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  • The book of Judges.

    《士師記》

  • So remember after Joshua led the tribe of Israel into the Promised Land

    在上一卷書,約書亞率領以色列民進入了應許之地

  • he called them to be faithful to their covenant with God

    他呼籲以色列百姓要忠於與上帝的約

  • by obeying the commands of the Torah.

    遵行神的律法與誡命

  • And if they do this, they will show all the other nations what God is like.

    如果他們遵行,全世界將會透過他們認識上帝。

  • So Judges begins with the death of Joshua

    約書亞死後,正式進入《士師記》

  • basically tells the story of Israel's total failure.

    但基本上都是在描述以色列人的全然敗壞。

  • The book's name comes from the type of leaders Israel had in this period.

    《士師》是那段時期以色列人的領袖

  • Before they had any Kings, the tribes were all governed by these "judges".

    因為他們還沒有立王,因此各支派由“士師”來統治。

  • Now don't think of a courtroom.

    但看到「Judges」可別聯想到法庭

  • These were regional, political, military leaders

    這些人是地區性的、政治上的、軍事上的領袖

  • more like a tribal chieftain.

    或者可以說,更像是部族的酋長。

  • And you need to be warned the book of Judges is very disturbing

    在讀之前,我必須警告你們 這卷書讓人很不解,並充滿暴力

  • and violent. It tells the tragic tale of Israel's moral corruption,

    講述以色列領袖與人民 在道德上逐漸敗壞的悲慘故事

  • of its bad leadership,

    講述以色列領袖與人民 在道德上逐漸敗壞的悲慘故事

  • and basically how they become no different than the Canaanites.

    甚至你將看到 他們和迦南人沒有甚麼區別

  • But this sad story is also meant to generate hope for the future,

    但這些悲哀的故事,卻也隱藏了盼望

  • and you can see this in how the book is designed.

    這就是這卷書的設計。

  • There's a large introduction that sets the stage for Israel's failure

    首先《士師記》1~2章,鋪陳出以色列的失敗

  • as they don't drive out the remaining Canaanites.

    因為他們沒有完全趕走迦南人

  • Then, the large main section of the book has stories about the growing corruption of Israel's judges.

    接著,3~16章是講述以色列的《士師》如何敗壞

  • And the progression here shows how Israel's leaders go from pretty good, to

    這裡描述當年以色列的領袖 從非常好,變成普通,然後變得很壞

  • ok, to bad,

    這裡描述當年以色列的領袖 從非常好,變成普通,然後變得很壞

  • to worse.

    最後,超級敗壞...

  • The concluding section is really disturbing

    最後的17~21章,則相當令人不安

  • and shows the corruption of the people of Israel as a whole.

    因為整個以色列民的墮落,將完全顯露出來。

  • So let's dive in and we can explore each part a bit more.

    現在讓我們開始探討其中的每個部份。

  • The opening section begins with the tribes of Israel in their territories in the Promised Land,

    首先看到,以色列12支派 已經位在他們所分到的各個領土。

  • and while Joshua defeated some key Canaanite towns,

    雖然約書亞攻下迦南許多關鍵的城市

  • there is still a lot of land to be taken,

    但迦南地其實還有很多未得之地 並且住著許多的迦南人。

  • and lots of Canaanites living in those areas.

    但迦南地其實還有很多未得之地 並且住著許多的迦南人。

  • And so chapter one gives a long list of Canaanite groups and towns

    所以第一章表列出一串迦南部族與城市的名稱

  • that Israel just failed to drive out from the land.

    以色列人並沒有成功地完全把他們趕出那地。

  • Now remember, the whole point of driving out the Canaanites

    要記得,趕出迦南人的重點是

  • was to avoid their moral corruption and their way of worshiping the gods

    避免以色列人接觸並效法 他們在道德上的淪喪、嬰兒獻祭、祭拜多神祇...等。

  • through child sacrifice.

    避免以色列人接觸並效法 他們在道德上的淪喪、嬰兒獻祭、祭拜多神祇...等。

  • God had called Israel to be a holy people

    上帝已經呼召以色列人要成為祂聖潔的子民 雖然這件事....還沒有落實。

  • and that does not happen.

    上帝已經呼召以色列人要成為祂聖潔的子民 雖然這件事....還沒有落實。

  • Chapter 2 describes how Israel just moved in alongside the Canaanites

    第二章描述以色列人卻與迦南人比鄰而居

  • adopted all their cultural and religious practices.

    並且沾染上他們的文化與宗教上的習俗

  • and it's right here that the story stops.

    故事就終止在這裡。

  • For nearly a whole chapter, the narrator gives us an overview of everything that's about to happen

    將近有一整章 作者向我們概述了士師記即將發生的一切

  • in the body of the book.

    將近有一整章 作者向我們概述了士師記即將發生的一切

  • This part of Israel's history, the narrator says,

    作者似乎在說:以色列這一部分的歷史 是一連串下沉的惡性循環。

  • was a series of cycles moving in a downward spiral.

    作者似乎在說:以色列這一部分的歷史 是一連串下沉的惡性循環。

  • Israel became like the Canaanites,

    以色列人變成跟迦南人幾乎一樣 他們大大冒犯、褻篤了上帝

  • and so they would sin against God.

    以色列人變成跟迦南人幾乎一樣 他們大大冒犯、褻篤了上帝

  • So, God would allow them to be conquered and oppressed by the Canaanites,

    因此,遠離上帝,他們就被迦南人征服,並且受到逼迫

  • and eventually the Israelites would see the error of their ways

    最後,以色列人將會看出他們是怎樣的偏離了 正道,並且因此悔改。

  • and repent.

    最後,以色列人將會看出他們是怎樣的偏離了 正道,並且因此悔改。

  • So God would raise up a deliverer of a judge from among Israel, who would defeat the enemy

    然後上帝從以色列中興起一位士師 將敵人打敗。

  • and bring about an era of peace.

    並且為這世代帶來和平

  • but eventually Israel would sin again and it will all start over.

    但是以色列人終究再次犯罪,然後一切又重來

  • This cycle provides the literary design and flow for the next main section of the book.

    這樣的循環成為文體上的架構 帶向這卷書的第二部分

  • It gets repeated for each of the six main judges

    3~16章,輪番描述六位主要的士師

  • whose stories are told here.

    在這裡會提到他們的故事

  • Now the stories of the first three judges

    首先來看前三位士師

  • Othniel, Ehud and Deborah

    俄陀聶、以笏、底波拉

  • theyre epic adventures - they're also extremely bloody stories.

    他們的故事就像電影,卻也是相當血腥的故事。

  • Either the judge themselves or people who helped the judge -

    無論是士師本身或協助士師的人

  • they defeat their enemies and deliver the people of Israel.

    他們打敗了敵人,並且拯救以色列百姓。

  • The stories about the next three judges are longer

    後三位士師的故事比較長 焦點著重於士師們的性格缺陷

  • and they focus in on the character flaws of the judges

    後三位士師的故事比較長 焦點著重於士師們的性格缺陷

  • which get increasingly worse.

    使得事情越來越糟

  • So Gideon, he begins pretty well, he's a coward of a man

    基甸(6~9章),他一開始相當不錯,雖然他很懦弱

  • but he eventually comes to trust that God CAN SAVE Israel through him

    但他最終相信上帝,要透過他來拯救以色列

  • and so he defeats a HUGE army of Midianites with only three hundred men

    於是他僅以三百人攜帶著火把和陶罐

  • carrying torches and clay pots.

    就打敗了米甸人的大軍

  • But Gideon has a nasty temper and he murders a bunch of fellow Israelitas

    但是基甸脾氣不大好 因此他也殺了許多以色列人

  • for not helping him in his battle

    只因為他們沒有在戰役中幫助他

  • and then it all goes downhill from there.

    然後事情從此開始走下坡

  • He makes an idol from the gold that he won in his battles

    他以戰爭中所得的黃金鑄造了偶像

  • and then after he dies all Israel worships the idol as a god

    當他過世之後,全以色列人 都將這偶像當作神來崇拜

  • and the cycle begins again.

    又來了...(嘆氣)

  • The next main judge is Jephthah who's something of a mafia thug living up in the hills

    下一位是耶弗他(10章6節~12章7節) 他基本上算是山居的惡棍

  • and when things get really bad for Israel the elders come to him begging for his help.

    當以色列情況越來越糟時 長老們來找他,懇求他的幫助。

  • And Jephthah was a very effective leader,

    而耶弗他,是個非常有戰鬥力的領袖

  • he won lots of battles against the Ammonites.

    他在許多和「亞們人」的戰役中得勝

  • but he was so unfamiliar with the God of Israel he treats him like a Canaanite god -

    但他實在太不熟悉以色列的神 而將祂視同為迦南的神

  • he vows to sacrifice his daughter if he wins the battle.

    他為了贏得戰爭,竟發誓要犧牲他的女兒

  • This tragic story it shows just how far Israel has fallen,

    這悲傷的記載,顯出以色列人的墮落

  • they no longer know the character of their own God,

    他們不再認識、並遠離了他們自己的上帝

  • which leads to murder and to false worship.

    淪入謀殺與錯謬的崇拜

  • The last judge Samson is by far the worst.

    最後一位士師:參孫(13~16章) 則是到此為止最糟糕的一位

  • his life began full of promise, but he has no regard for the God of Israel.

    他一生的開始是充滿應許的 但他並不尊榮以色列的神

  • He was promiscuous, violent and arrogant.

    他很淫亂、暴力且傲慢

  • He did win brutally strategic victories over the Philistines

    他非常殘忍,且有策略地擊敗非利士人

  • but only at the expense of his own integrity

    但他犧牲了他的純正作為代價

  • and his life ends in a violent rush of mass murder.

    於是他的生命在一場暴力的大屠殺中嘎然結束

  • Now a quick note here,

    在此簡要摘記如下

  • you´ll notice a repeated theme in the main section of the book

    你們會注意到這卷書的主要篇幅中 有一個一直重複的主題

  • that at key moments God´s Spirit will empower each of these judges

    在某個關鍵的時刻 上帝的靈會傾倒於這每一位士師身上

  • to accomplish these great acts of deliverance.

    以成就這些偉大的拯救行動

  • Now the fact that God uses these really screwed up people

    祂其實是使用這些「把事情搞砸了的人」

  • doesn´t mean he endorses all or even any of their decisions.

    但這不表示祂認同他們所做的一切行為。

  • God is committed first and foremost to saving His people

    上帝最初與最終的應許,就是要拯救祂的百姓

  • but all he has to work with is these corrupt leaders

    但是祂必須和這些敗壞的領袖合作

  • and so work with them he does.

    祂也的確與他們同工

  • This whole section is designed just to show how bad things have gotten -

    這整卷書顯示出事情到了多麼糟糕的地步

  • you can´t even tell the Israelites and the Caananites apart anymore,

    你甚至無法分辨以色列人和迦南人有甚麼不同

  • and that´s just the leaders.

    他們是領袖「士師」,何況一般的以色列人

  • The final section shows Israel as a whole hitting bottom.

    最後的段落,呈現出以色列已經全然敗壞

  • There are two tragic stories here and they are not for the faint of heart.

    最後一部分有兩個悲劇故事 對心臟不好的人來說是很難承受的。

  • They´re structured by this key line that gets repeated four times at the close of the book

    結構上,在這卷書的末了 有一行關鍵句子在此重複四次

  • In those days Israel had no king and everyone did what was right in their own eyes.

    「這時以色列人中沒有王,各人任意而行。」

  • The first story is about an Israelite named Micah who built a private temple to an idol.

    第一個故事是有關於一個以色列人名叫米迦 他為一個偶像蓋了家廟

  • And that gets plundered by a private army sent by the tribe of Dan.

    接著這些東西都被「但」支派的民兵擄走

  • So they come and they steal everything and then they go and burn down the peaceful city of Laish

    於是他們來,偷走一切 他們走後,還把平靜的城市-拉億-燒毀

  • and murder all of its inhabitants, its a horrifying story.

    且殺光其中的居民,這是個可怕的故事。

  • When Israel forgets its God might makes right.

    當以色列忘了唯獨上帝,是公義的上帝

  • The final story of the book is even worse,

    這卷書最後的故事更糟

  • it's a shocking tale of sexual abuse and violence which all leads to Israel´s first civil war.

    那是一個嚇人的性虐待與性暴力的故事 促成了以色列的第一場內戰

  • It's very disturbing and that´s the point.

    就是這點讓人覺得不舒服

  • These stories are meant to serve as a warning,

    這些故事其實是要作為一種警告

  • Israel´s descent into self destruction is a result of turning away

    當以色列的子孫背離神的道路 就自然進入自我毀滅

  • from the God who loves them and saved them out of slavery

    上帝這樣愛他們 並且拯救他們脫離在埃及受奴役

  • in Egypt, and now Israel needs to be delivered again from themselves.

    然而現在以色列需要再次被拯救 好脫離他們自設的網羅

  • The only glimmer of hope in this story is found in this repeated line in the last part of the book.

    在這故事中唯一的盼望 是來自這卷書最後一段中重複的句子

  • It actually forms the last sentence of this story.

    它其實就是這個故事最終的一句話

  • Israel has no king and so the stage is set for the following books to tell the origins of King David´s family,

    以色列沒有王。 也為在往後的書卷中講述大衛王家族的血脈佈下線索

  • the book of Ruth, and also the origins of kingship itself in Israel,

    《路得記》也是《撒母耳上》當中,以色列王室的血脈

  • the book of 1 Samuel. But the story of Judges has value as a tragedy -

    但是《士師記》的故事雖為悲劇卻仍有其價值

  • it's a sobering explanation of the human condition, and ultimately it points out the need for God´s grace

    它是整個人類歷史光景的濃縮寫照 最終它指出:人實在需要上帝的恩典

  • to send a king who will rescue His people.

    差派一位君王來拯救神的百姓

  • And that´s the book of judges.

    這就是《士師記》這卷書,謝謝。

The book of Judges.

《士師記》

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