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  • Many people buy organic food, hoping to feel healthier and potentially have a positive impact on the environment.

    很多人買有機食物,覺得這樣比較健康,也希望能對環境有正面的影響。

  • But our organic food's even better for you and the environment in the first place?

    但是,有機食物真的對你的健康跟環境有所幫助嗎?

  • For plans, the term organic basically means something grown without the use of synthetic fertilizer or pesticides.

    「有機」基本上指沒有使用合成肥料或是合成殺蟲劑的產品。

  • But this is a little bit misleading.

    不過這其中有點誤會

  • You see consumers buy organic to avoid pesticides all together.

    消費者購買有機食物為的是避免接觸到殺蟲劑

  • But the truth is organic farmers can still use pesticides or fungicides to prevent insects from destroying their crops.

    但是,事實是,有機農夫一樣可以使用殺蟲劑或殺菌劑,避免昆蟲破壞農作物

  • They just can't be synthetically made.

    只要不是合成製作的殺蟲劑或殺菌劑就行了

  • There are all over twenty chemicals approved for organic used in the US derived from natural sources like plants.

    在美國,超過二十種由植物萃取而成的化學物質,能夠被合法使用於有機作物的栽培中

  • But studies have shown that some natural pesticides are actually a more serious health and environment risk than man-made ones.

    但是研究指出,有些天然殺蟲劑替人類健康與環境所帶來的風險,事實上比人造殺蟲劑還大

  • Not to say they are all bad, but simply that "Natural" doesn't mean always better for you or the environment.

    並不是所有的殺蟲劑都不好,但是「天然」也不代表對人類與環境永遠都是好的

  • On top of this, not all organic foods are even completely organic.

    回到一開始,也不是全部的有機食物都是有機的

  • If a label simply says "organic", it only has to contain 95 percent organic ingredients.

    如果標籤上寫著:「有機的」,可能只有百分之九十五的有機成分

  • The label "made with organic ingredients" on items like bread may only contain 70 percent,

    又或是貼有「用有機原料做成」標籤的麵包,可能的有機成份只有百分之七十

  • while "containing organic ingredients" may only have 50 percent.

    而「含有機成分」的標籤,可能只有百分之五十

  • Only when a label says "100 percent organic" does it contain purely organic ingredients.

    只有貼有「百分之百有機」標籤的內容物全都是有機原料

  • And for what is worth, the term "free range" only also only requires evidences to the access to the outdoors for a minimum of 5 minutes per day.

    不論好壞,「放養」的標籤,其實只要動物一天有被「放風」五分鐘就可以算數了

  • Interestingly, a meta-analysis conducts in 2012 found that organic crop yields are 25 percent lower on average than conventional ones,

    有趣的是,一項2012年的綜合分析發現,有機作物的年產量比一般作物的產量少百分之二十五

  • though differences vary greatly between types of crops.

    但是,不同作物的收成情況也大有不同

  • For example, organic vegetable yields are typically 33 percent lower than conventional ones,

    例如,有機蔬菜的產量一般而言比一般蔬菜的產量少百分之三十三

  • putting a greater strain on the natural environment as more farmland is required.

    因為需要更多耕地的緣故,所以對自然環境造成很大的壓力

  • However, organic like legume yields are only 5 percent lower as they are more efficient at absorbing nitrogen from organic fertilizers.

    但是,因為豆科植物能夠有效率地吸收有機肥料中的氮,所以產量只少百分之五

  • Of course, many organic farming practices like crop rotations and mixed planting as opposed to using monoculture are better for the soil and environment.

    當然,跟單一種植的方式相比,作物輪種與混合種植的有機耕作方式,對土壤與環境而言都比較好

  • But are they better for you?

    但是,對你而言,有機食物真的比較好嗎?

  • After analyzing 237 studies, researchers concluded the organic food and veggies are no more nutritious than conventionally grown food.

    分析了237份研究之後,研究者指出,有機食物與蔬菜並不會比傳統種植的作物營養

  • However, long-term studies of purely organic diets are difficult as most people eat a mixture of food with non-organic ingredients.

    但是,要長期研究有機飲食方式實在困難重重,因為大部分的人吃下肚的食物都含有「非有機的」成分

  • Those on short-term organic diets do show higher levels of carotenoids, polyphenols,

    短期有機飲食確實讓攝食者擁有較高的類胡蘿蔔素、多酚

  • Vitamin C and E, LDL cholesterol, antioxidant activity, immune system markers and even higher semen quality.

    維他命C與E、低密度脂蛋白、抗氧化活性,免疫系統增強,精蟲的品質也會提高

  • But the differences are clinically insignificant.

    但是,這些差異在臨床上並不顯著

  • Children placed on organic diets for ten days have lower levels of organophosphates in their urine,

    維持十天有機飲食的兒童,尿液中的有機磷含量較低

  • which in higher concentrations are associated with neurological problems,

    高含量的有機磷,則與神經疾病脫不了關係

  • but both levels or orders of magnitude lower than the amount needed to cause clinical harm.

    但是,其程度跟量都沒有達到造成臨床傷害的標準

  • And just because something is organic doesn't make it better.

    有機食物並不是一定比較好

  • A bag of organic chips, for example, is still deep fried, carbohydrates with very little nutritional value.

    例如:一包有機洋芋片,一樣是油炸的,而且內含的碳水化合物營養價值非常低。

  • Most surprising is that organic food has higher incidence of being dangerous.

    令人驚訝的是,有機食品的危險性可能更高

  • Though organic food accounts for only 1 percent of agricultural acreage or space,

    雖然有機作物的種植只佔了農地面積的百分之一

  • they account for 7 percent of recalled food units in 2015.

    但是,2015年「被召回的食物」當中,有機食品就佔了百分之七

  • For example, this year, several flavors of Clif Bars were recalled from stores due to organic sun flower kernels

    好幾種口味的Clif Bars (食品品牌) 都被回收了,這是因為,裡面的太陽花籽

  • that were potentially contaminated with listeria-

    可能已被「李斯特菌」污染

  • a bacterium which kills hundreds in the US each year.

    每年,美國有數百人因這種細菌而喪命

  • Another study found E.coli in 10 percent of organic produce compared to 2 percent in conventional ones.

    另一項研究發現,10%的有機食品還有大腸桿菌,但是一般食品可能只有2%

  • The truth is, eating organic food can be good for you and in some way better for the environment,

    事實是,有機食品對你的身體或是環境可能有所益處

  • but it's not the be all and end all.

    但這並不是最終目標

  • Production methods vary greatly for both organic and conventional foods,

    有機食品與一般食品的生產方式差異極大

  • from one farm to another, or from local farms to factory farms.

    使用的農地不同,在地農夫與工廠生產作物的方式也不同

  • And it's likely a combination of methods that will lead to the greatest result for your health and the environment.

    或許,種植方式的混合才是對人類與環境最好的

  • Organic and conventional food can co-exist and don't have to be at odds with one another.

    有機作物與一半作物可以共存

  • Anyone who tells you with 100 percent certainty that one way is fully better than the other, is ignoring the science.

    假如有任何人很確定地跟你說,某種方式一定比較好的時候,那他一定沒從科學的角度考慮

  • When it comes to your own health, it's really a combination of diet, exercise, various other lifestyles of choices, and of course, your genetics.

    而你自己健康,其實取決於飲食、運動、多樣的生活型態,以及基因

Many people buy organic food, hoping to feel healthier and potentially have a positive impact on the environment.

很多人買有機食物,覺得這樣比較健康,也希望能對環境有正面的影響。

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