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  • Hello.

    哈囉

  • My name is Emma, and in today's video I am going to answer your questions on

    我叫 Emma,今天在影片中我要回答你們的問題

  • what is the difference between "by" and "with"?

    "by" 和 "with" 有甚麼不同?

  • Many students make mistakes with "by" and "with",

    許多學生會犯 "by" 和 "with" 的錯誤

  • so in today's lesson I'm hoping to help you with this so you won't make so many mistakes

    所以今天課程裡我希望可以幫助你讓你不再犯那麼多錯誤

  • and you'll understand what are the differences between these two words.

    然後你會了解這兩個字的不同之處

  • Okay, so to start with I have here some questions.

    OK,開始前我這裡有些問題

  • I want you to think: Which ones are correct and which ones are not correct?

    希望你想想看:哪些是對的,哪些是錯的?

  • I also want you to think which sentences...

    還有哪一個句子?

  • Why are they correct?

    為甚麼它們是對的?

  • Okay?

    好嗎?

  • So, why are they correct and why are they incorrect?

    為何是對的,又為何是錯的?

  • So my first sentence: "I learn English by watching engVid."

    第一個句子:" I learn English by watching engVid."

  • Compare this to: "I learn English with watching engVid."

    對照:" I learn English with watching engVid."

  • Which one do you think is the correct form?

    你想哪一個是對的形式呢?

  • Do we use "by" or do we use "with"?

    我們是用 "by" 還是 "with"?

  • Okay.

    OK

  • If you said: "I learn English by watching engVid." you are correct.

    如果你說:" I learn English by watching engVid." 你就答對了

  • Okay? And I will explain why in the next part of this video.

    OK? 待會我會在影片中講解為什麼

  • So: "I learn English with watching engVid."

    " I learn English with watching engVid."

  • No, we don't use that.

    這句是錯的,我們不會這樣用

  • Okay, so what about the next two?

    OK,再來第二題

  • "I write with a pen.", "I write by a pen."

    " I write with a pen.", " I write by a pen."

  • Which one do you think is the correct sentence, and which one is incorrect and why?

    你覺得哪個是對的,哪個是錯的,為甚麼呢?

  • Okay, if you said: "I write with a pen." you are correct.

    OK,如果你選 " I write with a pen." 你就答對了

  • In this case this is the correct one.

    這選項是對的

  • And: "I write by a pen." this is-enh-incorrect.

    " I write by a pen." 這是錯的

  • So, before we talk about some of the differences, let's talk about the similarities.

    所以,在我們它們的不同之處前,來談談他們的共同點

  • How are "by" and "with" the same?

    "by" 和 "with" 哪裡相同呢?

  • Well, they both answer the question: How?

    那就是它們都是用來回答 how 的問句

  • Okay? So they're both the answer to the question: How?

    它們都是用來回答 how 的問句

  • How do you learn English?

    你如何學英文?

  • I learn English by watching engVid.

    我看engVid學英文

  • I learn English by reading my dictionary every night.

    我每天晚上看字典學英文

  • That's probably not a good idea, but I learn English by talking to people.

    這或許不是個好方法,但我跟人交談學英文

  • Okay? So that's answering how you do something.

    就是 how 問句的應答

  • Similarly with "with", it also answers the question: How?

    "with" 也是用來回答 how 問句

  • How do you write?

    你要如何書寫?

  • Well, I write with a pen.

    我用筆書寫

  • How do you eat dinner?

    你怎麼吃晚餐?

  • I eat dinner with a fork. Okay?

    我用叉子吃晚餐

  • Or I eat dinner with chopsticks.

    或是我用筷子吃晚餐

  • So they both answer the same question: How?

    所以它們都是用來回答同一種問題:how

  • But they are a little bit different, so let's look at these differences now.

    但它們也有一點不同的地方,現在讓我們來看看它們的不同之處吧

  • Okay, so let's look at some example sentences with "by".

    OK,這些是 "by" 的例句

  • "I turn on the computer by pushing the on button."

    「我按開啟鈕來開電腦」

  • Okay? So this is, again, answering the question: How?

    這又是在回答 how 的問句

  • How do you turn on the computer?

    你要怎麼開電腦?

  • Well, I turn on the computer by pushing the on button.

    「我按下開啟鈕來開電腦」

  • I want you to take a moment to look at this sentence.

    請你花點時間看看這個句子

  • What comes after "by"?

    "by" 後面有甚麼?

  • We have here "pushing".

    這裡加了 "pushing"

  • "Pushing" is a verb. Okay?

    "pushing" 是個動詞

  • So I'm just going to underline this.

    我就在它下面畫底線

  • So we often use...

    所以我們常用...

  • After "by" we often have a verb when we're explaining how something is done.

    當我們再解釋某是如何完成時,在 "by" 後面常有個動詞

  • Let's look at another example.

    再來看看另一個例子

  • "I keep healthy by exercising."

    「我運動來維持健康」

  • So, again, after "by" you'll notice we have a verb: "exercise". Okay?

    在 "by" 後面,你又會注意到有個動詞 "exercise"

  • In this case it's "exercising".

    在這邊是 "exercising"

  • So, one of the first things to notice is after "by" we often have a verb.

    所以其中一個注意到的就是 "by" 後面有個動詞

  • I have here: "by verb", but that's not all.

    我這邊寫了 "by verb",但還沒完

  • If you look at the verb, what form is the verb in?

    你看這個動詞是什麼形式的?

  • Well, take a moment.

    等等

  • What do "pushing" and "exercising" have in common?

    "pushing" 和 "exercising" 有甚麼共同點?

  • They both end in "ing", so I'm going to write here: "ing".

    它們結尾都是 "ing",所以我在這寫了 "ing"

  • Okay?

    OK?

  • So we use "by", after "by" comes a verb, and then comes "ing".

    所以當我們用 "by",後面加一個動詞,然後 "ing"

  • You know: How do you keep clean?

    你要如何保持乾淨?

  • I keep clean by showering.

    我洗澡來保持乾淨

  • How do you study?

    你如何學習?

  • I study by...

    我透過...來學習

  • Well, not hanging out with my friends, that would be terrible for studying.

    嗯,不是跟朋友出去玩,這對學習沒有幫助

  • I study by reading over my notes.

    我讀遍我的筆記來學習

  • Okay? So after "by" we have the verb and "ing".

    OK?所以 "by" 後面是加動詞 "ing"

  • So let's do one together.

    讓我們一起做一題看看

  • "I learned karate (or karate) by _________ YouTube."

    "I learned karate (or karate) by _________ YouTube."

  • What do you think the verb would be?

    你覺得動詞是什麼呢?

  • We could say: "by watch".

    我們可能會說:"by watch"

  • Is that right? "...by watch YouTube"?

    這樣是對的嗎?... "...by watch YouTube"?

  • No, we need the "ing", perfect.

    不對,我們需要加 "ing",非常好

  • "I learned karate by watching YouTube."

    "I learned karate by watching YouTube."

  • Okay? So, again, this is very useful because any time you're explaining how,

    這非常實用,因為任何時候當你要解釋如何做某件事時

  • if you have a verb and "by" then you can explain how you do something.

    你有個動詞和 "by" 就可以說明怎麼做了

  • Okay, now let's look at some of...

    現在讓我們再來看一些...

  • Some more differences between "with" and "by".

    更多 "with" 和 "by" 的不同之處

  • So before I begin teaching you more about "by" and "with", I just want to say that

    在我教你更多 "with" 和 "by" 的用法之前,我先聲明這些是普遍的規則

  • these are the general rules, and there are always times in English when rules are broken

    英文常常會打破規則

  • or when there are exceptions.

    或是有例外的時候

  • Okay? And so these are the most basic of the rules with "by" and "with".

    所以這些是 "with" 和 "by" 最基本的規則

  • Okay, so now let's look at when we're talking about a noun.

    我們再來看當講到名詞時的用法

  • We've just talked about using "by" with a verb ending in "ing" to answer how to do something.

    我們剛說到 "by" 後面加動詞 "ing" 以解釋如何做某件事

  • Well, we can also talk about how...

    我們也可以談怎麼做...

  • When...

    什麼時候...

  • By using a noun.

    使用名詞來說明如何做某件事

  • So, to remind you what a noun is, it's usually a person, a place, a thing, or maybe an idea.

    這是提醒你名詞通常是一個人、地點、事物、或是一個想法

  • So let's look at some examples.

    來看看幾個例子

  • Oh, before we get to some examples, one of the major rules when we come to "by" is we

    喔在看例子之前,我們提到 "by",其中一個重要的規則就是

  • often use it with communication. Okay?

    當講到溝通時常會使用到它

  • So when we're talking about how we communicate, we usually use "by".

    所以當我們講到我們如何溝通,通常會用 "by"

  • We also use "by" a lot when we're talking about transportation.

    當講到交通,我們也常用到 "by"

  • There are also a lot of other exceptions, but the main ones that I want you to know

    還有好多了例外,但現在我想要你知道

  • for now is when we're talking about transportation and communication.

    當我們講到交通和通訊的重要用法

  • So, for example: "I will contact you by email."

    例如:「我會用email聯絡你」

  • "Email" is an example of a noun.

    "Email" 是一個名詞

  • Okay? So this is not a verb.

    不是動詞

  • In this case this is a noun.

    在這裡是名詞

  • "I will contact you by email."

    「我會用email聯絡你」

  • And email is a form of communication.

    email 是一種通訊的形式

  • We can change this to: "I will contact you by phone.", "I will contact you by Messenger.",

    我們可以改成:「我會用電話聯絡你」「我會用 Messenger聯絡你」

  • "I will contact you by pigeon."

    「我會用飛鴿傳書連絡你」

  • That would never happen, but just an example of what I mean by communication.

    那永遠不會發生的,這只是一個通訊方式的舉例

  • "I will message you by text."

    「我會用簡訊連絡你」

  • Okay? So, again, these are communicated-based.

    所以這些都是關於通訊的

  • Then we use "by" for transportation when we're talking about nouns.

    當我們講到名詞,交通我們就用 "by"

  • So, what are some examples of nouns for transportation?

    那交通的名詞有哪些例子呢?

  • We have buses, subways, bikes, boats, airplanes, ferries.

    像是公車、地鐵、腳踏車、船、飛機、渡船

  • Okay?

    OK?

  • These...

    這些...

  • Motorcycle, taxi, Uber.

    摩托車、計程車、Uber

  • These are all forms of transportation and they're all nouns.

    這些都是各種交通運輸工具,它們都是名詞

  • So we can use "by" when we're talking about these nouns.

    所以當我們講到這些名詞,我們就用 "by"

  • "I will go by bus.",

    「我會搭公車去」

  • "I came by car."

    「我會搭汽車去」

  • You'll also notice something.

    你可能也注意到了

  • When we use "by" and we're using a noun, we don't usually have the article there.

    當我們用 "by" 時,後面加的是名詞,通常不會加冠詞

  • So I don't say: "I will go by a bus." or "I came by a car."

    我不會說:「我搭一台公車去」或是「我搭一輛車去」

  • It's usually without any article.

    通常都不會有冠詞

  • "I will go by bus."

    「我會搭公車去」

  • So there's no "the", no "a" here.

    這裡沒有 "the",也沒有 "a"

  • "I will go by subway.", "I will go by airplane.", "I will go by bike."

    「我會搭地鐵去」「我會搭飛機去」「我會騎腳踏車去」

  • Okay?

    OK?

  • So, again, we often use "by" with nouns when we're talking about communication or transportation,

    所以當我們講到溝通或是交通運輸,我們通常會用 "by" 加上名詞

  • and then there are some other times we talk about them, various exceptions also, but this

    還有其他的時機我們會談到他們,以及各種例外

  • is the main rule.

    但這是主要的規則

  • So now let's look at "how".

    現在我們來看 "how"

  • I mean not "how", "with".

    不是 "how" 啦,是 "with"

  • Let's look at "with".

    我們來看 "with"

  • Okay, so now let's talk about "with".

    現在來談談 "with"

  • So just like "by", "with" answers the same question: How do you do something?

    就像 "by" 一樣,"with" 用來回答同一種問句:你如何做某件事?

  • Okay? So the question is: How?

    OK? 就是 how 問句

  • So I have here some examples.

    這裡有些例子

  • How do Italians talk?

    義大利人如何溝通?

  • Well, you know, they talk in different ways, but: "Italians talk with their hands."

    他們有不同的溝通方式,舉例「義大利人用手溝通」

  • for example.

    舉例說明

  • How do you point?

    你怎麼指?

  • "I point with my fingers."

    「我用手指」

  • Okay.

    OK

  • So, these are some examples with "with".

    這些是 "with" 的例子

  • So when we were talking about "by", we looked at "by" followed by a verb and followed by nouns,

    所以當我們談到 "by",我們會看到 "by" 後面是動詞,和名詞

  • and we talked about how the nouns usually have to do with communication or transportation.

    然後我們談到通訊或是交通運輸時名詞的用法

  • With "with" we use it usually with a noun.

    "with" 通常都加名詞

  • So, again, a noun is a person, place, or thing, like "hands" is a noun, "fingers" is a noun.

    再講一次,名詞是人、地或物,像是「手」是名詞,「手指」是名詞

  • And we usually use "with"...

    我們通常還會用到 "with"

  • And again I'm saying usually because there's a lot of other cases we use it,

    我說通常是因為有很多其他用法

  • but this is the main rule.

    但這是主要規則

  • We use "with" with body parts, with...

    我們用 "with" 加上身體部位,加上...

  • When we're talking about tools or different instruments.

    或是當我們講到工具或是不同的儀器時

  • Okay?

    OK?

  • So, for example: "Italians talk with their hands."

    舉例:「義大利人用手溝通」

  • So we have "with" here and we have a body part: "hands".

    我們在這裡用 "with" ,身體部位是:「手」

  • Maybe, you know, people who are deaf often talk with their hands.

    或許他們是用手語溝通的聾啞人

  • "I point with my fingers.", "I point with my toes."

    「我用手指」「我用腳趾指」

  • Okay? So, again, we have another body part: "fingers".

    OK? 所以我們有另一個身體部位

  • "I think with my brain.", "I smile with my teeth and lips.", "I run with my legs."

    「我用腦袋想」「我用牙齒和嘴唇微笑」「我用腳跑步」

  • Okay? So we use it for body parts.

    OK? 所以我們用它加上身體部位

  • We can also use it when we're talking about tools or instruments.

    當我們談到工具或儀器時也會用到它

  • So when I'm talking about instruments I'm talking about things we use.

    所以當我講到儀器,就是我正在用的東西

  • "I cleaned the floor..."

    「我清潔地板」

  • How? How did you clean the floor?

    怎麼做? 你怎麼清潔地板?

  • "Well, I cleaned the floor with a mop."

    「嗯,我用拖把清潔地板」

  • So a mop is like a tool or an instrument.

    所以拖把就是一個工具或是儀器

  • You can say: "I cleaned the floor with a broom.", "I cleaned the floor with a dustpan.",

    你可以說:「我用掃把清潔地板」「我用畚箕清潔地板」

  • "I ate dinner with a fork."

    「我用叉子吃晚餐」

  • So this is answering: How did you eat dinner?

    這就是「你怎麼吃晚餐」的回答

  • "I ate dinner with chopsticks.", "I ate dinner with a spoon."

    「我用筷子出晚餐」「我用湯匙吃晚餐」

  • Okay?

    OK?

  • How did you cook?

    你如何烹飪?

  • "I cooked with a microwave.", "I cooked with a pot.", "I cooked with an oven."

    「我用微波爐烹飪」「我用鍋子烹飪」「我用烤箱烹飪」

  • You know: How did you camp?

    你怎麼露營?

  • "I camped with a tent."

    「我用帳篷露營」

  • So we use this a lot of the times when we're talking about body parts, tools, or instruments;

    所以當我們講到身體部位、工具或是儀器,我們常常用到它

  • things that help you do things.

    幫助你做事的東西

  • Okay, so we've covered a lot of ground here.

    OK,所以我們已經知道了不少基本規則

  • We've covered "by" with verbs, we've covered "by" with nouns, and we've covered "with" with nouns.

    我們已經知道 "by" 加動詞和名詞,"with" 加名詞

  • So I want to invite you to come check out our website at www.engvid.com.

    所以我想邀請你到我們的網站www.engvid.com.

  • There, you can actually do a quiz to practice everything you learned in this video.

    你可以在那做測驗,練習你在這部影片中學到的所有東西

  • Okay?

    OK?

  • You know, there's a lot of information here so I really hope you practice these things.

    這裡有好多資訊,所以我很希望你可以練習這些東西

  • I also want to invite you to subscribe to my YouTube channel.

    我也邀請你訂閱我在youtube的頻道

  • There, you can find a lot of other resources about grammar, pronunciation, conversation, listening,

    你可以在那找到許多關於文法、發音、對話、聽力的資源

  • and all things English.

    和所有關於英文的影片

  • So until next time, thank you for watching and take care.

    我們下次見,謝謝觀賞,保重

Hello.

哈囉

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