Neil: And I'm Neil.

而我是尼爾。

Alice: So, Neil, what's the best holiday you've ever had?

愛麗絲所以，尼爾，什麼是最好的節日 你曾經有過？

Neil: That would be scuba diving on the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia.

尼爾：那就是在澳洲海岸的大堡礁上進行水肺潛水。

It was awesome! I saw sharks, sea turtles, manta rays...

這真是太棒了！我看到了鯊魚，海龜，蝠鱝... ...

Alice: I certainly don't like the idea of coming nose to nose with a shark!

愛麗絲：我當然不喜歡和鯊魚鼻子對鼻子的想法!

But then diving isn't really my thing.

但潛水並不是我的專長。

I'm more into cultural holidays – you know, visiting the ruins of ancient civilisations.

我更喜歡文化假期--你知道，參觀古代文明的遺址。

Neil: That's very worthy, Alice.

尼爾：這是非常值得的，愛麗絲。

But tourists are actually damaging a number of important sites around the world

但實際上，遊客正在破壞世界上一些重要的遺址。

tramping around, dropping litter, scribbling graffiti everywhere...

亂跑，亂扔垃圾，到處亂塗亂畫......。

Alice: I would never drop litter or scribble graffiti!

愛麗絲：我絕不會亂丟垃圾，也不會亂塗鴉!

Neil: Well, we're talking about world heritage sites today,

尼爾：好吧，我們今天談論的是世界遺產。

which are places UNESCO considers to be at risk from various threats and in need of protection.

這些地方是教科文組織認為有可能受到各種威脅和需要保護的地方。

Heritage means the things a society considers important to its history and culture,

遺產是指一個社會認為對其歷史和文化重要的東西。

for example art, buildings, or natural sites such as the Grand Canyon in the United States.

例如藝術、建築或自然遺址，如美國的大峽谷。

Alice: And the environment poses a number of different threats.

愛麗絲和環境 構成了一些不同的威脅。

So, Neil, can you tell me which sea creature is a potential threat to the Great Barrier Reef's ecosystem?

那麼，尼爾，你能告訴我哪種海洋生物是大堡礁生態系統的潛在威脅嗎？

Is it a ... a) starfish?

是......一）海星？

b) jellyfish? Or c) cuttlefish?

b) 水母？或c)墨魚？

Neil: I will go for b) jellyfish.

尼爾：我會選擇b）水母。

I'm no expert on marine life, but I have eaten jellyfish and I haven't eaten the other ones.

我不是海洋生物專家，但我吃過水母，其他的我還沒吃過。

Alice: Oh, I see. Well, we'll find out later on if you are an expert or not.

愛麗絲。哦，我明白了。好吧，我們待會就會知道你是不是專家了。

But let's listen now to BBC reporter Roger Harrabin talking about other types of threat to heritage sites.

但是，現在讓我們聽聽BBC記者羅傑-哈拉賓談論其他類型的遺產地威脅。

See how many you can spot!

看看你能發現多少!

Roger Harrabin: The most precious wonders of the natural world

羅傑-哈拉賓。自然界最珍貴的奇觀

Australia's Great Barrier Reef,

澳洲的大堡礁。

America's spectacular Grand Canyon,

美國壯觀的大峽谷。

the Barrier Reef of Belize in South America,

在南美洲的貝裡斯大堡礁。

second biggest on Earth – all facing threats from humans.

地球上第二大--都面臨著來自人類的威脅。

The Great Barrier Reef is attracting urgent concern.

大堡礁正引起人們的緊急關注。

There's a huge battle over mining and port development.

在採礦和港口開發上有一場巨大的戰爭。

A giant coalmine has just been given the go-ahead by the Queensland government

昆士蘭政府剛剛準許了一個巨大的煤礦。

even though scientists warn it may damage the Reef.

儘管科學家警告說這可能會破壞珊瑚礁。

Neil: That's the BBC's Roger Harrabin.

尼爾：那是BBC的羅傑-哈拉賓。

Well, I spotted a couple of threats to heritage sites there – mining and port development.

好吧，我發現了幾個對遺產地的威脅--採礦和港口開發。

Now, any type of industrial activity can harm them by, for example,

現在，任何類型的工業活動都會對它們造成傷害，例如：

encroaching on the natural habitat of animals and plants living there,

侵犯生活在那裡的動物和植物的自然棲息地；

or by polluting the water that flows into the site.

或汙染流入該地的水。

Alice: Mining is the process of extracting coal or other minerals from the ground, and

愛麗絲。採礦是開採煤炭或其他礦物質的過程 從地面，和

if you encroach on something, it means you move beyond acceptable limits.

僭越

The interesting thing is that world heritage sites only constitute 0.5% of the Earth's surface

有趣的是，世界遺產只佔地球表面的0.5%。

so why can't people do their mining and industrial development on the remaining 99.5%!

那麼為什麼人們不能在剩下的99.5%的土地上進行採礦和工業發展呢！？

Neil: But there is one human industry that can actually be beneficial for precious sites: tourism.

尼爾：但有一個人類的產業，其實對珍貴的遺址是有好處的，那就是旅遊業。

Alice: But you said earlier that tourism was bad for heritage sites.

愛麗絲。但你之前說過，旅遊業對遺產地不利。

Neil: I know. And I was right, up to a point.

尼爾：我知道。而且我是對的，到了一定程度。

World heritage sites are some of tourism's main attractions, and more and more people are visiting them.

世界遺產地是旅遊業的一些主要景點，越來越多的人去參觀。

So it's all about getting the balance right between generating money to maintain and restore the sites

是以，它的所有關於獲得平衡的權利之間產生的錢，以維護和恢復的網站。

and minimizing the impact of tourist activities.

並儘量減少旅遊活動的影響。

Alice: Such as littering and graffiti.

愛麗絲。比如亂扔垃圾和塗鴉。

Neil: Exactly.

尼爾：沒錯。

And the term for this is sustainable tourism

而這個詞就是可持續旅遊

or tourism designed to have a low impact on the local culture and the environment,

或旨在對當地文化和環境影響較小的旅遊。

while generating employment for local people.

同時為當地人創造就業機會。

Alice: So UNESCO is working to direct governments, site managers and visitors towards sustainable tourism practices

愛麗絲。所以教科文組織正在努力引導政府、景點管理者和遊客採用可持續的旅遊做法

in order to keep our world's natural and cultural heritage safe for future generations.

以便為我們的子孫後代保護世界自然和文化遺產的安全。

Neil: Wow, you can really talk the talk, Alice.

哇，你真能說會道，愛麗絲。

You should work for UNESCO!

你應該為聯合國教科文組織工作！

OK, let's move on now, and listen to Paul Crocombe, of the Snorkelling and Diving Company in Townsville, Queensland, Australia,

好了，現在讓我們動起來，聽聽澳洲昆士蘭州湯斯維爾浮潛和潛水公司的保羅-克羅科姆。

giving his view on how the Great Barrier Reef will cope with threats to its survival.

就大堡礁如何應對其生存威脅發表看法。

Paul Crocombe: The Reef's fairly dynamic, it's been through a couple of ice ages, and is still here,

保羅-克羅科姆：礁石相當有活力，它經歷了幾個冰河時代，現在還在這裡。

so its resilience will ensure that the Reef is still here in years to come.

是以，它的復原力將確保珊瑚礁在未來幾年內仍然存在。

But the species diversity and the... the visual aesthetics of the Reef may change

但物種的多樣性和... 珊瑚礁的視覺美感可能會改變。

quite considerably, especially if we get an increase in sea temperature, an increase in carbon dioxide in the water, and things like that.

特別是如果我們的海水溫度升高 水中的二氧化碳增加，以及類似的事情。

Alice: Paul Crocombe describes the Reef as 'dynamic' and 'resilient'.

愛麗絲。Paul Crocombe將珊瑚礁描述為&39;動態&39;和&39;彈性&39;。

Neil: Dynamic means active or capable of changing and resilience means the ability to recover

尼爾：動態意味著活躍或能夠改變，而彈性意味著恢復能力。

or adapt to change ... which all sounds good.

或適應變化......這聽起來都不錯。

But Paul also says that the species diversity

但保羅也說，物種多樣性

the range of plants and animals ... may change.

植物和動物的範圍.可能會改變。

Alice: Hm... for example,

愛麗絲：嗯......比如說。

a rise in sea temperature would cause a rise in carbon dioxide levels

海水溫度上升將導致二氧化碳水準上升。

and this could have a big impact on both the species diversity and the Reef's visual aesthetic

這可能會對物種多樣性和珊瑚礁的視覺美感產生重大影響。

or the way it looks.

或它的樣子。

Neil: OK, I think it's time now for the answer to today's quiz question, Alice.

好了，我想現在是今天的測驗題的答案了，愛麗絲。

Alice: Yes, I think so too.

愛麗絲，我也這麼認為是的，我也這麼認為。

OK, so, I asked you: Which sea creature poses a potential threat to the Great Barrier Reef's ecosystem?

好吧，我問你。哪種海洋生物對大堡礁的生態系統構成了潛在的威脅？

Is it a type of ... a) starfish, b) jellyfish or c) cuttlefish?

它是一種......a)海星，b)水母或c)墨魚？

Neil: And I said b) jellyfish.

尼爾：我還說b）水母。

Alice: And you got stung, I'm afraid, Neil!

愛麗絲而你被蜇了，我恐怕，尼爾！

Neil: Ouch!

尼爾：哎呀！

Alice: The answer is starfish.

愛麗絲，答案是海星答案是海星。

The crown-of-thorns starfish preys on coral and large outbreaks of these starfish can devastate reefs.

荊棘冠海星以珊瑚為食，這些海星的大量爆發會破壞珊瑚礁。

Now, can you remind us of some of today's vocabulary, Neil?

現在，你能提醒我們一些今天的詞彙嗎，尼爾？

Neil: Sure:

尼爾：當然。

heritage

遺產

encroach on something

侵佔

sustainable tourism

可持續旅遊

dynamic

動態

resilience

復原力

species diversity

物種多樣性

visual aesthetic

視覺美學

Alice: Well, that's the end of today's 6 Minute English. Don't forget to join us again soon!

愛麗絲好了，這就是今天的6分鐘英語的結束。不要忘記很快再加入我們的行列!

Both: Bye!

再見！