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  • For most people when they drink alcohol

    每當人們喝酒

  • it can make them feel more confident and comfortable

    大多數的人總會感到有自信與更放鬆

  • But for me, drinking makes me feel less confident and uncomfortable

    但是對我來說,喝酒完全不是這麼一回事

  • That's because thanks to my DNA...

    這都要歸功於我的 DNA

  • alcohol makes my skin turn red

    酒精會讓我臉紅

  • It's called the Asian Flush

    這種現象被稱為「東方潮紅」

  • And it affects about 36% of North East Asians with higher rates among Asian Americans.

    有大約 36% 的東北亞洲人深受其苦,而這現象在亞裔美國人中更常見

  • I guess we should probably show you what it looks like

    我想我直接來示範給你們看好了

  • "For Science!"

    敬實驗精神!

  • "If I know that I'm gonna need to take pictures that I'll drink less until these pictures are over

    「每當我得拍照時我一定會喝比較少的酒

  • and then I'll go back to normal pace"

    直到拍完照之後我再回到我正常的喝酒速度」

  • People tend to assume that a red face means that we're drunk

    人們總認為當你喝酒臉紅就代表你醉了

  • but that's a myth

    但是這一點事實根據都沒有

  • These are completely separate processes

    臉紅與酒醉其實沒有什麼關聯

  • Facial flushing whether from embarrassment, or exercise, or alcohol...

    不論臉紅是因著尷尬、運動或是酒精

  • It happens when the blood vessels under the surface of the skin dilate.

    它是因為我們肌膚下的血管擴張而造成的反應

  • And in the case of Asian flush, this is part of an immune response

    而「東方潮紅」則是免疫系統在作祟

  • The body is detecting a threat

    我們的身體感受到了威脅

  • The threat isn't the alcohol itself

    而這份威脅並非酒精本身

  • but a substance that our livers produce while breaking down alcohol

    而是來自於肝釋出了一種能夠分解酒精的物質

  • "For me at least, the warmth starts in my chest and then it moves its way up."

    「我會感受到一股暖流從我的胸口向上蔓延。」

  • "My cheeks are warm, my ears are warm..."

    「我的臉變熱了,我的耳朵也變熱了...」

  • "It's weird. It's like my eyes are almost puffy"

    「這種感覺很奇怪,像是我的眼睛會腫起來。」

  • "Ahh I do feel like they got puffy..."

    「啊!我也會感到雙眼腫脹...」

  • When people drink ethanol, that's the chemical name for booze.

    當人們攝取乙醇,這是酒精的化學學名

  • The liver gets rid of it using two main enzymes.

    肝會透過兩種「酶」來排掉酒精

  • The first reacts with the ethanol molecule to produce a substance called acetaldehyde.

    第一種酶會和乙醇分子產生化學反應,進而生成「乙醛」

  • And the second quickly turns acetaldehyde into acetate, which is similar to vinegar and easy for the body to eliminate.

    而第二種酶此時會快速地將乙醛變成乙酸酯,乙酸酯的功能和醋很相似,可以輕易地從人體排出

  • It's that second enzyme that really screws things up for people with Asian flush.

    而惹人厭的「東方潮紅」便是於第二種酶作用時伴隨而來的反應

  • If you look inside our DNA

    看看我們的 DNA

  • you'll find that the gene providing the instructions for that enzyme

    你會發現本該和第二種酶合作的基因

  • was tweaked at some point in our history

    在某段演化的進程中就這麼改變了

  • And that gene mutation produces an inactive enzyme

    而這基因在變種之後所生成的酶變得不活躍

  • So when we drink our bodies accumulate acetaldehyde

    所以當我們在喝酒時,我們身體裡所累積的乙醇

  • at a level about 6 times higher than normal people

    比般人的正常值還要高出六倍

  • If acetaldehyde sounds familiar that maybe because it's similar to formaldehyde

    你可能覺得乙醇似曾相識,那是因為他和甲醛一樣

  • It's toxic

    它有毒

  • That's why it triggers the immune responds

    這就是為什麼我們的免疫系統會產生反應

  • And the red face is really the least of it

    而臉紅其實還不算什麼

  • After having that one beer

    只不過是喝了一杯啤酒

  • I didn't feel tipsy at all, but my heart rate doubled

    儘管我一點都不覺得暈,我的心跳加速了

  • My eyes were bloodshot, and within half hour I had a headache

    我的眼睛脹紅,而不到一個小時我會頭痛

  • Even worse, acetaldehyde can cause cancer

    更慘的是,乙醛會導致癌症

  • It's a problem because people can actually develop a tolerance to Asian flush

    麻煩的是人們可以逐漸地適應東方潮紅所帶來的不適

  • and that allows them to drink pretty heavily

    而這也導致他們喝得更多

  • Studies have shown that heavy drinking raises the risk of esophageal cancer for everyone

    根據研究顯示,酗酒會提高罹患食道癌的風險

  • but especially for people with Asian flush

    尤其是有著「東方潮紅」的人

  • So it's potentially problematic that alcohol consumption in Asia has been increasing

    所以亞洲人喝酒比例的上升隱含著淺在的風險

  • especially in China

    特別是在中國

  • So if you have an Asian flush, be careful

    所以如果你有「東方潮紅」,你要小心

  • Your body is freaking out for a reason

    你的身體其實是在發出警訊

  • And if you don't flush...just don't expect us to keep up with you

    但是如果你沒有這個問題...那麽,別太常揪我們去喝酒

  • And also...

    還有啊...

  • "You don't have to bring it up every time...like, yes I know that you're red..."

    「你其實不需要每次都提到我喝酒會臉紅.......」

  • "I know this, thanks, awesome..."

    「我自己知道...謝啦...」

For most people when they drink alcohol

每當人們喝酒

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