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  • Thank you, everybody.

  • Please have a seat.

  • Welcome to the White House.

  • Today, I have the privilege to present our nation's

  • highest honor for scientific and technological

  • achievement -- the National Medals of Science, and the

  • National Medals of Technology and Innovation.

  • The amount of brainpower in this room right

  • now is astonishing.

  • (laughter)

  • But when you talk to these brilliant men and women,

  • it's clear the honor has not yet gone to their heads.

  • They still put their lab coats on

  • one arm at a time.

  • (laughter)

  • Joining us to celebrate these achievements are

  • members of Congress; Secretary of Energy Ernie

  • Moniz -- a pretty good scientist himself -- my

  • Science Advisor, John Holdren; the Director of the

  • National Science Foundation, Francerdova; the Director

  • of the U.S.

  • Patent and Trademark Office, Michelle Lee; and Jim

  • Rathmann from the National Medals of Science and

  • Technology Foundation.

  • I want to thank them for all the work that they do each

  • year to help us organize and honor the scientists and

  • innovators in this great nation of ours.

  • Now, we are engaging in a lot of science and tinkering

  • here at the White House.

  • We've got Astronomy Night.

  • We got Hack-a-thons.

  • We got Code-a-thons.

  • We have Science Fairs, Maker Faires.

  • It is fun.

  • I love this stuff.

  • I get to test out some of the cool stuff that ends up

  • here in the White House.

  • At this year's Science Fair, one nine-year-old, named

  • Jacob Leggette, turned the tables on me and suggested

  • that we needed to start a kids' advisory group --

  • (laughter)

  • -- so that young people can help us understand what's

  • interesting to them when it comes to STEM education,

  • which I thought was a pretty good idea.

  • (laughter)

  • So, today, I can announce that we are launching a "Kid

  • Science Advisors" campaign for young scientists and

  • innovators to send in their suggestions for what we

  • should be doing to support science and technology, and

  • inspire the next generation of scientists and innovators.

  • So those young people out there who are listening, go

  • to our website -- we're going to be looking for some

  • advisors, some advice.

  • (laughter)

  • The real reason we do this, as I've said before, is to

  • teach our young people that it's not just the winner of

  • the Super Bowl or the NCAA tournament that deserves a

  • celebration; that we want the winners of science

  • fairs, we want those who have invented the products

  • and lifesaving medicines and are engineering our future

  • to be celebrated as well.

  • Because immersing young people in science, math,

  • engineering -- that's what's going to carry the American

  • spirit of innovation through the 21st century and beyond.

  • That's what the honorees who are here today represent.

  • Many of them came from humble or ordinary

  • beginnings, but along the way, someone or something

  • sparked their curiosity.

  • Someone bought them their first computer.

  • Someone introduced them to a lab.

  • A child in their lives needed specialized medical help.

  • And because they lived in an America that fosters

  • curiosity, and invests in education, and values

  • science as important to our progress, they were able to

  • find their calling and do extraordinary things.

  • So there are few better examples for our young

  • people to follow than the Americans that we honor today.

  • Just to take a couple of examples: Shirley Ann

  • Jackson, who is part of my science advisory group, grew

  • up right here in Washington, D.C. Hers was a quiet childhood.

  • Her first homemade experiment involved, I

  • understand, collecting and cataloging bumblebees in

  • her backyard.

  • (laughter)

  • Two events happened that would not only change our

  • country's course, but Shirley's.

  • In Brown v.

  • Board of Education, the Supreme Court handed down a

  • landmark decision that separate educational

  • facilities are inherently unequal, and the Soviets

  • launched Sputnik up in the sky, sparking a space race.

  • As Shirley put it, "Those two events in history

  • changed my life for good."

  • She went on to become the first African American to

  • earn a doctorate in physics from MIT, the second woman

  • to do so anywhere in America.

  • And over the years, Dr. Jackson has

  • revolutionized the way science informs public

  • policy from rethinking safety at our nuclear plants

  • to training a new generation of scientists and engineers

  • that looks more like the diverse and inclusive

  • America she loves.

  • Then you have Mark Humayan, who immigrated to the United

  • States with his family when he was nine years old.

  • When his diabetic grandmother lost her vision,

  • he began studying to become an ophthalmologist, hoping

  • he could save the sight of others.

  • Mark helped create the "Argus II," a "bionic eye"

  • that has restored vision to patients who've been blind

  • for up to 50 years.

  • He says the moment when he witnessed someone seeing

  • light and shapes, someone experiencing the miracle of

  • sight for the first time in decades -- those moments

  • have been some of the happiest and most rewarding

  • of his professional career.

  • In his words -- and I think no pun is intended -- "There

  • wasn't a dry eye in the operating room."

  • (laughter)

  • Growing up in Chicago, Mary-Claire King's dad would

  • sit with her in front of the TV for Cubs and

  • White Sox games --

  • (laughter)

  • -- and make up story problems for her to solve

  • about the players on the field.

  • She just thought that's how everyone watched baseball --

  • which explains why, when a college advisor encouraged

  • her to take a genetics course, she said, "I

  • couldn't believe anything could be so fun."

  • But every single American should be grateful for

  • Mary-Claire King's path.

  • We're glad that she thought it was fun because.

  • at a time when most scientists believed that

  • cancer was caused by viruses, she relentlessly

  • pursued her hunch that certain cancers were linked

  • to inherited genetic mutations.

  • This self-described "stubborn" scientist kept

  • going until she proved herself right.

  • Seventeen years of work later, Mary-Claire

  • discovered a single gene that predisposes women to

  • breast cancer.

  • And that discovery has empowered women and their

  • doctors with science to better understand the

  • choices that they make when it comes to their health and

  • their future.

  • So these are just three examples of the remarkable

  • stories that are represented here today.

  • They illustrate why this is such an extraordinary moment

  • to be a scientist in this country.

  • America's progress in science and technology has

  • countless revolutionary discoveries within our reach.

  • New materials designed atom by atom.

  • New forms of clean energy.

  • New breakthroughs in treating cancer and ending

  • the wait for organ transplants.

  • Private space flights, a planned human mission to

  • Mars, a NASA probe that broke free from the Solar

  • System three years ago and just kept on going.

  • That's some of what America can do.

  • That's why we're constantly pushing Congress to fund the

  • work of our scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs and

  • dreamers to keep America on the cutting-edge.

  • As President, I'm proud to honor each of you for your

  • contributions to our nations.

  • As an American, I'm proud of everything that you've done

  • to contribute to that fearless spirit of

  • innovation that's made us who we are, and that doesn't

  • just benefit our citizens but benefits the world.

  • We're very proud of what you've done.

  • So congratulations to all of you.

  • With that, let's read the citations and present

  • the awards.

  • (applause)

  • MILITARY AIDE: National Medals of Science.

  • Armand Paul Alivisatos.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Science to Armand Paul Alivisatos,

  • University of California, and Lawrence Berkeley

  • National Lab, California.

  • For his foundational contributions to the field

  • of nanoscience, for the development of nanocrystals

  • as a building block of nanotechnologies, and for

  • his leadership in the nanoscience community.

  • (applause)

  • Michael Artin.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Science to Michael Artin, Massachusetts

  • Institute of Technology, Massachusetts.

  • For his leadership in modern algebraic geometry,

  • including three major bodies of work: Étale cohomology,

  • algebraic approximation of formal solutions of

  • equations, and non-commutative

  • algebraic geometry.

  • (applause)

  • Albert Bandura.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Science to Albert Bandura, Stanford

  • University, California.

  • For fundamental advances in the understanding of social

  • learning mechanisms and self-referent thinking

  • processes in motivation and behavior change, and for the

  • development of social cognitive theory of human

  • action and psychological development.

  • (applause)

  • Stanley Falkow.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Science to Stanley Falkow, Stanford

  • University School of Medicine, California.

  • For his monumental contributions toward

  • understanding how microbes cause disease and resist the

  • effects of antibiotics, and for his inspiring mentorship

  • that create the field of molecular

  • microbial pathogenesis.

  • (applause)

  • Shirley Ann Jackson.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Science to Shirley Ann Jackson,

  • Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York.

  • For her insightful work in condensed matter physics and

  • particle physics, for her science-rooted public policy

  • achievements, and for her inspiration to the next

  • generation of professionals in the science, technology,

  • engineering, and math fields.

  • (applause)

  • Rakesh K. Jain.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Science to Rakesh K.

  • Jain, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General

  • Hospital, Massachusetts.

  • For pioneering research at the interface of engineering

  • and oncology, including tumor microenvironment, drug

  • delivery and imaging, and for groundbreaking

  • discoveries of principles leading to the development

  • and novel use of drugs for treatment of cancer and

  • non-cancerous diseases.

  • (applause)

  • Mary-Claire King.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Science to Mary-Claire King, University

  • of Washington, Washington.

  • For pioneering contributions to human genetics, including

  • discovery of the BRCA1 susceptibility gene for

  • breast cancer; and for development of genetic

  • methods to match "disappeared" victims of

  • human rights abuses with their families.

  • (applause)

  • Simon Asher Levin.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Science to Simon Asher Levin,

  • Princeton, New Jersey.

  • For international leadership in environmental science,

  • straddling ecology and applied mathematics, to

  • promote conservation; for his impact on a generation

  • of environmental scientists; and for his critical

  • contributions to ecology, environmental economics,

  • epidemiology, applied mathematics, and evolution.

  • (applause)

  • Geraldine Richmond.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Science to Geraldine Richmond,

  • University of Oregon, Oregon.

  • For her landmark discoveries of the molecular

  • characteristics of water surfaces; for her creative

  • demonstration of how her findings impact many key

  • biological, environmental, chemical and technological

  • processes; and for her extraordinary efforts in the

  • United States and around the globe to promote women

  • in science.

  • (applause)

  • National Medals of Technology and Innovation.

  • Joseph N. DeSimone.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Technology and Innovation to Joseph N.

  • DeSimone, University of North Carolina at Chapel

  • Hill, North Carolina State University, and

  • Carbon 3D, California.

  • For pioneering innovations in material science that led

  • to the development of technologies in diverse

  • fields from manufacturing to medicine, and for innovative

  • and inclusive leadership in higher education

  • and entrepreneurship.

  • (applause)

  • Robert E. Fischell.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Technology and Innovation to Robert E.

  • Fischell, University of Maryland at

  • College Park, Maryland.

  • For invention of novel medical devices used in the

  • treatment of many illnesses thereby improving the health

  • and saving the lives of millions of patients around

  • the world.

  • (applause)

  • Arthur Gossard.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Technology and Innovation to Arthur

  • Gossard, University of California, Santa

  • Barbara, California.

  • For innovation, development, and application of

  • artificially structured quantum materials critical

  • to ultrahigh performance semiconductor device

  • technology used in today's digital infrastructure.

  • (applause)

  • Nancy Ho.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Technology and Innovation to Nancy Ho,

  • Green Tech America, Incorporated and Purdue

  • University, Indiana.

  • For the development of a yeast-based technology that

  • is able to co-ferment sugars extracted from plants to

  • produce ethanol, and for optimizing this technology

  • for large-scale and cost-effective production of

  • renewable biofuels and industrial chemicals.

  • (applause)

  • Chenming Hu.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Technology and Innovation to Chenming

  • Hu, University of California,

  • Berkeley, California.

  • For pioneering innovations in microelectronics

  • including reliability technologies, the first

  • industry-standard model for circuit design, and the

  • first 3-dimensional transistors, which radically

  • advanced semiconductor technology.

  • (applause)

  • Mark S. Humayun.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Technology and Innovation to Mark

  • Humayun, University of Southern California, California.

  • For the invention, development, and application

  • of bioelectronics in medicine, including a

  • retinal prosthesis for restoring vision to the

  • blind, thereby significantly improving patients'

  • quality of life.

  • (applause)

  • Cato T. Laurencin.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Technology and Innovation to Cato T.

  • Laurencin, University of Connecticut, Connecticut.

  • For seminal work in the engineering of

  • musculoskeletal tissues, especially for

  • revolutionizing achievements in the design of bone

  • matrices and ligament regeneration; and for

  • extraordinary work in promoting diversity and

  • excellence in science.

  • (applause)

  • Jonathan Marc Rothberg.

  • (applause)

  • National Medal of Technology and Innovation to Jonathan

  • Marc Rothberg, 4catalyzer Corporation and Yale School

  • of Medicine, Connecticut.

  • For pioneering inventions and commercialization of

  • next generation DNA sequencing technologies,

  • making access to genomic information easier, faster,

  • and more cost-effective for researchers around

  • the world.

  • (applause)

  • The President: Let's giv another big round of

  • applause to our honorees.

  • (applause)

  • Yay!

  • Very proud of you.

  • (applause)

  • And let's give a big round of applause to my military

  • aide, who had to read those citations --

  • (laughter)

  • -- with a lot of pretty complicated phrases in them.

  • (applause)

  • You were practicing, weren't you?

  • (laughter)

  • Well, it just goes to show we can all learn science.

  • (laughter)

  • Science rocks.

  • (applause)

  • Thank you very much, everybody.

  • Please enjoy the reception.

  • Congratulations to our honorees.

  • Have a wonderful afternoon.

  • Thank you very much everyone.

  • (applause)

Thank you, everybody.

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B1 中級 美國腔

國家科學和技術創新獎章 (The National Medals of Science and of Technology & Innovation)

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    Amy.Lin 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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