has been serving automobiles well for many decades.

手排變速箱或稱簡易齒輪箱運用在汽車上已經數十年

Even today it's the most popular form of transmission.

即使在今日 它仍然是最受歡迎的變速箱型式

In this video we'll give a conceptual introduction on the workings of an actual manual transmission

在這影片中 我們將介紹手排變速箱.實際上運作的概念

with a reverse gear.

包含了倒車檔

The basic question is why transmission is required in an automobile.

最基本的問題是 為何汽車需要變速箱?

The power generated by the engine flows through the transmission

引擎產生的動力傳導至變速箱

before it reaches the drive wheels.

再傳送至驅動輪

The basic function of the transmission is to control the speed and torque

變速箱的基本功能就是控制速度與扭力

available to the drive wheels for different driving conditions.

在不同的駕駛條件下.傳輸適當的動力至驅動輪

For example, if you want to climb a hill you need more torque.

舉例而言 假設你要爬坡你需要更多的扭力

By reducing the speed at the transmission we will be able to achieve

運用變速箱補償失去的速度

higher torque for the same power input.

一樣的動力輸入卻有更大的扭力

Conversely, if the torque demand is low we can increase the transmission speed.

反過來說 如果不需要大扭力 變速箱則可以提升速度

Now, let's look at it's inner workings.

現在讓我們來看看內部的工作原理

Manual transmissions work on the simple principle of gear ratio.

手排變速箱使用了簡單的齒輪比原理

A basic transmission mechanism is shown here.

一個基本的變速機構如圖

Here, the input and output shafts are connected through a countershaft.

看這裡 輸入軸與輸出軸是分開的 但經由副軸連結在一起

A three-speed mechanism will look like this.

一個三個檔位的機構就像這樣

It is clear that just by sliding the gears we can achieve different transmission ratios.

經由可滑動的齒輪 可以很清楚的看到如何做到不同的傳輸比

This transmission is more specifically called a sliding mesh transmission.

這種變速箱比較特別.稱之為滑動嚙合變速箱

They're good for controlling the speed but they have an inherent disadvantage.

這是非常有利於速度的控制 但是也有其缺點

It's quite tricky to slide from one gear and engage with another gear.

當齒輪互相滑動時 會有一點說不上來的詭異 (噪音及複雜的操作)

The constant mesh transmission permanently solves this problem.

固定嚙合變速箱 永久的解決了這個問題

Here, the gears are always in mesh but with a major difference.

在這裡 齒輪永遠是嚙合的 但是有一個主要的不同點

Here, the output gears are loosely connected to the shaft.

輸出齒輪與輸出軸並沒有緊密結合的

If we connect only one gear to the shaft at a time

假如我們一次只連結一個齒輪

the shaft will have the speed of the connected gear.

輸出軸就可以從該齒輪連結到速度

With the help of a hypothetical connector

為了幫助我們了解 這裡假設一個連接

different gear ratios are illustrated here.

不同的齒輪比就如動畫所示(輸入速度/輸出速度=???)

It is interesting to note that in 4th gear

注意第四檔位是很有趣的

the input and output shafts are directly connected.

因為輸入軸與輸出軸是直接連接的

The art of locking a loosely held gear to the shaft effectively and smoothly

很有藝術的將一個空轉的齒輪 有效而且平順的固定在輸出軸上

lies at the heart of the manual transmission.

這就是手排變速箱的心臟部位

Let's see how this is done in actual practice.

讓我們來看看實際上的運作模式

First of all, the main shaft gears have a synchronizer cone-teeth arrangement.

首先 主軸需要有同步錐狀齒的設計

A hub is fixed to the shaft.

齒輪毂固定在軸上

A sleeve that is free to slide over the hub is also used in this system.

這個系統中齒輪襯套還是可以自由滑動在齒輪毂上

It is clear that if the sleeve gets connected with the teeth of the synchronizer cone

這樣非常清楚地 假如齒輪襯套連結了同步錐狀齒輪

the gear and shaft will turn together.

這時齒輪與軸將會同步旋轉

or the desired locking action will be achieved.

或者你所想要的鎖定動作將可達成

But during the gearbox operation, the shaft and gear will be rotating at different speeds,

但是在齒輪箱運作中 這個軸與齒輪會是以不同的速度旋轉

so such a locking action is not an easy task.

像這種鎖定動作可不是一件容易的事

A synchronizer ring helps to match the speed of the gear with that of the shaft.

一個同步齒環幫助了齒輪與軸的速度匹配

The synchronizer ring is capable of rotating along with the hub but is free to slide axially.

這個同步齒環才能夠獨自地與齒輪毂旋轉而且還可以在軸上滑動

Before moving the sleeve, the clutch pedal is pressed

當踩下離合器踏板時 才能移動齒輪襯套

this way, power flow to the gear is discontinued.

在此同時.動力傳輸至齒輪就中斷了

When we move the sleeve, the sleeve will press the synchronizer ring against the cone.

當我們移動齒輪襯套 襯套將會推擠同步齒環對到錐狀齒輪

Due to the high frictional force between the synchronizer ring and cone,

由於高摩擦施力於同步齒環與錐狀齒輪

the speed of the gear will become the same as the shaft.

齒輪的速度將會與軸的速度一樣了

At this time, the sleeve can be slated further and it will get locked with the gear.

在這個時候 襯套將會進一步的鎖住齒輪

Thus, the gear gets locked with the shaft in an efficient and smooth way.

於是 齒輪被軸有效而且平順的鎖定

The same mechanism is employed to shift to other gears.

同樣的機械結構也被運用移動到其他的檔位

Such as first gear.

比如一檔

3rd gear.

三檔

and 4th gear.

四檔

You can also see the gear lever changing mechanism.

你也可以看看齒輪控制桿德機械結構

A fifth gear is used to turn the output shaft at a higher speed than the input shaft.

五檔的設計運用是改變輸出軸比輸入軸的速度還高

Now let's see how the reverse gear works.

現在我們來看看倒車檔的工作原理吧

The reverse gear uses a three-gear arragement as shown.

倒車檔運用了一組三個齒輪的設計來看看2D剖面圖

Out of those, one is the idle gear

有一個是空轉齒輪

When the idle gear is pushed and connected to the other two gears,

當空轉齒輪被推向前去嚙合另兩個齒輪時

the output shaft will turn in the reverse direction.

輸出軸將會反向旋轉

Please note here that the reverse gear does not have a synchronizer ring mechanism.

這裡請注意 倒車齒輪並沒有同步齒環機構

This means that the gearbox rotation has to stop completely before applying the reverse gear.

這代表了 在你切入倒車檔之前 齒輪箱完全停止旋轉

Thank you for watching the video.

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