In this lesson I am going to teach you how to

在本課中，我將教你如何進行

form a past perfect

成了過去式

and when to use

以及何時使用

a past perfect.

a過去式。

But before we get started it's good to know that in the English language we have

但在我們開始之前，很高興知道在英語中，我們有了

regular,

定期。

and irregular verbs.

和不規則動詞。

It is advisable that you study the most commonly used irregular verbs.

建議你學習最常用的不規則動詞。

Now let's get started.

現在讓我們開始吧。

Take a look at these sentences:

看看這些句子。

I had painted the door yellow.

我把門刷成了黃色。

They had paid for dinner themselves.

他們自己支付了晚餐的費用。

Both these sentences are in the past perfect tense.

這兩個句子都是過去完成時。

How do we form a past perfect?

我們如何形成過去的完形？

For the regular verbs we use to auxiliary verb to have

對於常規的動詞，我們用助動詞來助詞有

in it's past form which is had,

在它'的過去形式是有。

and the past participle.

和過去分詞。

The past participle can be made by adding -ed to the base form of the verb.

過去分詞可以在動詞的基礎形式上加上-ed。

For example I had kissed her.

比如我吻過她。

You had worked late.

你工作到很晚。

He had cleared the table.

他已經清理了桌子。

She had placed it on the floor.

她把它放在了地上。

It had snowed.

下雪了。

For the plural forms we do the same.

對於複數形式，我們也是這樣做的。

We had walked to school.

我們是步行去學校的。

You had watched the tennis match and they had marked the tests. they have marked the tests

你看了網球比賽，他們也做了標記。

No we need to pay extra attention attention to verbs that end in an -e, such as live,

不，我們需要格外注意以-e結尾的動詞，如live。

close and wipe.

合，並擦拭。

The verbs use had

動詞使用了

and a part participle

和分詞

but,

但是，

when forming a past particple we only use the base form of the verb and add a 'd'.

當形成過去分詞時，我們只用動詞的基本形式，並加上一個'd'。

For example:

例如：

I had lived there

我在那裡住過

He had closed the window

他把窗戶關上了

They had wiped the floor.

他們已經把地板擦乾淨了。

We also need to pay

我們還需要支付

extra attention to verbs that end a - y,

格外注意a-y結尾的動詞。

especially those preceded by consonant such as spy and study.

特別是那些以輔音為前綴的，如間諜和學習。

Here the 'y' becomes an 'i'

這裡的'y'變成了'i&#39。

For example:

例如：

He had spied on his neighbours

他曾監視他的鄰居

and we had studied hard.

而我們也曾努力學習。

Now let's have a look at the past perfect for the irregular verbs,

現在我們來看看不規則動詞的過去完成時。

again we use the past simple form of

再用過去的簡單形式

to have

具備

and a past participle

和過去分詞

but here the past participle has a unique past perfect form.

但這裡的過去分詞有一個獨特的過去完成式。

For example:

例如：

I had built that shed with my own two hands.

那個棚子是我親手搭建的。

The infinitive form of the verb is 'to build.'

動詞的不定式是'建立.&#39。

She had bought some flowers at the market. The infinitve form of the verb is 'to buy.'

她在市場上買了一些花。該動詞的不定式是'買.&#39。

We had run the marathon.

我們已經跑完了馬拉松。

The infinitive form of the verb is 'to run.'

動詞的不定式是'跑.&#39。

Let's have a look at the past perfect in questions for the regular forms

讓我們來看看過去的完形填空題的常規形式

again we use the past simple form of the auxiliary verb to have

又用過去簡單的助動詞形式來表示 "有"。

and the past participle.

和過去分詞。

Again

再來

the base form of the verb and 'ed.'

動詞的基本形式和'ed.&#39。

Had she talked to him?

她和他談過了嗎？

Had you kicked the ball?

你把球踢了嗎？

Had they worked on a farm?

他們在農場工作過嗎？

For the irregular verbs,

對於不規則動詞。

we also use

我們也用

the auxiliary verb to have, so had

的助動詞，所以曾

and the past participle and again the unique past perfect form

和過去分詞以及獨特的過去完成式

Had she quit her job?

她辭職了嗎？

Had you driven her car?

你開過她的車嗎？

Had they paid for dinner?

他們付了晚餐的錢嗎？

Let's have alook at the past perfect in negations.

讓我們來看看否定式中的過去完成式。

First the regular verbs,

先說常規動詞。

we use had

我們用的是

plus not contracting it into hadn't

再加上沒有把它承包到hadn't。

and the past participle

和過去分詞

which again is made by adding 'ed' to the base form of the verb.

這又是通過在動詞的基礎形式上加上'ed'來實現的。

I hadn't listened to the news.

我沒有'聽過新聞。

It hadn't rained since Friday. They hadn't closed the window.

從週五開始就沒下過雨。 他們沒有'關窗。

For the irregular verbs we use had and not contracting it into hadn't,

對於不規則的動詞，我們用had，而不是把它收縮成hadn't。

and the past participle

和過去分詞

but again here

但這裡

the past participle has a unique past perfect form.

過去分詞有一個獨特的過去完成式。

For example

比如說

She hadn't quit her job.

她沒有辭掉工作。

You hadn't ever driven her car

你從來沒有開過她的車。

and they hadn't paid for dinner.

而且他們還沒有支付晚餐的費用。

Now let's have a look at when we use a past perfect.

現在讓我們來看看什麼時候使用過去式。

We use a past perfect for things that happened in the past but before something

我們用過去完成時來表示過去發生的事情，但在某件事情之前

else in the past. So we use it to co-ordinate the past. We have two things

其他的過去。所以我們用它來協調過去。我們有兩件事

happening in the past perfect

過去的事

and the past perfect happened

而過去的完美髮生

at the furthest point in the past. For example I had brushed my teeth before I went to bed.

在過去的最遠處。比如我睡覺前刷了牙。

So first I brushed my teeth and then I went to bed and both these things happened

所以我先刷牙，然後睡覺，這兩件事都發生了。

in the past.

在過去，。

Another example is: They decided to buy a car after the old one had broken down.

另一個例子是。他們決定在舊車壞了之後買一輛車。

So first their old car broke down

所以先是他們的舊車壞了

and then they decided to buy a car.

然後他們決定買一輛車。

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