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  • Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.

    Hi!歡迎來到 www.engvid.com,我是 Adam

  • In today's lesson we're going to look at a bit of business writing,

    在今天的課程中,我們將要來看商業寫作

  • and more specifically, we're going to look at abbreviations and acronyms.

    具體來說,我們要看的是縮寫以及首字母縮略字

  • But before I even start, I want you to understand that a lot of what you're going to see today

    在開始之前,我希望你們明白今天即將學到的東西

  • applies in many situations outside of business, but I'll explain those when we get to them.

    不僅能夠應用在商業,還適用於其他的領域,等一下我會做進一步的解釋

  • So, first of all: What's the difference between an abbreviation and an acronym?

    首先:縮寫和首字母縮略字的差別在哪裡?

  • An "abbreviation" is a shortening of a word. Okay? It's one word that we cut out a bunch of letters and

    「縮寫」是將一個字縮短,懂嗎?我們將一個字裡的許多字母剔除,

  • we make it shorter. So, for example, the abbreviation of the word "abbreviation" is "abbr." Okay?

    將其變短,例如「abbreviation」的縮寫為「abbr.」

  • "Acronyms", on the other hand, are basically initials.

    另一方面「首字母縮略字」基本上就是詞首的首字母

  • Initials means the first letter

    也就是每個字

  • of each word. And initials we usually use with people's names, like John Smith, his

    的第一個字母,通常我們用在人名,例如 John Smith 的首字母是

  • initials are JS. But when we want to take a bunch of words and we don't want to write

    JS ,當需要用到很多字卻又不想全部寫下來的時候,

  • all these words, we just want to make something short, but it has to be understood by basically

    我們要將其簡化,同時必須兼顧任何人在閱讀時都能夠理解,

  • whoever is going to read it, then we're going to use acronyms. Okay?

    那麼就必需使用首字母縮略字,明白了嗎?

  • So, let's start with the abbreviations, and in terms of business. Now, especially when

    讓我們以商業的角度來介紹縮寫字,以下的

  • we're writing, either a letter by hand like on paper or an email, these are very common.

    縮寫字常常會出現在我們手寫或撰寫電郵商業信件時

  • "Attn:" means: Who are you writing to? So, "attention".

    「Attn:」的意思是:你寫信的對象,因此「attention」,

  • Whose attention are you trying to get with this letter? "Re:" means "regarding",

    你希望誰能夠關注這封信?「Re:」的意思是「關於」,

  • means: About what? Now, a lot of people might

    指的是這封信的內容與什麼有關?很多人誤以為

  • think that "re:" in an email means "reply", it doesn't. "Re:" in an email or a letter

    「re:」在電郵裡代表「回覆」,但其實不是 ,「Re:」在電郵或一封信裡

  • always means "regarding". What is the topic of the conversation? So, you know in the email

    總是「關於」的意思,對話的主題是什麼?因此你知道在電子郵件的欄位

  • bar it has "re:", what are you talking about when you reply to somebody? The topic. Okay?

    上看到「re:」,你就知道回覆對方時的主題是什麼了,這樣明白了嗎?

  • Next, when we end our letter, we should say who we are and what our position is in the

    接下來,當我們要結束信件時,無論你是助理或是董事,

  • company. So, whether you're the Assistant or the Director, you can write: "Asst.", "Dir."

    都必須表明身分和在公司裡的職位,你可以寫「Asst.」,「Dir.」

  • or "Director", or Manager: "Mgr." Notice that all three of them have a capital. So, it doesn't

    或「Director」,「Manager」或「Mgr.」,請注意這三個職務都有大寫字首

  • matter if you're using the full word or an abbreviation, you still have to capitalize

    因此無論你使用完整的字或是縮寫字,你仍然需要以大寫字母寫

  • the title of a position, or the title of the person's place in the company. Okay? So, if

    下職務頭銜,或是在公司裡的職位,懂嗎?

  • you're the Assistant Director, you write: "Asst. Dir."

    如果你是副董事,就是「Asst. Dir.」

  • Now, you're wondering why there's no dot here, and there is a dot there. There's a few ways

    如果你不知道什麼時候加上一點,什麼時候不加,有幾個方法

  • to figure out which one to use, yes or no on the dot. Firstly, the more you read and

    可以幫助你了解,首先,當你閱讀的越多

  • the more you engage in this sort of writing, you will just see: What is the most common

    越頻繁地從事商業寫作,你就會自然而然地發現最常使用的方法

  • approach? But another way is a style guide. You can use The Chicago Manual of Style, that's

    是什麼,另一個方法是參考寫作指南,你可以參考「芝加哥格式手冊」,在一般用途上,它是

  • the most common one for general purposes. Or if your company has its own style guide

    被廣泛應用的,如果你的公司有專屬的寫作指南或

  • or a style sheet, look at it to see if they want a dot or they don't want the dot. It's

    樣式,參考並確認需不需要加上一點

  • really a personal choice of the company's. Okay?

    這其實是公司的個別選擇,好嗎?

  • So, now, the main thing we have to consider is when we're writing something from the company,

    因此我們首要考慮的是當在替公司寫信時,

  • we're writing it on company stationery. So, the company has pages with a letterhead. It

    我們是寫在公司信紙上,信紙上有信籤,

  • means all the information is already at the top; the name, the logo, the address, etc.

    也就是說在上面附有所有的資訊;公司的名稱、商標、地址等等

  • So, all of this stuff might already be included, for example: which department, which building

    以下訊息也許會包含在地址內,像是你的部門,

  • you're in, for example, in the address. We always like to take shortcuts, and we don't

    你所在的建築物名稱,我們習慣將事情簡化,不想要寫下所有

  • want to write everything. Write it short. "dept." is enough. Everybody knows "dept."

    的東西,部門的縮寫「dept.」就足以代表了,每個人都知道「dept.」

  • means department. Building is building: "bldg." because we just want to shorten everything.

    即是部門的意思,建築物的縮寫是:「bldg」因為我們就是想要縮短所有的東西

  • The less, the better. When you end it, you're writing your name, and underneath: Who are

    越少越好,當做結尾時,你署名,在名字下註明:你是誰?

  • you? Like, okay, I know your name, but who are you in terms of the company? So, you're

    也就是說,我知道你的名字,但是在公司裡你是?因此寫下的是你

  • writing your position. Now, you can see all this stuff on business cards, letterheads, etc.

    的職位,在名片和信籤上都可以看到這些縮寫

  • So, next, let's look at acronyms. So, if you watched Rebecca's lesson on business acronyms,

    接下來,我們要看的是首字母縮略字,如果你看過 Rebecca 的商用首字母縮略字課程,

  • you heard about Chief Executive Officer, "CEO", this is the boss of the company, he runs or

    你就會知道首席執行長,「CEO」,代表是公司的老闆,他/她掌管

  • she runs the whole company. Everybody answers to him or her. So, "CO" basically means Chief

    整間公司的營運,每個人都對他/她負責,「Co」代表

  • Officer, "Executive" means of the whole company, but then you have different departments or

    首席官員,「Executive」代表整間公司,不過公司裡有不同的部門

  • different areas of the company. "CFO", Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer,

    和區域,「CFO」, 首席財務長、首席營運長、

  • Chief Information Officer, and then there's many other ones that you can use.

    首席資訊長,你還可以看到很多其他的例子

  • So, now we're going to look at some more acronyms. One thing to remember: Acronyms always use

    現在我們要看更多的首字母縮略字,要記得一件事:首字母縮略字

  • capital letters. Even if you don't need capitals in the extended version, the acronym will

    總是使用大寫字母,即使原字不需要以大寫字母代表,在以縮略字代表時

  • always be capital letters. "ETA", estimated time of arrival. So, you call a delivery person

    一定是大寫,「ETA」,預計抵達時間,當你打電話給送貨員

  • or you call a client and you want to inform them or you want to find out when the product

    或客戶,你想通知他們或是查明貨物

  • will arrive, so you say... I call Amazon, my book hasn't arrived yet, and I say:

    送達的時間,好比⋯⋯我打給 Amazon 說我的書還沒送到,我會說:

  • "What's the ETA on my book?" And they write back: "Oh, it will be there sometime next week."

    「請問我購買的書籍預計抵達時間為何?」他們回覆:「噢,書將在下週送達」

  • Or I need to contact somebody and get some things done, and I call the local place, and

    或是當我需要連絡某人好完成一些事情,而我打電話過去,他們說:

  • they say: "Oh, sorry, we can't help you. You have to call HQ." Headquarters, the main office.

    「噢,真抱歉,我們無法幫助你,你必須致電 HQ 」,也就是總部辦公室

  • It will probably be capitalized even in the extension, but not the "q", notice, because it's one word.

    HQ 的原字也可能以大寫呈現,但是「q」不會是大寫,請注意,因為 headquarter 是一個字

  • "MSRP". So, now, when we're talking about big ticket items, like cars, computers, appliances,

    「MSRP」,當談論到大件物品像是車子、電腦和電器用品,

  • then we want to know how much it costs. So, what you are paying the store might not necessarily

    我們想知道價格,你付給店家的價格不一定是

  • be the MSRP, because the stores want to make it more competitive.

    建議售價,因為商家希望提供更有競爭力的價格

  • The MSRP is the manufacturer's suggested retail price.

    建議售價是製造商的建議零售價

  • So, the company that made the product tells the stores and tells

    製造商告知店家及經銷商:

  • the distributors: "Oh, you should sell this for $100." Okay? That's what it's... That's

    「你們應該將這個標價 100 元」,這是它⋯⋯這是你可以

  • what you can get for it. But then the stores, they want to compete with other stores, so

    獲得的利潤,但是對於店家來說,他們要和對手競爭,因此

  • they go: "We will beat the MSRP by 10%. We will go under the manufacturer's price." Okay?

    提出的策略是:「我們比建議售價再便宜一成,價格優於製造商」,好嗎?

  • POS”, point of sale. So then you go into a store, you find the product you like, you

    「POS」,銷售點,當你進入商店,找到你喜歡的商品,你

  • want to go pay for it. The cash register, the machine where you actually pay or put

    要付錢,收銀機,也就是你付款刷卡的機器

  • your card, or whatever, that's called the POS, the point of sale. Okay? "SOP", so now

    就稱為 POS ,銷售點,可以嗎?「SOP」,當你現在

  • you've bought your product, you take it home, and you try to use it and realize:

    已經購買了商品,帶回家試用後發現:

  • "You know what? This is not really good. This is not what I paid for." So you call the company,

    「你知道嗎?這其實不太好用,不值得購買,你致電公司,

  • you say: "I want to return this. Can I just take it back to the store?" And the person

    並說「我想要退貨,可以直接拿回去店面嗎?」,客服人員回答:

  • on the phone says: "No, I'm sorry, sir, that's not our SOP. You have to do it this steps.

    「很抱歉先生,這不符合我們的標準作業程序,請您依照以下步驟

  • You have to go A, B, C, and then get back to HQ." "SOP", standard operating procedure.

    首先是 A , B , C ,最後才是總部」,「SOP」,標準作業程序

  • Basically: How do we do this? How is it done? How is the...? What is the policy?

    就是:我們如何做?這要怎麼完成?這是要⋯⋯?策略是?

  • Now, you're working at the store and you get your paycheque, and on your paycheque it shows

    你工作並拿到薪資支票,在支票上可以看到

  • how much this cheque is for, what is your pay for this term, maybe two weeks, one month,

    金額,這段時間你的工資,或許是兩個禮拜,一個月,

  • etc. And next to it, it will say "year-to-date". How much have you received so far from the

    等等,其次你會看到「year-to-date」,從本會計年度的年初至今

  • beginning of the fiscal year until now? "Year-to-date". But notice that we have the hyphens, so technically,

    你獲得了多少薪資?「Year-to-date」,但是請注意,我們使用了連字號,所以基本上

  • this is like one word, but we still have an acronym for it. Year-to-date. Then you take

    這像是一個字,它的字母縮略字為YTD,這之後

  • all your financial information, and you go talk to your CPA about doing your taxes, for

    你帶著所有財務資訊和你的 CPA 討論稅務,也就是

  • example. Your Chartered Public Accountant. This is an accountant who is recognized by

    註冊會計師,一個政府認證的會計師,

  • the government, he... He or she has a license, and they can sign off and do your taxes, personal

    他或她擁有執照,被授權處理私人

  • or corporate, etc.

    或是公司的稅務等等

  • Now, the thing to remember is that a lot of this stuff is not only used in business. People

    我們要記得這些字並不僅限於商業用途

  • use ETA all the time. So, especially when we're texting because, you know, texting uses

    人們經常使用 ETA ,特別是傳簡訊時,會用到

  • a lot of acronyms, a lot of abbreviations because people don't like to type too much.

    許多的首字母縮略字和縮寫字,畢竟沒有人喜歡打一堆訊息

  • So I'm typing my friend, he's supposed to come over for... To hang out tonight, and

    當我在和我朋友傳訊時,他本來要來找我⋯⋯在今晚出去玩,

  • he didn't come, he hasn't come yet. So I say: "Hey. What's your ETA?" I don't write:

    然而他沒來,還沒來 ,所以我傳訊息問:「喂,你的 ETA ?」我不會傳:

  • "When do you think you will show up?" I say: "What's your ETA?"

    「你究竟幾點才會到啊?」我會說:「你的 ETA ?」

  • And he understands estimated time

    他就會明白我要問他抵達的時間:

  • of arrival: When are you coming? When will you be here? Okay? "SOP" is another one we

    你哪時要來?你的抵達時間?懂了嗎?「SOP」也是我們

  • use in many situations. The "SOP" means how something is done. And again, all of these

    一般很經常用到的,「SOP」代表一件事是如何完成的

  • are used for addresses, for business situations, for non-business situations, etc. So it's

    這些都被使用於對話,無論是商業性質或非商業性質

  • important to learn these. And again, the more you actually get involved in writing and reading

    因此學習這些是非常重要的 你越是頻繁地學習將這些字應用於商業性的寫作或閱讀

  • business situations or other situations, you will see these all the time and eventually

    情況當中,最終你就會因為老是看到它們而記得

  • you will remember how to use them. Okay?

    要如何使用它們了,好嗎?

  • So, I hope this was pretty clear.

    我希望我的解釋是能夠讓你們明白的

  • If you enjoyed this lesson, please subscribe to my YouTube channel.

    如果你喜歡這個課程,請在 YouTube 上訂閱我的頻道

  • If you have any questions about this lesson, go to www.engvid.com, join the forum,

    假使你有任何和本課程相關的問題,請到 www.engvid.com,加入我們的討論,

  • ask your questions-I will be happy to reply to them-and take the quiz.

    並發問-我非常樂於解答-也可以參加測驗

  • There's also going to be a quiz to test your understanding and knowledge of these words. And, of course,

    測驗你對這些字的了解

  • come back again soon and watch more helpful videos, and I'll see you then.

    最後,希望你很快再回到這個頻道,看更多可以幫助你提升英文能力的影片,到時見

  • Bye.

    Bye

Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.

Hi!歡迎來到 www.engvid.com,我是 Adam

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