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  • Stuck at an intersection, you always watch unfold the fundamental problem of traffic.

    陷於車陣時,你總是納悶著為何會塞車。

  • On green, the first car accelerates, and then the next, and then the next, and then the next, and then you, only to catch the red.

    綠燈時,第一台車加速,然後下一台、下一台、再下一台,但就只有你會被紅燈卡住。

  • Had the cars accelerated simultaneously you would have made it through.

    假設所有車同時起步,你就能通過這個路口。

  • Coordination - not cars - is the problem because we are monkey drivers with slow reaction times and short attention spans.

    相較於車輛多寡,協調性才是造成塞車的原因,因為我們反應慢又無法長時間維持專注力。

  • Even if we tried getting everyone to press the pedal on 3-2-1-now would be challenging.

    即使我們嘗試所有人同時起步, 一、二、三,走!還是很困難。

  • This dis-coordination limits how many cars can get through an intersection.

    這種不協調限制了通過路口的車輛數。

  • And when one backs up to the next, that's when city-sized gridlock cascades happen, taking forever to clear.

    而且,當車輛從一個路口塞到另一個路口,交通就會癱瘓且再也無法疏通。

  • In general, more intersections equals more dis-coordination which equals more traffic.

    總而言之,越多路口就會導致越多不協調,然後導致越多塞車。

  • This is the motive behind big highways: no intersections.

    這就是高速公路的原理,沒有路口。

  • Splits and merges, yes. Intersections, no.

    有分道跟合併,但沒有路口。

  • No stopping, no coordination problems, no traffic.

    不用停下來、沒有協調問題,也就等於沒有塞車。

  • Well that's the theory anyway.

    但,這是只是個理論。

  • Intersections outside of a highway will back up onto it.

    平面道路的十字路口還是會塞回高速公路。

  • Again, because human reaction times limit how many cars can escape the off-ramp when the light changes.

    當燈號變換時,又會因為人類反應時間限制了匝道的車流量。

  • But, even without intersections, there would still be traffic on the highway.

    但即使沒有路口,高速公路仍會塞車。

  • Traffic can just appear.

    塞車可以無中生有。

  • Take a one lane highway with happy cars flowing until a chicken crosses the road.

    假設在一條一線道高速公路上,車輛正飛快地行使,但此時有一隻雞穿過馬路。

  • The driver who sees it brakes a little.

    看見雞的駕駛稍微踩了煞車。

  • The driver behind him doesn't notice immediately and brakes a little harder than necessary.

    後車沒有馬上注意到,煞車踩得大力些。

  • The driver behind him does the same until someone comes to a complete stop.

    下一台車也一樣,直到某人完全停下來。

  • And, oh look, cars approaching at highway speeds must now stop as well.

    原本以速限行駛的來車都必須減速至停止。

  • Though the chicken is long gone, it left a phantom intersection on the highway.

    即使雞早已經走了,但牠卻留下了一個隱形路口。

  • This is what's happened when you're stuck in traffic for hours thinking, "There must be a deadly pile-up ahead."

    這就是為什麼塞車時,你總是會想「前面一定發生了嚴重的連環車禍。」

  • And then suddenly, the traffic's over with no wreckage in sight, to your relief if you're a good person and mild annoyance if you aren't.

    但車流紓解後,卻沒看到車禍的殘骸,如果你是個好人,你會鬆一口氣,反之你會有點不爽。

  • You just pass through a phantom intersection, the cause of which is long gone.

    你只是經過了一個隱形路口,塞車的原因早已消失。

  • And this phantom intersection moves.

    而這個隱形路口還會移動。

  • It's really a traffic snake slithering down the road eating oncoming cars at one end and pooping them out the other.

    這就像一條貪食蛇,一路吃掉那些車,並從另一端拉出來。

  • On a ring road, a single car slowing down will start an Ouroboros of traffic that will last forever, even though there's no problem with the road.

    在環形道路上,只要有一台車減速就會造成銜尾蛇,即使道路上沒有任何狀況,塞車也會永遠地塞下去。

  • If the drivers could coordinate to accelerate and separate simultaneously, easy driving would return.

    如果駕駛可以互相協調,同時加速和保持距離,交通就能恢復順暢。

  • But they can't, so traffic eternal.

    但駕駛們無法做到這點,所以塞車就會持續下去。

  • On highways, traffic snakes grow if cars are eaten faster than excreted.

    高速公路上,貪食蛇吃多拉少就會變長。

  • And they shrink if excreted faster than eaten, dying when the last car accelerates away before the next car must stop.

    反之則會縮短,當最後一輛車在後車煞車前加速,貪食蛇就會消失。

  • Now, in multi-lane highways, there needs be no chicken to start gridlock.

    多線道的高速公路,即使沒有雞也可能造成問題。

  • A driver crossing lanes quickly with cars too close behind is enough to birth the traffic snake that lives for hours and leaves.

    駕駛變快速換車道,卻沒注意跟後方車輛的安全距離就會製造出貪食蛇,而這需要數小時才會消失。

  • It's this quick crossing that causes drivers behind to over brake and begin a chain reaction.

    快速變換車道會導致過度煞車,並引發連鎖反應。

  • But we can make traffic snakes less likely by changing the way we drive.

    但改變開車方式,我們幾乎可以讓貪食蛇不要出現。

  • Your goal as a driver is to stay the same distance from the car ahead as from the car behind at all times.

    身為駕駛,你的目標就是與前後車保持相同距離。

  • Tailgating is trouble.

    緊跟著前車會造成問題。

  • Not just because it makes accidents more likely but because you as the tailgater can start a traffic snake if the driver ahead brakes.

    不只是因為這會提高車禍率,而且當前車減速時你也容易製造出貪食蛇。

  • Always in the middle!

    所以永遠保持在中間!

  • This gives you the most time to prevent over-braking but also gives the driver behind you the most time as well.

    這樣能給你最多的時間避免過度煞車,也給後車最多時間反應。

  • And when stuck in traffic, this rule would get all cars to pull apart the snake faster.

    而且當塞車時,這個原則可以加速拉開貪食蛇。

  • That's the simple solution to traffic: getting humans to change their behavior.

    這個簡單的解決方法就是讓人們改變行為。

  • Perhaps by sharing this video to show how and why traffic happens, why tailgaters are trouble, and how we can work together to make the roads better for all.

    可以藉由分享這個影片讓大家了解塞車如何產生?為什麼跟車太近會造成問題?或我們要如何做才可以讓交通環境變得更好?

  • The End.

    以上。

  • Except, yeah...wishing upon a star that people are better than they are is a terrible solution. Every time.

    嗯,除了...向星星許願希望人們變得更好是不切實際的。

  • Instead, what works is a structurally systematized solution which is exactly what self-driving cars are.

    反之,真正有效的方法是以系統性的方案解決結構上的問題,那就是自動駕駛。

  • Self-driving cars can just be programmed to stay in the middle and accelerate simultaneously.

    自動駕駛可以被設計成保持在前後車輛的中間且同時加速。

  • They'll just do it.

    它們就是可以做到。

  • The more self-driving cars at an intersection, the more efficient the intersection gets.

    路口有越多自動駕駛就越有效率。

  • A solid lane of self-driving cars vastly increases throughput.

    只有自動駕駛的車道,車流量會大幅增加。

  • Hmm, actually!

    事實上!

  • If you ban humans from the road (which we should totally do anyway), you can get rid of the intersection entirely.

    如果禁止人類駕駛 (我們早該這麼做了),我們便可以完全消除十字路口造成的影響。

  • After all, a traffic light is just a tool for drivers on one road to communicate with drivers on another, poorly and coarsely.

    畢竟,紅綠燈只是駕駛們溝通的工具,既拙劣又粗糙。

  • Red equals "Don't go now, we are coming through the intersection."

    紅燈代表「請你們停車,我們要經過路口」。

  • Green equals "good to go."

    而綠燈代表「請走」。

  • But self-driving cars can talk to each other at the speed of light.

    但自動駕駛可以用光速溝通。

  • With that kind of coordination, no traffic light necessary.

    有這樣的協調機制,就不需要交通號誌了。

  • Just as with the highway, the best intersection is no intersection.

    就像高速公路一樣,最好的路口就是沒有路口。

  • Humans will never drive this precisely.

    人類永遠不可能如此精準地駕駛。

  • At the intersection, the fundamental problem with traffic that you watch unfold, as well as everything, is people.

    跟所有問題的元凶一樣,交通的癥結點也是「人類」。

  • So the real simple solution to traffic: is no more monkeys driving cars.

    所以解決交通問題的根本解藥是:別再讓人類開車了。

Stuck at an intersection, you always watch unfold the fundamental problem of traffic.

陷於車陣時,你總是納悶著為何會塞車。

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