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  • What is bipolar disorder?

    躁鬱症是什麼?

  • The word bipolar means two extremes.

    雙極這個字指的是兩個極端。

  • For the many millions experiencing bipolar disorder around the world,

    對於全球數百萬名躁鬱症患者來說,

  • life is split between two different realities - elation and depression.

    生活分裂成兩個不同的現實:興高采烈與意志消沉。

  • Although there are many variations of bipolar disorder, let's consider a couple.

    雖然躁鬱症有許多變型,但就讓我們只考慮一組吧。

  • Type 1 has extreme highs alongside the lows,

    第一型有著極度高漲的情緒,伴隨著低落的情緒,

  • while Type 2 involves briefer, less extreme periods of elation interspersed with long periods of depression.

    而第二型則有較短暫、較輕微的躁期,伴隨著長時間的鬱期。

  • For someone seesawing between emotional states, it can feel impossible to find the balance necessary to lead a healthy life.

    對於在情緒狀態的蹺蹺板上下擺盪的人來說,找到讓自己活得健康的平衡狀態感覺是不可能的。

  • Type 1's extreme highs are known as manic episodes, and they can make a person range from feeling irritable to invincible.

    第一型的極度高漲情緒被稱為躁狂期,這時期可以讓人從感覺易怒,到感覺自己無比強大。

  • But these euphoric episodes exceed ordinary feelings of joy,

    但這些愉悅的時期超出了平常高興的情緒,

  • causing troubling symptoms like racing thoughts,

    造成麻煩的症狀,像是思緒奔騰、

  • sleeplessness,

    失眠、

  • rapid speech,

    語速快、

  • impuslive actions,

    衝動行為,

  • and risky behaviors.

    以及危險行為。

  • Without treatment, these episodes become more frequent, intense, and take longer to subside.

    若不接受治療,這些時期會愈來愈頻繁、更劇烈,花更長時間才能平息。

  • The depressed phase of bipolar disorder manifests in many ways -

    而躁鬱症的鬱期會以不同方式出現:

  • a low mood,

    情緒低落、

  • dwindling interest in hobbies,

    漸漸對自己的嗜好不感興趣、

  • changes in appetite,

    食慾改變、

  • feeling worthless or excessively guilty,

    感到自己一無是處或過於內疚、

  • sleeping either too much or too little,

    睡眠過多或過少、

  • restlessness or slowness,

    坐立不安或行動緩慢,

  • or persistent thoughts of suicide.

    或是不斷有自殺的想法。

  • Worldwide, about one to three percent of adults experience the broad range of symptoms that indicate bipolar disorder.

    全球大約有 1% - 3% 的成年人有非常多的症狀,顯示他們有躁鬱症。

  • Most of those people are functional, contributing members of society,

    這些人大部分都是社會上有作用、有貢獻的一員,

  • and their lives, choices, and relationships aren't defined by the disorder,

    而他們的生活、選擇,以及人際關係都不因躁鬱症而受限,

  • but still, for many, the consequences are serious.

    然而,對於很多人來說,疾病造成的後果還是很嚴重。

  • The illness can undermine educational and professional performance,

    躁鬱症會損害學業、專業表現、

  • relationships,

    人際關係、

  • financial security,

    財務安全,

  • and personal safety.

    以及個人安全。

  • So what causes bipolar disorder?

    那麼,躁鬱症是什麼原因造成的?

  • Researchers think a key player is the brain's intricate wiring.

    研究人員認為,大腦裡錯綜複雜的線路是重要因素。

  • Healthy brains maintain strong connections between neurons thanks to the brain's continuous efforts to prune itself and remove unused or faulty neural connections.

    健康的大腦讓神經元之間保持密切連結,這多虧了大腦不斷地削減自己,移除未使用過或有缺陷的神經連結。

  • This process is important because our neural pathways serve as a map for everything we do.

    這個過程很重要,因為我們的神經路徑作為地圖讓我們做出一切事情。

  • Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, scientists have discovered that the brain's pruning ability is disrupted in people with bipolar disorder.

    科學家使用功能性磁振造影發現,患有躁鬱症的人他們大腦的修整能力會被中斷。

  • That means their neurons go haywire and create a network that's impossible to navigate.

    這意味著他們的神經元不受控制,創造出難以追蹤的網路。

  • With only confusing signals as a guide, people with bipolar disorder develop abnormal thoughts and behaviors.

    因為只有混淆的信號引導,患有躁鬱症的人發展出異常的想法與行為。

  • Also, psychotic symptoms,

    此外,精神病症狀,

  • like disorganized speech and behavior,

    如胡言亂語、行為紊亂、

  • delusional thoughts,

    幻想、

  • paranoia,

    妄想,

  • and hallucinations can emerge during extreme phases of bipolar disorder.

    幻覺等等會出現在躁鬱症的極端期。

  • This is attributed to the overabundance of a neurotransmitter called dopamine.

    這是因為一個稱為多巴胺的神經傳導物質過剩導致。

  • But despite these insights, we can't pin bipolar disorder down to a single cause.

    但儘管了解了以上知識,我們還是不能確定躁鬱症只有一種原因造成。

  • In reality, it's a complex problem.

    實際上,躁鬱症是個複雜的問題。

  • For example, the brain's amygdala is involved in thinking,

    舉例來說,大腦中的杏仁核涉及思考、

  • long-term memory,

    長期記憶,

  • and emotional processing.

    以及情緒處理。

  • In this brain region, factors as varied as genetics and social trauma may create abnormalities and trigger the symptoms of bipolar disorder.

    在此大腦區塊,如遺傳學、社會創傷等諸多因素都有可能造成異常,或引發躁鬱症症狀。

  • The condition tends to run in families, so we do know that genetics have a lot to do with it.

    這種狀況好發於家人間,因此,我們確實知道,遺傳學有很大的關聯。

  • But that doesn't mean there's a single bipolar gene.

    但這不表示只有單一個躁鬱症基因。

  • In fact, the likelihood of developing bipolar disorder is driven by the interactions between many genes in a complicated recipe we're still trying to understand.

    實際上,發展成躁鬱症的可能性是由許多基因間的互動驅使,而人正試圖了解這些複雜的互動方法。

  • The causes are complex, and consequently, diagnosing and living with bipolar disorder is a challenge.

    躁鬱症形成原因很複雜,也因此,診斷躁鬱症、帶著躁鬱症生活都是種挑戰。

  • Despite this, the disorder is controllable.

    儘管如此,躁鬱症還是可以控制的。

  • Certain medications like lithium can help manage risky thoughts and behaviors by stabilizing moods.

    像是鋰等藥物治療能穩定情緒,有助於控制危險的想法與行為。

  • These mood stabilizing medications work by decreasing abnormal activity in the brain, thereby strengthening the viable neural connections.

    這些能穩定心情的藥物,藉著減少大腦中異常活動而起作用,因此加強可活化的神經連結。

  • Other frequently used medications include antipsychotics, which alter the effects of dopamine,

    其他常用的藥物包括抗精神病劑,這種藥物可以改變多巴胺的效果,

  • and electroconvulsive therapy, which works like a carefully controlled seizure in the brain, is sometimes used as an emergency treatment.

    此外還有電痙攣療法,這種療法的作法是在腦中小心地控制引發痙攣,有時會用作緊急治療 。

  • Some bipolar patients reject treatment because they're afraid it will dim their emotions and destroy their creativity.

    不過有些躁鬱症患者會拒絕治療,因為他們害怕治療會讓他們的情緒低落,以及破壞他們的創造力。

  • But modern psychiatry is actively trying to avoid that.

    但是現今的精神病學很努力地避免這種情況。

  • Today, doctors work with patients on a case-by-case basis to administer a combination of treatments and therapies that allows them to live to their fullest possible potential.

    如今,醫生會視個案中病人的情況不同,提供不同組合的治療與療法,讓療法能夠達到最大的成效。

  • And beyond treatment, people with bipolar disorder can benefit from even simpler changes.

    除了治療之外,患有躁鬱症的人也可因更簡單的改變而受益。

  • Those include regular exercise,

    這些改變包括規律運動、

  • good sleep habits,

    良好的睡眠習慣、

  • and sobriety from drugs and alcohol,

    對藥物、酒精節制,

  • not to mention the acceptance and empathy of family and friends.

    更重要的是家人與朋友能接納與同情。

  • Remember, bipolar disorder is a medical condition, not a person's fault, or their whole identity,

    請記得,躁鬱症是一種疾病,並不是患者的錯,也不能代表患者的全部個性,

  • and it's something that can be controlled through a combination of medical treatments doing their work internally,

    而躁鬱症也是可以受控制的,透過一連串的藥物治療等內在因素,

  • friends and family fostering acceptance and understanding on the outside,

    還有朋友與家人學會接納與諒解等外在因素,

  • and people with bipolar disorder empowering themselves to find balance in their lives.

    患有躁鬱症的人就能自力更生找到生活中的平衡點。

What is bipolar disorder?

躁鬱症是什麼?

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