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The Gospel according to Matthew. It's one of the earliest official accounts about
馬太福音,是關於拿撒勒人耶穌最早的一份正式記錄
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Jesus of Nazareth--his life, his death and his resurrection. The book itself is
內容包括了他的生平、死亡、和復活。這個書卷
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anonymous but the earliest reliable tradition links it to Matthew the tax
雖未指明作者的身份,但依據最早的傳統觀點作者應是稅吏馬太
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collector who was one of the twelve apostles that Jesus appointed and he
他是耶穌所指定的十二門徒之一
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actually appears within the book itself. For about thirty to forty years the
他本人也有出現在此書卷的內容。近三十至四十年之間,
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apostles orally taught and passed on their eyewitness account about Jesus,
使徒們利用口述的方式來傳授他們對於耶穌的見證
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along with his teachings that they had all memorized. And Matthew has then
以及他們所記住的耶穌教導。
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collected and arranged all these into this amazing tapestry and designed the
馬太將這些記錄收集、編纂成一個令人讚嘆的經典,並且在此書卷中
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book to highlight certain themes about Jesus. In this video we're just going to cover the first
突顯了幾個關於耶穌的主題。在這個影片中我們只會先介紹這個書卷
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half of the book. Specifically, Matthew wants to show how Jesus is the
前半段的內容。具體來說,馬太想要呈現耶穌是如何
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continuation and fulfillment of the whole biblical story about God and
在整個關於神和以色列的聖經故事中,扮演了延續和實現的角色
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Israel--that Jesus is the Messiah from the line of David, that he is a new
即耶穌是大衛王的後裔,也是預言中的彌賽亞(救世主)
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authoritative teacher like Moses, and not only that, Jesus is God with us or, in
他和摩西一樣,是具有權柄的教師。除此之外,耶穌也代同了「神與我們同在」
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Hebrew, Emmanuel. And Matthew has designed this book with an introduction and
即希伯來文中的「以馬內利」。馬太在福音書中加入了「前言」和「結語」
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conclusion and these act like a frame around five clear sections right here in
如同一個框架,突顯出其中五個清晰的主題結構
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the center, each of which concludes with a long block of Jesus's teaching. Now
每個結構都以耶穌的一個長篇教導做為結束
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this design is very intentional and it's amazing. Just watch how this works.
這樣的設計是有意而且精彩的,我們來看看它是如何構思的
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Chapters 1 through 3, they set the stage by attaching Jesus' story right onto the
從章節 1 到 3,他們有意地將耶穌的生平
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storyline of the Old Testament Scriptures. So Matthew opens with the
放進舊約聖經的故事脈絡之中,因此馬太開門見山地描述
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genealogy about Jesus that highlights how he is from the messianic line of the son of
耶穌的家譜,證明他是來自於大衛王之子的彌賽亞譜糸
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David and he is a son of Abraham. That means he's going to bring God's blessing
他同時也是亞伯拉罕之子。這證明了耶穌將要把神的祝福
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to all of the nations. After that we get the famous story about Jesus' birth and
帶給萬國諸邦。在此之後,便是著名的耶穌誕生之故事
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how all of the events fulfilled the Old Testament prophetic promises that the
以及這些事件如何應驗了舊約聖經的預言和應許
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nations would come and honor the Messiah, that the Messiah would be born in Bethlehem,
即神之國即將到來,並榮耀著彌賽亞救世主;救世主即將會誕生在伯利恆
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but even more than that, Jesus' conception by the Holy Spirit, his name Emmanuel, all
此外,耶穌藉由聖靈孕育而生,祂的「以馬內利」之名(神與我們同在)
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these work together to show that Jesus is no mere human. He is God with us; God
皆證明了耶穌不僅是一個人,他是與我們同在的神
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become human.
也是上帝親自降為人的樣式
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So you can see two of Matthew's key themes right here in the introduction. He's
所以你可以看到在這卷書的引言中,馬太所要表達的兩個關鍵主題
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from the line of David, he's Emmanuel. But Matthew also wants to show how Jesus is
耶穌是大衛王的後裔,他是「以馬內利」,然而馬太更想要去呈現耶穌是
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a new Moses. So, like Moses, Jesus came up out of Egypt, he passed through the
一個新的摩西。如同摩西一般,耶穌出自於埃及
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waters of baptism, and he entered into the wilderness for forty days. And then
他經過了受洗,他也進入曠野四十天
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Jesus goes up onto a mountain to deliver his new teaching. So through all of this
然後耶穌登上了山來開始他的教導。所以藉由這些經歷
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Matthew is claiming that Jesus is the promised "greater than Moses" figure who's
馬太欲證明耶穌是那位「比摩西更偉大」的人
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going to deliver Israel from slavery, he's going to give them new, divine
他將要使以色列人從奴役中解放,並且講述新而神聖的教導
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teaching, he's going to save them from their sins, and bring about a new
他要免去人們的罪
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covenant relationship between God and His people.
並且使人和神之間締結新約
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This Moses and Jesus parallel also explains why Matthew has structured the
摩西和耶穌的比較也解釋了為何馬太
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center of the book the way that he did. These five main parts highlight Jesus as
要如此建構此書卷的核心。這五個主要部分將耶穌描述為一個老師
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a teacher. And he's created a parallel. Jesus as a teacher parallels the five
馬太建立了一個對比關係,以耶穌做為老師的身份,
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books of Moses. Jesus is the new authoritative covenant teacher who's
對比摩西所書寫的五個經書。耶穌是新約的權威教師
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going to fulfill the storyline of the Torah. Now in the first section, chapters 4 to 7, Jesus
他將要實現摩西五經的內容。在第一個部份章節 4 - 7 之中
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steps onto the scene announcing the arrival of God's kingdom. And this is
耶穌在故事中宣揚了天國的到來
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really key. The kingdom is in essence about God's rescue operation for his
而這是一個重要的關鍵。天國其實是上帝對於這個世界的救贖計劃
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whole world and it's taking place through King Jesus. Jesus has come to
而這個計劃是透過主耶穌來進行
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confront evil, especially spiritual evil and its whole legacy of demon oppression
耶穌起身對抗邪惡,尤其是精神上的罪惡、未停歇的魔鬼壓迫
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and disease and death. Jesus has come to restore God's rule and reign over the
以及疾病和死亡。耶穌意欲恢復上帝的誡命來統治這個世界
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whole world by creating a new family of people who will follow him,
藉由建立一個如家庭般的人群來追隨他。
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obey His teachings, and live under his rule. So after Jesus begins healing
遵守他的教誨,活在他的誡命之下。因此當耶穌開始醫治人群
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people and forming a movement, a community, he takes his followers out to a mountain
逐漸成為一種群眾運動,他帶著追隨著們上了山
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or a hillside, and he delivers his first big block of teaching, traditionally called
耶穌演說了第一個長篇講道,即所謂的
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the Sermon on the Mount. And here Jesus explores what it looks like to follow
「登山寶訓」。耶穌闡述了他的信徒,以及
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him and live in God's kingdom. And its an upside-down Kingdom where there are no
住在天國的人的生活態度。而這是一個很顛覆的國度,因為在其中沒有任何的
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privileged members. So the poor, the nobody's, the wealthy, the religious--
特權人士。所以貧窮的人、卑微的人、富有的人、虔誠的人
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everybody is invited and is called to turn, to repent, and to follow Jesus and
所有的人都被邀請至天國,並且要回頭悔改來追隨耶穌
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join his family. Jesus says that he's not here to set aside the commands of the
加入他的家庭。耶穌說他來到世界,不是為了要來廢掉律法
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Torah or the Old Testament. Rather, he's here to fulfill all of that through
而是要透過他的生命來成全所有的律法
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his life, through his teachings. He's here to transform the hearts of his people so
透過他的教導。他來到世界是為了要轉化人的內心
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that they can truly love God and love their neighbor, including their enemy.
如此他們才能真正的愛神、愛他們的鄰舍,甚至包含他們的仇敵。
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After concluding his great teaching on the kingdom, the next section shows Jesus
結束了耶穌對於天國的偉大教導之後,下一個章節描述了耶穌
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bringing the kingdom into reality in the day-to-day lives of people. So Matthew's
將天國帶到人間,形成人群的日常生活。
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arranged here nine stories about Jesus bringing the power of God's kingdom into
馬太安排了九個故事,述說耶穌如何將神國的大能帶進
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the lives of hurting, broken people. There are three groups of three stories
那些受傷、破碎之人的生命。共有三組、每組又有三個這樣的故事。
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and they're all about people who are sick or have broken bodies or they're in
他們都是患病、殘疾之人、或是落入危難之中
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danger and Jesus heals or saves them by these acts of grace and power. And then
耶穌藉由恩典和力量來治癒、解救了他們
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right in between these triads we find two parallel stories about Jesus' call
而在這三組故事之中,我們發現有兩個相呼應的故事提到了耶穌
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that people should follow him.
呼籲大家起身跟隨他
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Matthew is making a point here. One can only experience the power of Jesus' grace
馬太在此強調了一點,即一個人若要經歷耶穌恩典的大能
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by following him and becoming his disciple. Now after Matthew has shown the
必須要跟隨他,並且成為他的門徒。在馬太描述
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power of the kingdom through Jesus, Jesus then extends his reach by sending out the
天國的大能如何透過耶穌展現之後,耶穌開始擴展他的影響力,將 12 個門徒分派出去
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12 disciples, who are going to go do what he's been doing, and this leads to the
這些門徒要去實行耶穌曾經做過的事,而這個構成了
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second large block of teaching, chapter 10. And here Jesus teaches his disciples
此書卷中第二段的教導,在章節 10,在此耶穌教導他的門徒
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how to announce the kingdom and what to expect once they do. Many among Israel
如何去宣揚天國已近的消息,以及他們將會遇到的情形。許多以色列人
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are accepting Jesus and his offer of the kingdom but Israel's leaders, they aren't.
接受了耶穌以及他所提出的天國,但以色列的領袖卻斷然拒絕
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They stand to lose a lot if they repent and become disciples of Jesus and so
他們如果懺悔並成為耶穌的門徒,他們將會一敗塗地
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jesus knows they're going to reject him and persecute his followers, which is
因此耶穌知道他們將會抵制耶穌,並且迫害耶穌的追隨者
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exactly what happens. In the next section, chapters 11 through 13, Matthew has
這些事件的確都發生了。在書卷的下一個部份,第 11 - 13 章
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collected a group of stories about how people are responding to Jesus and His
馬太蒐集了許多故事,是有關於群眾如何回應耶穌和他的教導
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message and it's a mixed bag. So some stories are positive-- people love Jesus
這些內容五花八門,有的故事很正向,有的群眾愛耶穌
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and they think he's the messiah. Others are more neutral, like John the Baptist
認為耶穌是救世主,有的人則保持觀望,像是施洗約翰
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or even the members of Jesus' own family. And they make it clear that Jesus
甚至包含耶穌的家人。他們表明了耶穌不是他們所期待的樣子
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is not what they expected. And then you have Israel's leaders. They're entirely
也有一些以色列的領袖,他們是完全敵視耶穌
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negative. You have the Pharisees and the Bible scholars. They all reject Jesus
有所謂的法利賽人和聖經學者,他們都排斥耶穌
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together. They think he's a false teacher, he's leading the people astray, they think
他們認為耶穌是個冒牌老師,他帶著群眾誤入歧途
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he's blasphemous in these exalted claims he's making about himself.
他們認為耶穌高抬自己是一種褻瀆的行為
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But Jesus isn't surprised or thrown by all these diverse responses. In fact, he
但是耶穌對於這些不同的反應不以為意,事實上
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focuses on it in the third block of teaching, chapter 13. Here Matthew has
耶穌仍致力於他的教導,這些被記載於書卷的第三個部份,即第 13 章
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collected together a bunch of Jesus' parables about the kingdom, like about a
馬太在此蒐集了許多耶穌關於天國的比喻
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farmer throwing seed on four types of soil or about a mustard seed or a pearl or
像是一個農夫撒種在四種不同的土壤上、或是一種芥菜種、或一顆珍珠
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buried treasure. These parables are like a commentary on the stories that you've
或是埋藏起來的寶藏。這些比喻就像是針對先前故事的評論
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just read in chapters 11 and 12. Some people are accepting Jesus with
即你剛才在章節 11 和 12 所讀到的故事。有些人很熱情地接受了耶穌
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enthusiasm, others are rejecting him. But God's kingdom is of ultimate value and it
有些人則排斥他。但是神之國是無價的
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will not stop spreading despite all of these obstacles. So that's the first half
無論什麼樣的困境都無法阻止它的流傳。所以這是前半段
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of the Gospel according to Matthew. Now, here's a few more things to look for as
的馬太福音。現在這裡有幾件事值得去探索
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you read through these chapters. Matthew's presenting Jesus, remember, as the
當你讀完了這些章節之時。不要忘記馬太欲將耶穌塑造成
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continuation and fulfillment of the Old Testament story line. So look for how he
繼承和實踐舊約聖經故事的角色。所以去找一找馬太如何
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weaves in quotations from the Old Testament Scriptures and what you'll
從舊約聖經中引用那些經文,而你會發現
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find is that they're placed at strategic points in the story, explaining more
這些引文都放在耶穌故事中很特別之處,來解釋
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about Jesus and his identity. So stop, take time to go look up these references
更多有關耶穌和他的身份。所以不妨停下來,花點時間來參閱這些引文
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and read them in their Old Testament context and most often you'll discover
並且在舊約聖經的文本中進行閱讀,如此你常會發現
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really cool, interesting connections. Lastly, pay attention to the types of
這兩間之間有很酷、很有趣的連結。最後,留意一下
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people who accept Jesus and follow him. And you'll see that it's most often
是那一類型的人會接受、追隨耶穌。你會發現通常是
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people who are unimportant, they're nobody's, or their irreligious. And these
那些不起眼的人。他們是無名之輩,也沒有什麼虔誠的信仰
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are the people who are transformed by their trust or faith in Jesus and follow
而卻是這些人因為信耶穌、追隨耶穌而得到重生再造
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him. And it's the religious and the prideful who are offended by him. So how
敵視耶穌的反而都是那些信仰虔誠、高傲自大的人
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is this tension between Jesus and israel's leaders going to play itself
所以耶穌和以色列首領之間的緊張關係
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out?
會演變成如何呢?
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That's what the second half of Matthew is all about.
這就是馬太福音後半段內容的概要