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In today's video we're going to look at the difference between the prepositions:

在今天'的視頻中，我們'要看看介詞之間的區別。

"over", "above", "on", and "on top of".

Now, in many cases you will find or you will hear native English speakers mixing these up.

現在，在很多情況下，你會發現或你會聽到以英語為母語的人把這些混在一起。

They're... In some cases they're interchangeable.

它們...在某些情況下，他們'是可以互換的。

If you use "over" or "above" or "on", everybody will understand you, the idea will be clear,

如果你用"over"或"over"或"over"或"over"或"over"或"over"或"over"或"over"。

the image of the situation will be clear, but there are certain situations where you

的形象會很清晰，但在某些情況下，你會

must use one or the other.

必須使用一個或另一個。

So, we're going to look at all of these and I'm going to give you the specifics, and then

所以，我們'要看看所有這些，我'要給你的具體細節，然後。

I'm going to give you some more sample sentences to see where they can be interchangeable and

我'再給大家舉一些例句，看看它們在哪些地方可以互換和

where they can't.

在他們不能的地方'。

Okay?

好嗎？

So: "over", when do we use "over"?

那麼："over"，我們什麼時候用"over"？

So, first of all, all of these prepositions talk about a higher position.

所以，首先，這些介詞都是在說一個更高的位置。

When we use "over" we're generally speaking about the movement of something higher.

當我們使用"over"時，我們'一般說的是更高的東西的運動。

Right?

對吧？

So: "The clouds moved over the city."

於是："雲移城上&quot。

What does this mean?

這意味著什麼？

It doesn't mean that the clouds came and then just stayed there.

這並不意味著雲彩來了，然後就留在那裡。

No.

不知道

"Over" means they came and they passed, and they kept going. Right?

"Over"意思是他們來了，他們過去了，他們一直在走。對不對？

So we always have that idea of movement when we're talking about "over".

所以我們在談論"over"的時候，我們總是有這種運動的想法。

The sheep jumped over the fence.

羊群跳過了柵欄。

They didn't jump above the fence, because then they would just be stuck there.

他們沒有'跳到柵欄上面，因為那樣他們就會被困在那裡。

There's the fence, there's above, the sheep is in the middle of the air.

有'的柵欄，有'的上面，羊在半空中。

Sounds a little bit strange.

聽起來有點奇怪。

So they jumped over the fence, with movement.

於是他們跳過了圍牆，有了動作。

We use "over" with numbers.

我們用"過"與數字。

Basically, it means more than, but we use it specifically with numbers.

基本上，它的意思是比，但我們專門用它與數字。

I think you got my message there.

我想你明白我的意思了

I'm going to have dirty fingers later, but that's okay.

我'以後手指會很髒，但沒關係。

There's soap.

有肥皂。

More than.

比。

"Over 100 people came to the party."

"100餘人前來參加聚會。

Means more than 100 people came to the party.

意味著有100多人來參加聚會。

So, sometimes you'll see something like this: "100+" it just basically means "over", or:

所以，有時你'會看到這樣的東西："100+"它只是基本上意味著"超過"，或者。

"100+ people came".

"100多人來了"。

We use this with numbers.

我們用這個來處理數字。

"Cover".

"蓋"。

"To cover something" means to put something on top of, but it doesn't necessarily have

覆蓋某物"的意思是把某物放在上面，但它不一定有'。

to be one on top of the other.

以為是一個頂一個。

It just means to cover, to put some sort of protection on something.

它的意思就是覆蓋，對某物進行某種保護。

So: "Put a hand over your mouth when you cough."

所以："咳嗽時用手捂住嘴&quot。

[Coughs] That's my pen thing.

那是我的筆。

Okay.

好吧，我知道了

Prefix.

前綴：

We also use "over" as a prefix with nouns, adjectives, or verbs sometimes to, again,

我們也用"over"作為名詞、形容詞或動詞的前綴有時也會用到，再次。

it's...

這...

The idea is more than, but it's also in terms of the verb it means extra, beyond what is

意思是比，但它's也在動詞方面它的意思是額外的，超越了什麼。

normal or beyond what is necessary.

正常或超出必要的範圍。

So, if someone is "overweight" means they have too much weight.

所以，如果一個人"超重"意味著他們有太多的體重。

Okay? Obese.

好嗎？肥胖。

Not necessarily obese.

不一定是肥胖。

Obese is even more overweight than overweight, but again, not thin.

肥胖比超重還超重，但又不瘦。

To "overestimate", so you have to guess a certain level of something.

要"高估"，所以你要猜到一定程度的東西。

So I think there will be 100 people at my party, but I overestimated.

所以我想我的聚會會有100人，但我高估了。

What does that mean?

這意味著什麼？

It means that only 75 people came, so I guessed too far.

意思是隻有75個人來，所以我猜得太遠了。

I reached too far with my guess.

我猜得太遠了

"Override" basically means take control of.

"Override"基本上是指控制的意思。

So if I...

所以如果我...

If a system, whatever system we're looking at is controlled by a computer, I can override

如果一個系統，不管是什麼系統，我們正在尋找的是由計算機控制，我可以覆蓋。

the computer, I can basically put my power over the computer's power-higher than, stronger

電腦，我基本上可以把我的權力比電腦的權力高，比，強。

than-and I can take control of the system.

比--我可以控制這個系統。

"Overzealous", too much zealous.

"Overzealous"，過於熱心。

So, another way to think of it is "too".

所以，另一種說法是"太"。

"Zealous" means like eager, really wanting to do, really have a very focused motivation

"Zealous"意思是像急切的，真的很想做，真的有很專注的動力。

for something.

的東西。

If you're overzealous, you have too much of this thing, above the normal level.

如果你'熱心過頭了，你這個東西太多，超過了正常水準。

So, now, speaking of the normal level: "above".

所以，現在，說到正常水準："以上"。

Two...

二...

Two ways to use this.

兩種使用方法。

One is, of course, in terms of like physical relationship.

當然，一個是在喜歡物理關係方面。

Something is higher in relation to something else.

某物相對於其他事物來說是較高的。

But generally it is on the same plane.

但一般都是在同一個平面上。

Now, what does "plane" mean?

現在，"平面"是什麼意思？

In terms of space, something is on a same line I guess you could say.

從空間上來說，有些東西是在同一條線上的，我想你可以說。

Right? If you have a wall, so something is above something on the wall.

對不對？如果你有一堵牆，所以東西在牆上的東西上面。

So, "over" is listed above "above" because they're on a flat plane, on the flat whiteboard,

所以，"over"被列在"之上"，因為他們'在一個平面上，在平面白板上。

one is higher than the other.

一個比一個高。

Now, if we go back to the clouds: "The clouds lingered above the city."

現在，如果我們再去看雲："雲在城市上空徘徊&quot。

"Lingered" means basically hung around or stayed for a little while.

"Lingered"的意思是基本上是在附近逗留或停留了一段時間。

So here came the clouds.

於是，雲朵來了。

Everybody thought the clouds would go over the city, but the clouds came and then they

大家都以為雲彩會從城市上空走過，但云彩來了之後就

just sort of lingered above the city.

只是有點徘徊在城市上空。

Here is the city, here are the clouds.

這裡是城市，這裡是雲朵。

They're on the same plane, on the same general area of space.

他們'在同一個平面上，在同一個空間的一般區域。

One is higher than the other.

一個比一個高。

So that's the most common use of "above".

所以這就是"以上"的最常見用法。

We also use "above" when we refer to a higher position than a reference point.

當我們指的是比參考點更高的位置時，我們也使用"上面"。

Now, what is a "reference point"?

現在，什麼是"參考點"？

Means the point by which we compare everything to or that we relate everything to.

指我們將一切事物與之相比較的點，或者說我們將一切事物與之相聯繫的點。

So, if we talk about average...

所以，如果我們談論平均... ...

Okay?

好嗎？

Let's say we're talking about the house prices in the city.

比方說我們'說的是城市的房價。

The average house price is half a million dollars.

平均房價是50萬元。

Okay?

好嗎？

We look at all the houses that have been sold in the last little while, the most, the least,

我們看一下最近一段時間賣的房子，最多的，最少的。

etc., we add them all together, divide by how many houses, and that's your average.

等，我們把它們加在一起，除以多少房子，這就是你的平均水平'。

So from this average if a house is selling for 700,000, it is above average price, above

所以從這個平均值來看，如果一套房子賣70萬，就高於均價，高於

average cost.

平均費用：

If it's selling for 300,000, it's below average.

如果它'賣30萬，就低於平均水平了。

We're going to look at "below" in another lesson.

我們'要在另一節課上看"下面"。

Okay?

好嗎？

"Above average", "above freezing".

"高於平均水平"，"高於冰點"。

Now, "freezing" basically means zero degrees.

現在，"凍結"基本上意味著零度。

So although zero is a number, it's not the same as this number.

所以零雖然是一個數字，但它和這個數字是不一樣的'。

It's a point, a point on a scale, a temperature scale.

它'是一個點，一個刻度上的點，一個溫度刻度。

Zero is freezing, then plus one, plus two degrees, minus one, minus two degrees.

零點是冰點，那麼加一，加兩度，減一，減兩度。

Celsius, of course, I'm talking about.

攝氏度，當然，我'說的是。

"Above expectations".

"高於預期"。

So, for example, I hire you to work for me.

所以，比如說，我僱傭你為我工作。

I'm the boss.

我是老闆

I have certain expectations.

我有一定的期望。

This is where I expect you to work or certain standards.

這是我期望你工作或某些標準的地方。

If you work at this level, more than I expected, then you have gone above expectations.

如果你的工作達到這個水準，超過了我的預期，那麼你已經超出了預期。

Okay? And I'm very happy about that, of course.

好嗎？當然，我也很高興。

Lastly, we have "on" or "on top of".

最後，我們有"on"或"on top of"。

"On"...

On"...

They're basically more the same.

他們'基本上比較相同。

"On top of" is on, on something usually.

"On top of"是在，在某件事上通常。

Okay?

好嗎？

We talk about in relation to something, so you're always going to have an object, but

我們談論的是與某物的關係，所以你'總是會有一個對象，但。

most commonly you have a surface.

最常見的是你有一個表面。

Okay?

好嗎？

So put the books...

所以把書...

"Put the book on the table."

"把書放在桌子上.&quot。

Here's a table, put the book on it.

這裡有一張桌子，把書放在上面。

Okay?

好嗎？

Now, if I have a table and I have some books on it:

現在，如果我有一張桌子，上面有一些書。

"Put the books on top of the books on the table."

"把書本放在桌子上的書本上面&quot。

So I'm not going to use "on, on" twice.

所以我'不會用"上，上"兩次。

I'm not going to use "on" twice to relate to something.

我'不會用"on"兩次來聯繫一些事情。

I'll use "on" for one, I'll use "on top of" for the other.

我'會用"on"來表示一個，我'會用"on top of"來表示另一個。

And "on top of" usually has the idea of touching.

而"on top of"通常有觸摸的意思。

So something is touching something else, but it's higher than it.

所以，有些東西在接觸別的東西，但它'比它高。

"Above" there's space, "on" usually no space or "on top of" there's no space.

"上面"有'的空間，"上"通常沒有空間或"上面"沒有空間。

Okay?

好嗎？

So, again, these are the specifics.

所以，這些又是具體的內容。

Now we're going to look at a few sample sentences to see where they're sometimes interchangeable,

現在我們'要看幾個例句，看看它們有時在哪裡可以互換。

where you can use one or the other and get the same meaning.

在這裡，你可以使用一個或另一個，並得到相同的意義。

Okay, so we're going to...

好了，我們要... ...

We're going to look at a couple of sentences, or three sentences actually to show you that

我們'要看幾個句子，或者三個句子其實是給你看的。

sometimes they are interchangeable.

有時它們是可以互換的。

So, you have a little fireplace where in the winter you have a nice fire,

所以，你有一個小壁爐，在冬天你有一個漂亮的火。

you have a nice painting.

你有一幅漂亮的畫。

"Let's hang the painting over the fireplace.",

"讓我們'把畫掛在壁爐上吧"。

"Let's hang the painting above the fireplace."

"讓我們'把畫掛在壁爐上面吧！&quot。

In this case both would be acceptable.

在這種情況下，兩者都可以接受。

People use either one interchangeably.

人們交替使用其中一種。

The idea is very clear.

思想非常明確。

Now, technically, "over" there's nothing moving, but we use "over" to mean when two things

現在，從技術上講，"over"沒有任何東西在動，但我們用"over"來表示當兩件事

are very related and stationary as well.

是非常相關的，也是靜止的。

Do you want to use it?

你想用它嗎？

That's up to you.

那就看你自己了。

If you don't, "above" is okay.

如果你不'，"以上"也可以。

Keep in mind people do use "over" regularly in these situations, and therefore it's acceptable.

請記住，人們確實在這些情況下經常使用"over"，是以它'是可以接受的。

Okay.

好吧，我知道了

"Can you please put a blanket over my legs?"

"你能不能給我的腿蓋上一條毯子?

I'm lying down, I'm cold.

我'躺下了，我很冷。

Can you put a blanket over my legs?

你能給我蓋條毯子嗎？

Means cover.

意味著掩護。

So we said, like, cover your hand when you cough.

所以我們說，比如，咳嗽的時候要捂住手。

Cover my legs.

掩護我的腿。

Same idea.

同樣的想法。

Or: "Put them on my legs".

或者："把它們放在我的腿上"。

So I'm lying down, just put it on top.

所以我'躺著，就把它放在上面。

Okay? Now, I just want to show you another use of "on top of", a very common expression:

好嗎？現在，我只想給大家展示一下"on top of"的另一種用法，一種很常見的表達方式。

"On top of all my other problems, I have a new boss to deal with."

"在我所有的其他問題之外，我還有一個新的老闆要處理.&quot。

So now technically there's no thing here.

所以現在技術上來說，這裡沒有什麼東西。

A problem is an abstract noun, it's just an idea.

問題是一個抽象的名詞，它只是一個想法。

But you can stack things, one on top of the other.

但你可以把東西疊起來，一個疊一個。

So when you have a pile, one goes on top of the other, you can do this with imaginary

所以當你有一堆東西，一個放在另一個上面的時候，你可以用虛的

things as well.

的東西以及。

Another way to think of this:

另一種思考方式。

"In addition to all my other problems, I have another one."

"除了我的所有其他問題，我還有另一個問題.&quot。

But we use this very commonly because it's like my problems are stacking up.

但是我們很常用這個，因為這就像我的問題在堆積。

Okay? But the same idea, something on top of something else, touching.

好嗎？但同樣的想法，在別的東西上面的東西，觸摸。

Touching, making a pile.

摸，做堆。

Okay?

好嗎？

So that's basically it.

所以基本上就是這樣了。

So, more or less...

所以，或多或少...

Again, if you sometimes mix them up, don't worry about it.

同樣，如果你有時把它們混在一起，也不要擔心。

Whoever you're speaking to or writing to will understand you most likely.

不管你和誰說話或寫信，誰都很可能理解你。

However, certain situations need the specific preposition that they need based on what we

然而，某些情況下，需要根據我們所需要的特定的介詞。

looked at just a while ago.

剛才看了一下。

So practice these, get comfortable with them, and use them as you would.

所以，練習這些，熟悉它們，並像你一樣使用它們。

So, I hope this was all clear and I hope you enjoyed this lesson.

所以，我希望這一切都很清楚，希望你喜歡這堂課。

If you did, please subscribe to my YouTube channel if you haven't already.

如果你有，請訂閱我的YouTube頻道，如果你還沒有'；。

If you have any questions, go to www.engvid.com and join the forum.

如果你有什麼問題，可以到www.engvid.com，加入論壇。

I will be happy to answer your...

我很樂意回答你的...

All your questions there.

你所有的問題都在這裡。

There's also a quiz testing your knowledge of "over", "above", "on", "on top of".

還有'的測驗，測試你對"over"、"over"、"over"、"on"、"on top of"的認識。

And, of course, come back again soon, watch our next videos, and enjoy.

當然，很快還會再來，看我們接下來的視頻，享受吧。

Bye.

掰掰