny little helicopters!

    甚至是小小的直升機!

  • Come, meet my colleague Luigi Galvani.

    來,見見我的同事Luigi Galvani。

  • It is upon his research that I based my most important discovery.

    正是基於他的研究,我才有了最重要的發現。

  • [singing] Frogs frogs frogs, you gotta cut them up to see how they work.

    [唱] 青蛙... ...青蛙... ...青蛙,你得把它們切開來看看它們是怎麼工作的。

  • [singing] Frogs frogs frogs, you gotta cut them up to see how they work.

    [唱] 青蛙... ...青蛙... ...青蛙,你得把它們切開來看看它們是怎麼工作的。

  • [off-screen] Galvani, how are you?

    加爾瓦尼,你好嗎?

  • Ah, Volta!

    啊,沃爾塔!

  • Perfecto timing for a lab visit.

    恰逢其時的實驗室檢查。

  • I've just received an amazing new piece of equipment:

    我剛剛收到了一個驚人的新設備。

  • A set of pinchers, where one part is made of copper

    一套夾子,其中一部分是由銅製成的。

  • and the other part is made of zinc

    而另一部分是由鋅製成的

  • and using these pinchers,

    並使用這些夾子。

  • I'm going to dissect the frog.

    我'要去解剖青蛙。

  • Would you be so kind as to demonstrate for me?

    你能不能給我示範一下?

  • Gladly.

    很高興。

  • Whoa, behold: electricity!

    哇,看哪:電!

  • From the tissues of this humble beast I've evoked electrical fire.

    從這個卑微的野獸的組織中,我'已經喚起了電火。

  • Amazing. With this power,

    驚人的。有了這種力量。

  • we could drive electric carriages and electric boats

    我們可以開電動車和電動船了

  • and if electricity resides in a single frog,

    而如果電住在一隻青蛙身上。

  • we could feed one frog to another -

    我們可以喂一隻青蛙到另一個 -

  • and the second to a third and the third to a fourth -

    和第二個到第三個和第三個到第四個 -

  • and make a gigantic frog full of fiery electric potential.

    並做出一隻充滿火熱電勢的巨大青蛙。

  • Ah, but you're wrong my dear friend.

    啊,但是你錯了,我親愛的朋友。

  • You've made a magnificent discovery,

    你做了一個偉大的發現。

  • but you misunderstand the cause.

    但你誤解了原因。

  • Well, where does the electricity come from?

    那麼,電從哪裡來?

  • You're using tools that are made out of two different metals:

    你使用的工具是由兩種不同的金屬製成的。

  • Zinc and Copper

    鋅和銅

  • This is the source of the current.

    這就是電流的來源。

  • If you were to use tools that were made of the same metal,

    如果你要使用相同金屬製成的工具。

  • nothing happens - see?

    無事生非

  • But with my pinchers of zinc and copper,

    但與我的鋅和銅的捏合。

  • - Amazing, amazing!

    - 驚人,驚人!

  • This is truly a wonderful discovery.

    這真是一個奇妙的發現。

  • Thank you, Volta. But now you've got me thinking:

    謝謝你,沃爾塔。但現在你讓我想到了。

  • Why does electricity flow from one metal to another?

    為什麼電會從一種金屬流向另一種金屬?

  • What makes copper and zinc different?

    銅和鋅有什麼不同?

  • I'm so glad you asked.

    我'很高興你問了。

  • Let me tell you a tale: a tale of two metals,

    我給你講一個故事:兩種金屬的故事。

  • a tale about swimming,

    一個關於游泳的故事。

  • and a tale about cats and dogs.

    和一個關於貓和狗的故事。

  • Here we have zinc, a metal that is made of dog-atoms.

    這裡有鋅,是一種由狗原子構成的金屬。

  • All of his dog-atoms love the ocean.

    他所有的狗原子都喜歡大海。

  • They'd do practically anything to go for a swim in the salty water.

    他們'幾乎會做任何事情去鹹水裡游泳。

  • And here we have his friend copper, who is covered in cats.

    這裡還有他的朋友銅,他渾身都是貓。

  • All of his atoms are cats.

    他所有的原子都是貓。

  • They hate the ocean and want to get out of the water as soon as possible.

    他們討厭大海,想盡快離開水。

  • Whenever a dog hops into the water,

    每當狗跳入水中。

  • it has to leave two of its electrons behind.

    它必須留下兩個電子。

  • What am I going to do with all these extra electrons?

    這些多出來的電子我要怎麼處理?

  • And in order for a cat-ion to get out of the water,

    而為了讓貓離子出水。

  • it's got to find two electrons.

    它得找到兩個電子。

  • Cat-ions: Hey! Get us out of the water! We hate swimming!

    貓咪們把我們從水裡救出來!我們討厭游泳!

  • I want to help you, but I have no electrons.

    我想幫你,但我沒有電子。

  • Cat-ions: But it's cold in here! Can't you get us dry without electrons?

    貓咪們但它的冷在這裡!沒有電子你就不能讓我們幹嗎?

  • Nope. It takes two electrons to get you out of the water.

    不對需要兩個電子才能把你從水裡撈出來。

  • But, let me call my friend Zinc.

    但是,讓我叫我的朋友鋅。

  • He may have extra electrons.

    他可能有額外的電子。

  • [phone ringing]

    [電話鈴聲]

  • Hello? Zinc speaking.

    喂,我是鋅。我是鋅。

  • Zinc, it's Copper.

    鋅,它'的銅。

  • Oh man, did you know I was just about to call you?

    哦,夥計,你知道我正要給你打電話嗎?

  • Really? Hey, listen, can you do me a favor:

    真的嗎? - 嘿,聽著,你能幫我個忙嗎?嘿,聽著,你能幫我一個忙嗎?

  • do you and your dog-ions have any extra electrons around?

    你和你的狗狗們有沒有多餘的電子?

  • That is so crazy! I was about to call you because I have all these dog-atoms,

    太瘋狂了!我正要給你打電話,因為我有所有這些狗原子。

  • and every time they go swimming, they leave behind two electrons.

    而每次它們去游泳,都會留下兩個電子。

  • Now I've got tons of electrons and I don't know what to do.

    現在我有大量的電子,我不知道該怎麼辦。

  • Honestly, I'm feeling pretty negative about the whole situation.

    老實說,我'對整個情況感到非常消極。

  • Well, I'm positive we can find a solution.

    好吧,我很肯定我們能找到解決辦法。

  • Why don't you send a couple of electrons through the wire?

    你為什麼不通過電線發送幾個電子?

  • That way I can pull some of my cat-ions out of the water.

    這樣我就可以把我的一些貓咪從水裡拉出來。

  • Right on, man.

    沒錯,夥計。

  • I'll send them through two at a time.

    我一次送兩個過去。

  • [sound of electricity running through the wire]

    [電流通過電線的聲音]

  • [purring]

    [呼嚕聲]

  • Oh, my cat's purring! It loves being out of the water.

    哦,我的貓'的呼嚕聲!它喜歡出水。

  • Hey, Zinc, have any more electrons?

    嘿,鋅,還有電子嗎?

  • Totally!

    完全是!

  • In this way, the two friends are able to share electrons through the wire,

    這樣一來,兩位朋友就可以通過導線共享電子。

  • creating an electric current.

    產生電流。

  • The zinc dogs want to swim,

    鋅狗想遊 。

  • the copper cats want to get dry,

    銅貓想幹。

  • and that's what makes electricity flow through a battery.

    而這也是讓電流流經電池的原因。

  • Here's the zinc, whose atoms are like dogs and want to swim.

    這裡'是鋅,它的原子像狗一樣,想游泳。

  • Here's the copper, whose atoms are like cats.

    這裡'是銅,其原子像貓一樣。

  • Here's the wire through which Zinc sends its extra electrons to Copper.

    這裡是鋅向銅發送額外電子的導線。

  • This flow of electrons is called an electric current.

    這種電子的流動稱為電流。

  • You can use that current to power a lightbulb,

    你可以用這些電流給燈泡供電。

  • or a speaker.

    或揚聲器。

  • Or a frog's leg!

    或者是青蛙的腿!

  • Electrons flow from the zinc through the frog's leg and into the copper.

    電子從鋅流經青蛙'的腿,進入銅。

  • The nerve in the frog's muscle is sensitive to electricity,

    青蛙'肌肉的神經對電很敏感。

  • and it flexes from the current.

    而它從電流中彎曲。

  • Now I understand! The electricity isn't generated in the frog's leg.

    現在我明白了!電不是在青蛙的腿上產生的。

  • Rather, electrons leaving zinc and traveling into the copper create the current.

    而是電子離開鋅,進入銅中產生電流。

  • Yes! And if you want to make your own battery,

    是的!如果你想自己做電池。

  • all you need are: two kinds of metals,

    你所需要的是:兩種金屬。

  • a wire,

    一根電線。

  • and something salty or sour.

    和一些鹹的或酸的東西。

  • Here's one that I made.

    這是我做的一個。

  • We have a zinc nail, a nice bit of copper, and this beautiful winter gourd.

    我們有一個鋅釘,有一點好銅,還有這個美麗的冬瓜。

  • I am using it to power the tiny speaker here.

    我是用它來給這裡的小音箱供電的。

  • [music]

    [音樂]

  • Oh, that's good.

    哦,那很好。

  • I made my famous batteries with zinc and copper,

    我用鋅和銅做了我著名的電池。

  • but other metals would work as well.

    但其他金屬也可以。

  • Lithium batteries are in cellphones, and lead battereis are in cars.

    手機裡有鋰電池,汽車裡有鉛蓄電池。

  • And instead of a gourd, you could try using really salty water

    而不是用葫蘆,你可以試試用真正的鹹水。

  • or potatoes, or vinegar, or even ammonia.

    或洋芋,或醋,甚至氨水。

  • In every case, there's two metals:

    在每種情況下,都有兩種金屬。

  • one that likes to go swimming, and one that likes to stay dry.

    一個喜歡去游泳,一個喜歡保持乾燥。

  • And the difference between the two of them allows the electrons to flow.

    而他們兩個之間的差異,讓電子可以流動。

  • [sighing]

    [嘆氣]

  • Hey buddy, what's wrong?

    嘿,夥計,怎麼了?

  • You made a wonderful discovery today!

    你今天有了一個奇妙的發現!

  • Yeah, I know.

    是的,我知道。

  • But I got totally wrapped up in the idea that we could use frogs

    但我完全被我們可以使用青蛙的想法所迷惑了

  • fed to other frogs

    喂蛙

  • to power the world.

    為世界提供動力。

  • And now I realize that the data say otherwise.

    而現在我意識到,數據顯示並非如此。

  • And so, I guess I have no more need for these guys.

    所以,我想我已經不需要這些傢伙了。

  • Godspeed, Frogs.

    上帝保佑,青蛙們

  • Adieu.

    再見了

Greetings, fellow thinkers.

思想者們,你們好。

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