that would later be known as "Bread and Circuses."

羅馬帝國的蓋約·格拉古提出了一項糧食福利政策

Roman landowners had slowly but surely

後來被評為小確幸式的騙票（ bread and circuses）

replaced their workers with cheap slaves from the colonies.

羅馬的地主紛紛頭也不回

This resulted in high unemployment of the Roman population.

將他們的雇工換成了從殖民地抓來的奴隸

As the empire found itself in a situation

這造成了大量的羅馬人失業

where production flourished but the population suffered,

但帝國當局發現其實生產暢旺並未遇到欠收。但人民卻常吃不飽而痛苦不堪

they introduced a policy of free grain and entertainment,

後來他們調整了新的五穀供應政策，才逐漸恢復了穩定

which led to new stability.

將羅馬帝國的地主換成資本家，而奴隸換成機器人

Replace landowners with shareholders

就是你將看到的我們的未來

and slaves with robots,

朋友們,也許您熱愛您的工作

and you will see where we are headed.

工作也許為您帶來社會地位

You, my friend, probably love your job.

但有個簡單的問題，如果問你的工作目的到底做了什麼

It gives you status in society,

也許你會說,

an answer to the favorite small-talk question, "What do you do?"

工作給我一個生活的目標

Maybe you even think it gives you a purpose in life.

不然每個月怎麼有收入進到銀行帳戶

And, if nothing else, it puts some money into your bank account every month.

如果現在有個選擇讓你選

But if you had the choice:

你可以吃下藍色藥丸,

take the blue pill and keep working for your money as you've always done,

然後像以前繼續工作賺錢餬口

or take the red pill and you will never have to work a day in your life again.

或者選擇吃下紅色藥丸,然後你就不必再工作了

What do you do?

您怎麼選?

This is the question we are facing,

這就是我們所面對的問題,工業發展正在逐漸地自動化

as we are increasingly automating our economy.

事實上，機器人將要逐漸取代我們的工作

If the fact that the bots are coming for your job is news to you,

你可以參考我們所介紹的一些新聞主題

I suggest you watch this video by CGP Grey,

建議您看看cgpgrey所提供的影片

one of many that will bring you up to speed.

這些可以幫您逐漸追上這時代將發生的演變

In the simplified economic model,

現在我們先簡介一個單純的經濟模型

there are households, which are people like you,

其中左邊代表著普通勞工

businesses, which are owned by people like you,

就像一般的勞工大眾

and a public sector, or the state.

右邊的企業是資本家營運的企業體

The households provide labor for the businesses

還有中央的公家機關或說是政府

in exchange for an income by the businesses,

左邊來自家戶的勞工提供勞務給企業

which they can pay to the businesses

換取了勞動的收入

in order to receive products and services of the businesses.

這使他們有能力花錢

And everyone pays taxes.

從企業體得到

Enter the Automated Economy.

企業提供的產品或服務

The first thing we need to do to adjust this model

當然了,大家都要繳稅

is cross out the labor connection between households and businesses,

但是進入了自動化經濟系統

because businesses will get their labor from the bots.

首先我們要調整一下這模型

The average Joe won't be working a regular job, through no fault of his own.

先把勞工提供勞務,企業發薪水這兩條線刪掉

He has a good education,

因為企業會開始使用機器人替代人類的勞務

but there is just no field in which he can compete against the best bots out there.

一般人將沒有辦法在普通的職位上卡到位置

We won't be referring to him as "unemployed,"

也不是他的錯

much like we don't refer to most people as "not a movie star"

即使他的學歷不錯

or "not an athlete."

但是仍然無法與精密,不休息的機器人競爭

His situation will be the status quo.

我們姑且不把這叫作是失業

Without an income from businesses

就像我們也不會特別說：你怎麼沒去當明星？

households can't pay taxes,

意即這將會變成普遍的常態

but even worse, can't spend money,

沒有了收入,家戶便沒能力繳稅

thus causing an eventual collapse of the entire system,

更慘的是他們也沒能力花錢了

and we don't want that

這樣造成整個系統將會崩潰

because wealth creation through production and consumption

我們並不希望這樣

is largely responsible for our well-being.

因為經由生產與消費創造的財富才能支撐我們所希望經濟成長

The most widely suggested way to fix the chain at this point

目前最廣為倡議能修正這個問題的最佳的方法就是

is a Universal Basic Income (in short, UBI),

全民基本收入（universal basic income ）

a state-distributed payment to cover your basic needs.

也就是UBI

"Hold on there," you think.

政府發放基本收入給人民以支持人民基本的需求

"This sounds a lot like communism!"

稍等一下,這樣講聽起來好像共產主義

It's not. Bear with me.

並不是的,聽我說

The elephant in the room is,

面對事實,把話說開

where does the state get enough money

政府哪裡有足夠的錢來支付每個人每個月的收入

to pay every citizen a monthly income?

共產主義的作法是

In a communistic system,

政府來當老闆營運所有的生產

the answer would be the state just owns all production.

資本主義國家的自動化經濟體制則不是

But in a capitalistic Automated Economy,

任何人都可以成立公司發展企業

not so!

政府則透過稅收來取得資金

Anyone can start and own a business,

回到我們剛才的模型

and the state will have to get its share through taxes.

你認為誰會是自動化經濟最大的受益者

With that in mind,

你可能會感到興奮的說,是一般家戶的人民

let's go back to our model.

因為一般家戶的人民可以無償得到收入

Who do you think has been

其實這個發放的收入

the greatest beneficiary of automation so far?

根本就是他們以前還有工作時所得到的薪水

You might be inclined to say,

所以現在不用工作了還能得到收入看起來確實是很大的優勢

"The households! Because they get free money!"

但是其實最大的贏家不只是他們

But that 'free money' is really just a replacement

在這系統中最大贏家是誰？答案是企業主

for what they've gotten before when there were still jobs to do.

因為他們不用再支付薪水給員工

So getting it without work sure is an advantage,

注意！這對企業主來說是一筆大錢

but they aren't the biggest winners in this new system.

大多數企業目前最大的費用往往就是人力費用

The correct answer is: the businesses.

現在好了,這筆錢安了

They won't have to pay any employees anymore, remember?

這就是為何無論以前或者現今的經濟系統

This saves them a fortune.

都不斷地將想把自動化比重提高

A business's largest expense by far

從兩件事能明顯看出

is usually people.

企業的錢越來越多了

All this money is now saved.

收入的差距也越來越高了

That's why under the old,

因為企業裡分錢的人也越來越少了

or rather current, system

這些也都是今天我們常看到的事

a gradual move towards more automation results in two things:

所以在自動化經濟時代下的政府

a buildup in a business's cash reserves,

會需要對企業的高獲利徵收較高的稅率

and a growing income gap

如此系統的運作才會合理而科學

as ever-more wealth is distributed

最重要的如果我們有正確的政策

among fewer employees,

則大家皆贏

things which we can already observe today.

企業家與資本家依然有高獲利

So that's why in a capitalistic Automated Economy,

人民也能得到隨之提高的

there will simply have to be a higher tax on company profits.

UBI

And the entire system is financed.

這對各方都是很合理的

And the best thing is,

因為整個系統都已經提昇了效率

if we play our cards right,

由於我們的勞務都已經交給了自動化吃電的機器人

everybody wins!

而不再是一週只能幹40小時的猴子（老闆眼中的你）

Shareholders of the businesses still end up with higher profits,

這些機器人一週能幹168小時

and citizens can live on a steadily increasing UBI.

不吃不喝不睡,不罷工,不犯錯

And it makes sense that everyone wins,

你可以買到不錯的房子

because the entire system has become so much more efficient.

這是機器人幫你設計建造的

We have an automated workforce that runs on electricity cost.

你可以買到一些不錯的產品,

Instead of monkeys working an average 40-hour week,

這也是機器人製造的

the bots are now running the show

這些都是因為你有全民基本收入的支撐

at 168 hours per week.

當GDP增長時代表著經濟狀況也好轉

They don't get sleepy,

而你的UBI收入也將隨著提高

they don't need breaks,

而你的資產也跟著改善

and they make way fewer mistakes.

這是一個簡化的模型示意圖

You can live in a nice place,

整個模型當然包含了增值稅

which is designed and built by bots,

儲蓄與貿易,而這些我們下次再談

and buy some of the products you like,

不過只要這裡的核心穩固了

which are manufactured by bots.

其他的枝節也能隨之運行

All that you can do on your basic income.

既然我們知道這是我們的目標

And as GDP grows, meaning economic output simply increases,

我們必須找到一條通往這目標的路

your UBI gets higher and your property gets better.

這樣的轉變不會一夜完成

That's a simplified model.

這可能將花上許多年的時間

The complete model,

我們在工業化的過程中

which includes value-added taxes and savings and trade,

總出現一些缺陷,我們應記取教訓避免這些

is a story for another time.

所以我們應該將正確的機制做到位

But when the heat is in place, the rest of the body can work.

使之順利的轉移

Once we know the destination,

其中一個建議的機制可以運用

we need to find a way to get there.

企業的自動化指標

This transition isn't going to happen overnight,

這想法的自動化指標雖然還是假設式

but gradually over many years.

但是我們來解釋一下該如何做

The transition to industrialization had its downsides,

自動化指標衡量一個企業在各時段內自動化進展的程度

and we should try to avoid such.

在這裡將有兩個指標

So we need to put in place the right mechanics for it to be smooth.

企業自動化指標 即 BAI

One such mechanism could be using automation indices.

以及國家自動化指標 即 NAI

This idea is still completely hypothetical,

BAI指標著

but here is how it works.

一個企業的自動化程度

Automation indices measure the level of automation

用於計算他們需要繳的稅

some organization has reached over time.

舉例來說,一個企業自動化指標達到一,

There would be two of them:

代表其完全自動化

a business automation index (in short BAI),

因此其稅率為最高稅率

and a national automation index (in short NAI).

其算法為企業原本需要繳交的企業稅款

The BAI determines how much automation

加上100%的自動化稅

a particular company has reached,

以此類推,某企業的BAI為0.5

and is used to calculate the taxes they have to pay.

代表其自動化程度已經達到一半

For example, a company with a BAI of 1

所以他必須繳納中等的稅率等級

has reached complete automation

即原本的公司稅

and falls into the highest tax bracket

加上50%的自動化稅

of a corporate base tax,

沒錯！你會問到底該怎麼計算一個企業的BAI?

which is simply today's corporate tax

我知道你不想聽到,但是我必須說

plus 100 percent of an automation tax,

計算BAI是另一個議題,我們找時間再談

which is around the same.

現在我只能告訴你,所有計算BAI所需的數據

A company with a BAI of 0.5

都已經在你公司現在的財務報表裡頭了

has reached half its automation potential

此外,國家自動化指標呢?

and falls into a medium tax bracket,

NAI是由全國企業的BAI加權加總平均得來的

of a corporate base tax

以全國企業統計的數據來衡量國家整體的自動化程度

plus another 50 percent of the automation tax rate.

用以調整年度全民基本收入水準

"Great!" you think.

運用這樣的機制

"But how on Earth do you calculate, or determine, the BAI for a specific company?"

政府從今天就可以開始發放全民基本收入了

I know you will hate to hear this,

也許一開始發放的金額會很低

but that is also a story for another time.

這是因為即使是發達國家,目前依然沿用著舊有的經濟體制。

All I can tell you is that everything that's needed to calculate the BAI

但是即使是每個月只發一千五百元

can already be found in a company's financial statements today.

都算是建立起新經濟模式轉變的基石

What about the national automation index?

而一旦這機制到位了,整個國家的經濟將會很快的進展

The NAI is calculated using

從這裡到那裡

a weighted average of all the BAIs

感謝您的收看,若您看完了整片

of a country's businesses

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to determine the automation of the national economy as a whole.

製作這影片花了我很多時間

It is used to adjust the Universal Basic Income on a yearly basis.

有您的支持將鼓勵我提高未來影片的品質與產量

Using such mechanics,

正體中文由Robotic Socialism協助翻譯 臉書搜尋Robotic Socialism 敬請支持

countries could pay a Universal Income starting today.

It would start out very low,

as even our most advanced economies

are still caught up in old structures.

But even at 50 dollars a month,

we would have set the first cornerstone for our transition.

And once the mechanics are in place,

countries should be racing to get from here to there.

Thanks for watching!

If you've watched this entire video,

you might think about supporting me on Patreon.

Creating these videos has become

a very time-consuming hobby of mine,

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