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  • In a nutshell, we take the most useful research from cognitive science about how the human

  • brain reasons and makes decisions and the errors that the human brain tends to make

  • when reasoning or making decisions and we turn that research into workshops that people

  • can use to apply it to their own lives and improve their own decision making about their

  • health, their finances, their relationships and the decisions that they make for society

  • and the world in general about how to vote and how to treat other people and what they

  • can do to improve the world

  • One example of rationality in action, just to give you a sense of what it looks like

  • and how it's relevant, back in 1985 Intel had a large foot in the memory chip manufacturing

  • business and they’d been losing money on memory chips for years, so the two cofounders

  • Andy Grove and Gordon Moore met to figure out what to do, and at one point Andy asked,

  • "What do you think a new CEO would do if the board kicked us out and brought in a new CEO?" 

  • And without hesitating Gordon replied, 'Oh, he would get out of the memory business." 

  • And Andy said, "Well, so is there any reason we shouldn't do that, if we just walk out

  • of the door and come back in and switch out of the memory business?"  

  • And in fact that’s exactly what they decided to do, and it was a huge successAnd this

  • is just one example of a cognitive bias that appears in lots of contexts in lots of skills

  • called the commitment effect, where we stick with a business plan or a career or a relationship

  • long after it has become quite clear that it's not doing anything for us or that it's

  • actively destructive or self-destructive because we have an irrational commitment to whatever

  • we have been doing for a while because we don't like to idea of our past investment

  • having gone to waste or because it’s become part of our identity.

  • And the technique that Andy and Gordon used to snap themselves out of the commitment effect

  • is also a really generally useful technique called looking at a problem as if you were

  • an outsider, an outside partyOver the past few decades cognitive scientists have

  • learned a lot about this and many other biases that human brains are subject to when we try

  • to make decisions, but fortunately, cognitive science has also learned a lot about things

  • that we can do to improveSo at the Center for Applied Rationality we're taking that

  • research, teaching people about the biases, where they occur, when we're vulnerable to

  • biases and then teaching them simple and easy mental habits like looking at a problem as

  • if you're an outsider to overcome those biases.  

  • Rationality also is a significant public good, and that's one of the main motivations behind

  • the founding of CFARSociety would look very different if rationality, rational thinking

  • and decision making were widespreadJust to name a few of many, many things that I

  • could name, we as a society would demand evidence from politicians for the claims that they

  • made, we would notice when politicians were misdirecting us by playing on our emotions,

  • we would be less vulnerable to prejudice and to stereotypes because we would be weary of

  • the confirmation bias, which is a very universal bias in which you look for examples that fit

  • a stereotype, but you don't look for examples that don't fit the stereotypes, so you end

  • up confirming and reinforcing a stereotype in your mind

  • We would spend our money much more effectively as a society to stave off important risks

  • The fact that things like terrorism and crimes like abduction are so vividly portrayed on

  • the news makes them much more salient and makes us overweight those risks the same way

  • we overweight any kind of evidence that is particularly vivid or salient, even if it

  • isn’t actually the best bang for our buck in terms of risk reduction.

In a nutshell, we take the most useful research from cognitive science about how the human

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理性在行動。以局外人的身份看待問題 (Rationality in Action: Look at a Problem as an Outsider)

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    VoiceTube 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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