So, these are mistakes that native speakers make in conversation with other native speakers.

所以，這些是英文母語人士在與他人對話時會犯的錯誤

So for those of you who are just learning the language, this is good for you too

如果才剛學習英文的人，這堂課會對你們很有幫助

because you will hear these mistakes being made on the street.

因為你們平常在路上就會聽到這些錯誤用法

And if you're wondering: "Hey, that doesn't sound correct. Why, why is that person not using correct grammar?"

而你們會想：「嘿！那聽起來怪怪的。為什麼那個人會用錯文法？」

It's because they might not know that they are using incorrect grammar.

那是因為他們可能也不知道，他們用錯了

Those of you who are English speakers: well, this is the stuff that drives English teachers absolutely crazy.

恩，你們有些是英文母語者的人，這些錯誤的文法絕對會讓你們的英文老師抓狂不已

So, let's begin with number one: Double Negatives.

所以，我們來看第一個會犯的錯誤：雙重否定

Okay, so what's a double negative? There are three examples on the board. We have:

雙重否定是什麼意思？白板上有三個例子：

"I didn't see nothing.," "She didn't do nothing.," "They don't buy nothing with trans fats."

「我有看到（nothing）」、「她不會無緣無故做這件事（nothing）」、和「他們肯定有買含反式脂肪（是一種不飽和指肪酸，像是酥油或是炸薯條）的東西（nothing）」

Okay, now you see two negative words in each of these three sentences. In the first one:

在這三個句子中，你們可以看到兩個否定字。第一句：

"I didn't" so "didn't" obviously is a negative word. We have "nothing" which is also a negative word.

「I didn't」，不用說「didn't」就是一個否定詞，還有「nothing」也是另一個否定詞

So if you say "I didn't see nothing," you actually mean that you saw something.

所以，如果你們說「I didn't see nothing」，指的是你們有看到某件事

So you're giving the opposite meaning of what you actually want to say.

所以，你們用否定的字詞，來強調你們真正想表達的意思

So what word should replace "nothing" in these three sentences?

這三個句子中，什麼字可以用來取代「nothing」？

"Anything", that's absolutely correct.

用「Anything」絕對沒問題

So, you can say, "I didn't see anything.," "She didn't do anything." Or: "They don't buy anything with trans fats."

你們可以說，「我沒看到任何東西（anything）」、「她沒有做任何事（anything）」、或是「他們沒有買任何含有反式脂肪的東西（anything）」

Okay, so just remember: watch out for those double negatives.

要記得：小心這些雙重否定的用法

Now, on to number two: "Less" vs. "Fewer." Okay, so this is a question of count and non-count nouns.

第二個：「Less」相對於「Fewer」的用法。這是有關可數與不可數的問題

Basically, when you use "less," you should only be using it with non-count nouns.

基本上，你們只能在不可數名詞時，用「less」

So we're talking about nouns like honey, water, milk -- anything you can think of that

像是蜂蜜、水、牛奶－任何你們可以想到的

you can't really count like abstract concepts like love or justice, for example.

你們無法數的抽象名詞，像是愛或是正義

Now, things that you can count and are in plural form should be using "fewer."

而當東西是複數或是你們可以數時，就要用「fewer」

So in these three examples there are three mistakes. We have: "There were less than 50 people at the club.,"

所以，在這三個例句中，有三個錯誤。「夜店裡的客人竟不到五十人（less）」

"There are less reasons to own a home phone today.," "I know less languages than my cousin."

「現今較沒理由來辦家用電話（less）」、和「我會的語言比我的堂兄弟姊妹還要少（less）」

All of these are absolutely wrong because they all use "less,"

這三個都是錯的，因為他們都用「less」

which you should be using for non-count nouns. But, if you look at this closely: "people" -- you can count people.

「less」是在不可數名詞時才可用。但，如果你們注意看：「people（人們）」－－人們是可以數的

You have "reasons" -- you can count reasons. "Languages" -- you can also count languages.

你們有「reasons（理由）」－－理由是可以數的。「Languages（語言）」－語言是可以數的

So with all of these, you should actually be saying, "fewer, fewer, fewer."

所以，全部這些，你們都應該要用「fewer、fewer、和fewer」

Now, I know this is a mistake that I hear commonly, especially with relation to people. "Less people" --

我常常聽到這個錯誤的用法：「Less people」

you should actually be saying, "Fewer people, fewer reasons, fewer,"-- sorry -- "fewer languages."

你們都應該要說：「Fewer People、fewer reasons、fewer languages」

Okay. So remember: if it's plural, it's countable, you're thinking "less/fewer."

所以，你們要用「less或fewer」時，要想看看是複數還是可數的

If you can count it, it's plural: "fewer."

如果是複數可數的，就用「fewer」

Now, let's move on to number three: "I could care less." This is an expression we use when

我們再來看第三個：「我才不在乎！」這是一個表達方式，我們可以用來表示

we want to say that we have almost no interest in something that one of our friends or somebody has just said.

我們對某件事極度沒興趣，像是朋友或是某人講的某件事

So for example: -"Spain won the World Cup!" And you might, say, hear somebody say, -

例如：「西班牙贏了世界盃！」你們可能會聽到有人說－

"I don't care about soccer, I could care less about this.," -"Dianne bought a new purse!" -

「我對足球沒興趣、我一點都不在乎」－「Dianne買了一個新皮包」－

"I don't know Dianne, I don't know her very well; I could care less about Dianne buying a new purse."

「我不認識Dianne，我跟她不熟，所以，我不在乎Dianne是不是買了個新皮包」

-"Do you like U2?" -"I could care less about U2." Maybe

－「你們喜歡U2（都柏林的愛爾蘭四人搖滾樂團）嗎？」－「我一點都不在乎U2」。可能

because I'm not a fan of rock and roll or I just don't like the band, or I don't like

因為我不喜歡搖滾樂、根本就不愛樂團、或是不喜歡

Bono's political views or something like that. Now, this expression: "I could care less,"

Bono（主唱兼旋律吉他手）的政治觀點、等等。這個表達方式：「I could care less」

actually says that you care a little bit. So what you're trying to say is not exactly

指的是你們還是多少在乎。所以，你們說這句話，並不是完全

what you're trying to say. If you want to say that you have no interest or this doesn't affect you in some way,

達到你們完全不關心的意思。如果你們想要說你們對一件事沒興趣或完全不關心

the expression is: "I could not care less." Okay? So let's just fix this up here and say: "I couldn't care less."

你們應該要說：「I could not care less」。我們可以直接說：「I couldn't care less」

This means your interest is so low that there's nowhere for you to go.

指的是你們完全一點興趣都沒有

If you say: "I could care less," maybe you care this much and you could still care a little more -- or sorry --, care a little less.

如果你們說：「I could care less」，可能你們還是有點在意

Okay guys, so again, next time

所以，你們要記得，下次

you want to show that you don't have any interest in a topic a person is talking to you about,

你們想要說你們對那個人講的話沒有任何興趣的話

say: "I couldn't care less." Now let's move on to number four: "Have went."

就說：「I couldn't care less」。第四個：「Have went」

This is a problem of using the incorrect verb form. So basically in English, you're going

這一個是用錯動詞型態。基本上，在英文中，你們會

to have three verb forms for each verb. So for example: with the verb "go" we have the

有三種的動詞型態。例如：動詞「go」，我們會有

present: "go," the past: "went," and we have the past participle which we use in the perfect forms of English,

現在式：「go」，過去式：「went」，和過去分詞也就是完成式：

which is "gone." So when you use: "have + went," you actually mean:

「gone」。所以，你們說：「have went」時，實際上，你們要講的是：

"have gone" and you should be saying: "have gone."

「have gone」。你們都應該要講：「have gone」

So I have three examples here. "I've went to Ohio 3 times!," "We should've went earlier.,"

我這邊有三個例句：「我去過俄亥俄州三次（have went）」、「我們應該早一點出發（have went）」、

"They could've went with us." All of these are wrong because they all use the incorrect form of the verb "go."

和「他們早該跟我們一起走（have went）」。這些全部都是錯的，因為他們用錯「go」的動詞型態

So instead of saying: "I've went to Ohio 3 times!" we should be saying:

所以，不要說：「我去過俄亥俄州三次（have went）」，我們要說：

"I've gone to Ohio 3 times!," "We should've went earlier." --"We should've gone earlier.,"

「我去過俄亥俄州三次（have gone）」。不是「我們應該早一點出發（have went）」，而是「我們應該早一點出發（have gone）」、

"They could've went with us." --"They could've gone with us."

和不是「他們早該跟我們一起走（have went）」－而是「他們早該跟我們一起走（have gone）」

So basically, any time you have "have" plus the verb "go" in like the past form so:

基本上，每次用「have」和動詞「go」時，像是過去形態一樣

"could have, should have, might have, would have" or just simply "have,"

「could have、should have、might have、would have」、或是簡單的用「have」就好

please use the correct form of the verb, which is "gone." Now, let's move on to the final mistake,

但，要用對動詞型態「gone」。最後一個錯誤

number five: "Is/Are" and "Was/Were." Now, this is a mistake between thinking there is one of something

第五個；「Is和Are」和「Was和Were」。這個錯誤是有關某件東西之一

versus many of something. So for example: normally we use "is" with the subject "he/she," right?

相對於很多的某樣東西。例如，我們提到主詞「he和she」時，通常都會用「is」

"He is," "she is," or "it is," and we use "are" with which subject?

「He is」、「she is」、或是「it is」，那「are」是適合哪種主詞呢？

Well, we can say: "You are" or "they are," right? For the plural "they." However, many

我們可以說：「You are」或是「they are」，對吧？複數「they」。但，很多

English speakers make the mistake of using "is" when they should be using "are,"

英語母語者都會用「is」。但，實際上他們要用的是「are」

like in the three examples I have here. So we have "There's 2 cars in the driveway,"

這三個例子。「車道上有兩台車（There is）」、

"There was 3 mice in the kitchen!," and "There wasn't enough students to run the program."

「有三隻老鼠在廚房（There was）」、和「沒有足夠的學生，這計畫開不成（There wasn't）」

Now, all these three examples have plurals. So we have "2 cars," we have "3 mice,"

這三個例句都用到複數。我們提到「兩台車」、「三隻老鼠」、

we have "students," these all mean plural. So if you have a verb -- a verb, I apologize,

和「很多學生」。這些都是複數。所以，你們有一個動詞－不好意思，我說錯了

I meant an object --, a noun that is plural, you should be using "are."

我的意思是－個複數名詞的話，你們就要接複數動詞「are」

So we don't say: "There's 2 cars," we say: "There are 2 cars in the driveway."

我們不能說：「那有兩台車（There is）」。我們要說「車道上有兩台車（There are）」

We don't say: "There was 3 mice in the kitchen!" --"There were 3 mice in the kitchen."

我們不能說：「有三隻老鼠在廚房（There was）」－而要說：「有三隻老鼠在廚房（There were）」

We don't say: "There wasn't enough students," you say: "There weren't enough students to run the program."

我們不能說：「不夠學生（There wasn't」，而要說：「沒有足夠的學生，這計畫開不成（There weren't）」

Okay guys, so just as a reminder: please, please try and avoid these mistakes.

請你們大家要記得，不要再犯這些錯誤

We have double negatives, "less and fewer," "could care less," "have went," and up here: "is/are, was/were."

我們講了雙重否定、「less和fewer」、「could care less」、「have went」、和白板上的「is、are,、was、和were」

If you'd like to test your understanding of this knowledge, you can check out the quiz on www.engvid.com.

如果你們想要看看你們了解了多少，可以到www.engvid.com.做個小測驗

Good luck guys, and take care.

祝各位好運和保重！

Learn English for free www.engvid.com.

來www.engvid.com網站免費學英文