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  • So, imagine you had a bag of programmable matter,

    所以,想象一下你有一袋可編程的物質。

  • by which I mean, engineered modules that cooperate with

    我的意思是,工程模塊,配合的是

  • each other to form shapes.

    彼此形成形狀。

  • You could reach in and pull out some object you needed,

    你可以伸手進去,掏出一些你需要的物件。

  • like a wrench or a coffee cup,

    如扳手或咖啡杯。

  • And then when you were done with it, you could put it

    然後,當你完成了它,你可以把它。

  • back into the bag, and it would break apart and its modules

    袋子裡,它就會碎裂,其模塊也會碎裂。

  • would be available to form the next object that you needed.

    將可形成下一個你需要的對象。

  • So, biology provides the inspiration that this is, in fact, possible.

    所以,生物學提供了這樣的啟發:事實上,這是可能的。

  • This is a simulation by my colleague Jonathan Bachrach,

    這是我的同事Jonathan Bachrach的模擬。

  • showing a mechanical protein folding itself into several objects.

    展示了一個機械蛋白質自身摺疊成幾個物體的過程。

  • This is a chain of engineered modules, and each module

    這是一條工程模塊鏈,每個模塊都是

  • has a motor that can exert a force on its joint.

    有一個電機,可以對其關節施加力。

  • By setting the angle on each joint, it's possible to fold the representation of any shape.

    通過設置每個關節的角度,它可以摺疊任何形狀的表現。

  • Although, in practice I think you'd want to have lots of these chains

    雖然,在實踐中,我認為你'想有很多這樣的鏈子。

  • working together, just like biology does it.

    一起工作,就像生物一樣。

  • We had a grant from DARPA to build a prototype of this,

    我們得到了DARPA的資助,建立了一個原型。

  • and the grant had a requirement that the modules be smaller

    贈款有一項要求,即模塊必須較小

  • than one cubic centimeter. And, because we wanted to

    超過一立方厘米。而且,因為我們想

  • make a lot of these modules, we wanted the modules to be

    做了很多這樣的模塊,我們希望這些模塊能夠是

  • cheap and simple, and so we decided to not use gearing,

    便宜又簡單,所以我們決定不使用齒輪。

  • just to have the motor directly drive each axis.

    只是為了讓電機直接驅動各軸。

  • We looked, but we couldn't find any off-the-shelf motors

    我們找過了,但我們找不到任何現成的馬達。

  • that were small enough, and could exert enough continuous force,

    足夠小,並能施加足夠的持續力。

  • without burning themselves out.

    而不至於把自己燒死。

  • So we invented a new type of motor, which we call

    所以我們發明了一種新型的馬達,我們稱之為

  • an electropermanent motor.

    電永動機;

  • This motor works by using coils to remagnetize its permanent magnets

    該電機的工作原理是利用線圈使其永久磁鐵再磁化。

  • all the way around their hysteresis loops on every step.

    一直圍繞著他們的磁滯環的每一步。

  • What this means is, when you remove power, the device holds its position,

    這意味著,當你移除電源時,設備會保持其位置。

  • and it can exert its maximum force with very low average power input.

    並且它可以在很低的平均功率輸入下發揮最大的力量。

  • Once we had the motor working, we designed the rest of

    一旦我們有了電機的工作,我們就設計了剩下的部分

  • the mechanical protein. It's basically a chain of motor rotors and stators,

    的機械蛋白。它基本上是一個電機轉子和定子的鏈條。

  • the rotating part and the stationary partsinterlocked together,

    旋轉部分和靜止部分--互鎖在一起。

  • with a flexible circuit wrapped around it for power and control.

    並在其上纏繞柔性電路,用於供電和控制。

  • We had to learn watchmaking techniques to build the prototypes, which was fun.

    我們必須學習製表技術來製作原型,這很有趣。

  • So, here's a video, probably taken at about 2am, of the

    所以,這裡有一段視頻,可能是在凌晨2點左右拍攝的。

  • first module turning in a pair of scissors on my desk.

    第一模塊在我的辦公桌上翻出一把剪刀。

  • You'll see the coiled portion of the flexible circuit coiling and uncoiling

    您將看到柔性電路的卷繞部分和解卷部分。

  • to connect the module to its neighbor; it took us a while to get that right.

    來連接模塊和它的鄰居;我們花了點時間才弄好。

  • And then once we had one module working we made four more;

    然後一旦我們有一個模塊的工作,我們做了四個更多。

  • here is a chain forming shapes.  It starts out as a line, and then it forms:

    這裡是一個連鎖的形狀。 開始是一條線,然後形成。

  • a left handed helix

    左旋

  • a right handed helix

    右旋

  • a periscope

    潛望鏡

  • and an L-shape.

    和L型。

  • Every module gets its instructions to turn left, right, or straight;

    每個模塊都會得到向左、向右或直行的指令。

  • that's like the DNA code for the shape,

    那'就像形狀的DNA密碼。

  • and then the motors fold the chain up into the shape.

    然後電機將鏈條摺疊成形狀。

  • The motors are strong enough to lift one other segment, which is OK, it works,

    電機的功率足夠大,還能提升一個段位,這還算可以,能用。

  • but to have performance on par with geared systems,

    但要有與齒輪系統相當的性能。

  • we'd like to be able to lift 2-3 other modules,

    我們'希望能夠提升其他2-3個模塊。

  • which we think we can get to with a lighter structure and with better materials.

    我們認為我們可以用更輕的結構和更好的材料來達到這個目的。

  • Still, as far as we know this is the highest resolution

    不過,據我們所知,這是最高分辨率的。

  • chain-type programmable matter system built to date.

    鏈式程控物質系統建成至今。

  • We started this project with a vision of programmable matter,

    我們是帶著對可編程物質的憧憬開始這個項目的。

  • but we ended up inventing a motor that can hold its position without power.

    但我們最終還是發明了一種沒有動力也能保持其位置的電機。

  • We're still working on programmable matter, of course,

    當然,我們'還在研究可編程物質。

  • but working with our industrial partners, we've discovered

    但與我們的工業合作伙伴合作,我們發現了以下幾點

  • that there are a lot of applications for such a small, low-power motor,

    這種小型、低功率的電機有很多應用。

  • in aerospace and medical applications, and so we're working with them now

    在航空航天和醫療領域的應用,所以我們現在正與他們合作。

  • to push this technology out into the world.

    以將這項技術推向世界。

So, imagine you had a bag of programmable matter,

所以,想象一下你有一袋可編程的物質。

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