And I'm Neil.

我是 Neil

Could you lend me some dosh, Neil?

Neil 你可以借我一些錢嗎?

Sure. How much do you need?

當然。你需要多少?

A couple of smackers

一些一塊錢

You're sounding strange today, Alice.

你今天聽起來怪怪的，Alice

Yes, I know, Neil. Slang – or informal language used by a particular group – is the subject of today's show,

是啊，我知道，Neil。俚語－特定族群使用的非正式語言－這是今天節目的主題

and I was just demonstrating a couple of slang words that mean 'money'. Dosh is a general term for money and a smacker is a British pound or US dollar.

我剛只是示範了一些代表「錢」的俚語用詞。Dosh 泛指金錢，而 smacker 則是英鎊或是美元

OK, so Cockney Rhyming Slang is a type of slang. It's a coded language invented in the 19th Century

好的，考克尼同韻俚語也是一種俚語。這是一個由考尼克人在 19 世紀發明的密碼語言

by Cockneys so they could speak in front of the police without being understood. And still on the subject of money, I have a question for you, Alice.

所以他們可以在警察面前講話不會被聽懂。Alice，關於錢這個主題，我還有問題想要問你

oh~ OK.

好喔！

What's Cockney Rhyming Slang for 'money'? Is it… a) bread? b) honey? Or c) dough?

什麼是關於「錢」的考尼克同韻俚語？是 a) 麵包 b)蜂蜜？還是 c)生麵團？

I think it's a) bread. I bet you didn't know, Neil, that I'm a Cockney.

我覺得是 a) 麵包。我賭你不知道，Neil，我可是考尼克人呢!

I don't Adam and Eve it, Alice! That's a pork pie!

我不相信 (Adam and Eve)！你騙人 (pork pie)！

'Adam and Eve' means 'believe' and 'pork pie' means… 'lie'! Actually, you're right. I'm not a Cockney.

「Adam and Eve」的意思是「相信」，然後「豬肉派」是指....「謊言」！事實上，你是對的。我不是考尼克人。

To be considered a Cockney, you need to be born within hearing distance of the bells of St Mary-le-Bow church in what is now the City of London.

要被認為是一位考尼克人，你需要出生在可以聽到倫敦市聖瑪麗勒波教堂鐘聲的距離內

Indeed. Now, slang, as we've said, is colloquial – or informal – language. And it's characteristic of specific social groups

的確，現在，俚語，就如同我們所說的，是口語的－或者是通俗的－語言。是某特殊族群的特徵

We usually use it in informal conversation rather than in writing or more formal situations, like a job interview.

我們通常是在非正式的對話中使用這些俚語，而不是在寫作或更為正式的場合，像是工作面試之類的

We change the way we speak so that what we say is appropriate for a particular situation. So you surprised me earlier, Alice,

我們會依據情況不同而使用適當的說話方式。所以早先的時候，Alice 你嚇到我了

by talking about 'dosh' and 'smackers' because it didn't seem appropriate for presenting the show.

在討論「dosh」跟「smackers」時，因為他們似乎不太適合在節目上播出。

Slang use is often frowned upon – or disapproved of. Let's listen to Jonathan Green, a lexicographer of slang, talking about who uses slang and how this has changed.

俚語的使用通常是不被認真看待的－或是不被贊成的。讓我們來聽聽俚語辭典編纂者 Jonathan Green 談論是誰在使用俚語，以及俚語如何產生了變化

Here he is on the Radio 4 programme Word of Mouth.

以下是他在 Radio 4 的廣播節目 Word of Mouth 的片段

Slang does have a bad reputation and I would say this comes from its earliest collection, which was of criminal slang in the 1500s in the 16th century,

俚語確實有很糟的名聲，我會說是因為它早期的來源是十六世紀的罪犯用語

and it was associated with bad people, and inevitably that has lingered. But now in the last 40 or 50 years it's changed

且跟壞人有些關連，且不可避免的，(壞名聲) 就被留下來了。但在最近的四、五十年間，情況有所改變。

The definitions tend to stress 'different' and 'jocular', 'funny', 'humorous', 'inventive', that kind of thing.

這些定義往往強調「不同」、「詼諧」、「有趣」、「幽默」及「有創造力」等等。

So we have records of 16th Century slang in collections – or dictionaries. Words used by criminals as a code so they could talk without being understood

所以我們有16世紀的俚語收藏在記錄－或字典中。字詞的使用被罪犯們來說，是一種密碼，以讓他們所講的話不被他人聽懂。

And this bad reputation has lingered – or been slow to disappear.

然後這壞名稱就留下了－或者是很慢才能消失。

Alice: But for the last 50 years we've been using slang to be funny and creative as well as to show belonging to a particular group.

Alice：但是在過去的五十年，我們為了好笑，創意而使用俚語，或是用來表示自己屬於某一群人。

And apparently we're very creative when talking about drinking and being drunk. The slang word booze – meaning 'alcohol' – comes from the 13th Century Dutch word, 'būsen'.

且很顯然地，當我們在談到有關喝酒跟醉酒時，我們會很有創造力。「booze」在俚語中，代表「中，代表「酒精」，源自於十三世紀的德文字「būsen'」

Neil: And there are hundreds of slang expressions to talk about drink and being drunk:

Neil ： 有好幾百個俚語的是用在談論有關喝酒跟醉酒的

'on the sauce', 'in your cups', 'half cut', 'hammered', 'squiffy', 'tipsy', 'wasted', 'legless', and many many more that are far too rude to mention in this programme.

「在醬料中」、「在你的杯子裡」、「切半」、「槌打的」、「爽快的」、「醉酒的」、「浪費的」、「無腿的」，還有很多在這邊提到的話就太粗魯的字。

Alice Yes. So, while these terms might not be strictly acceptable – or appropriate in formal contexts, they aren't offensive

Alice ：是的。所以，這些名詞可能不太能夠完全被接受－或者不太適用於正式的場合中，，但是它們並不會令人不舒服

they are often amusing and help people bond in social groups.

它們常常娛樂了大家，或是幫助人們與社群連結。

Neil: By contrast, swear words or profanity – means 'rude language that offends or upsets people'.

Neil ：反之，髒話或是穢言－意味著「「冒犯人或使人不悅的粗魯語言」

And I'm not going to give any examples because that would be inappropriate and impolite, Alice

我不會給任何的範例，因為這不太適合並且很無禮，Alice

Alice: OK, let's listen now to Jonathan Green and presenter Michael Rosen talking about jargon – another type of in-group language

Alice：好了。讓我們現在來聽聽 Jonathan Green 以及主持人 Michael Rosen 談談有關行話－另外一種群體的語言。

Jargon is what I would call is small 'o' occupational, small 'p' professional. It's closed off environments.

行話就是我稱之為小 O (職業) 跟小 P (專業)。它只出現在特定環境

You get legal jargon, you get naval jargon, I've been reading Patrick O'Brien recently and that's awash with futtock plates and fiddling the decks.

你有法律的行話、你有海軍的行話，我最近一直在讀 Patrick O'Brien（英國作家及翻譯家，描寫拿破崙時代海戰和海軍生活的怒海爭鋒系列小說聞名。）的作品。這小說不斷提到了桅頂支索固定板和錯綜複雜的甲板

MR: This is radio 4 Jonathan, be careful!

MR：Jonathan 這裡是 Radio 4，小心一點

Neil: Jonathan Green in another segment of the BBC Radio 4 programme Word of Mouth.

Neil：Jonathan Green 在 Radio 4 頻道 Word of Mouth 節目的另一個片段

So he says jargon is occupational and professional, meaning people speak it at work, for example, lawyers and sailors.

所以他來說行話是職業級的、專業的，意味著人們會在工作時說，例如：法律人跟海軍。

A futtock plate is, I believe, an iron plate attached to the top of a ship's mast. But I don't know much about this subject.

我相信，桅頂支索固定板是一種鋼鐵的金屬板加裝在加裝在船桅的頂端。但我不太了解這個主題。

Alice: That's the idea, though – jargon is the technical language belonging to a specific group. And to outsiders this jargon is often hard to understand.

Alice：就是這個意思，想想－行話是一種技術性的語言，屬於特定族群。對外行人來說，行話常常是難以理解的。

Neil: Yes and here in the studio I can use all the radio jargon that I like. Look at my faders here, Alice. Going down and up and up and I'm just testing our levels…

Neil：是的 ，在這個播音室裡我可以大講廣播相關的行話。 看看我這邊的化音器，往下、往上、往上，我只是在測試我們的音量

Alice Come on, live the fader alone. It controls the level of sound on a studio deck. Now it's time for the answer to today's quiz question, Neil.

Alice ：好了，別再玩化音器了。 在播音室的控制台上，是用來控制音量大小的。好啦，該是時候來回答今天的小測驗了，Neil

Neil: I asked you: What's Cockney Rhyming Slang for money? Is it… a) bread, b) honey or c) dough?

Neil：讓我問你：什麼是跟錢有關的考克尼押韻俚語？它是... a) 麵包 b) 蜂蜜 或是 c) 生麵團？

Alice And I said a) bread.

Alice：我選 a) 麵包

Neil And you were right, Alice! Cockney Rhyming Slang uses just the first word of a phrase that rhymes with the word we're trying to disguise. So 'money' becomes 'bread and honey' but we just say 'bread'.

Neil：你答對了，Alice！考克尼押韻俚語僅使用我們想要掩飾的字的押韻片語的第一個單字，所以「money」就變成了「bread 跟 honey」，但我們只說「bread」

Alice OK, so let's recap on the words we've learned today. They are:

好了，Alice，讓我們來複習我們今天學到的單字吧。有：

slang, dosh, smacker, Cockney Rhyming Slang, colloquial,

俚語「貨幣」、美元或英鎊，考克尼押韻俚語，口語的

frowned upon, lingered, booze, swear, profanity, jargon

不被看重、留下了、酒精、罵髒話、 不敬的話、行話

Neil: Well, that's the end of today's 6 Minute English. Please join us again soon!

Neil：好了，這就是今天的六分鐘英文的尾聲。快來加入我們吧

Both Bye!

掰掰！