Name: 為什麼人們會認為牛逼是深刻的？ (Why Do People Think Bullsh*t is Profound?)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:09:33.000Z
Duration: 4 min 54 s
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情態副詞

For those of you who don’t know me very well. My previous job was actually as a point

guard for the Los Angeles Sparx. Julian: I call shenanigans on that! You're way more

L: here for DNews. BS is nearly everywhere, and now researchers are making sure it’s

got a place in science journals too. Scientists from the University of Waterloo even put together

a Bullshit Receptivity Scale, designed to gauge how likely people are to fall for it.

According to Princeton Philosopher Harry Frankfurt, though BS can take many forms, there is one

particular type of bull-patty statement that we seem to fall for the most; pseudoprofound-bullshit.

This is made up of statements that lack true meaning - empty statements that are designed

to impress, but don’t really get at anything.

J: Manure peddlers of the pseudotype variety may or may not be aware of the truth - they

may believe what they’re saying even though they are totally clueless. This is different

from liars in that liars are aware of the truth and intentionally manipulate it to deceive

someone. Pseudo profound statements are also different from nonsense, because nonsense

statements, on their surface, are obviously not communicating anything - they may lack

L: Whereas male bovine excrement seems - on the surface - to make sense. In their article

published in the journal Judgment And Decision Making, researchers give some examples of

pseudoprofound-bullshit. I’m including one of them for you to test if you can sniff it

L: Which one of these 3 statements is pseudo-profound: 1: Hidden meaning transforms unparalleled

abstract beauty. 2: Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

3: Unparalleled transforms beholder meaning beauty

J; Ok I think I know but why don’t you go first. Y’know, so I can make sure you’re

L: Ok, so you may have immediately noticed that there is definitely something wrong with

statement 3 - it’s easy to see that it’s plain nonsense. It doesn’t even have a proper

sentence structure. Statement 2 is a cliche, but it conveys a fully formed idea. That leaves

statement one. “Hidden meaning transforms unparalleled abstract beauty.” It sounds

nice, but it’s going in circles - it means nothing.

But, if you didn’t catch that Statement One is the culprit right away… you’re

J: Ok, you got me. But, detecting rubbish can be tricky - especially when you’re not

being prompted to look for it - like we just did right now. In the real world, people fall

for drivel all the time - some of us more than others.

Surprisingly, one of the things that seems to be linked to our bull patty detector 5000

is our political views. I know all of you instantly thought you’d be better at detecting

flim flam, but half of you aren’t going to be happy.

L: In a study of 196 people published in the journal PLOS One, researchers used the Bullshit

Receptivity Scale to see how supporting democratic versus republican candidates relates to BS.

They found that participants who supported this election cycle’s republican candidates

Ted Cruz, Marco Rubio, and Donald Trump were more likely to fall for baloney than those

who supported the democratic candidates: Hillary Clinton, Martin O’Malley, and Bernie Sanders.

J: What’s more, they also found that the participants who held more politically conservative

views had a greater tendency to see meaning in moonshine compared to those who were more

politically liberal. And to clarify these are conclusions that have been found in just

L: Another factor that makes people more susceptible to falling for flimflam is their default when

receiving new information - according to researchers like Gilbert and Spinoza some people have

a bias towards rating new information as true as opposed to false. It’s their fallback.

When we are mentally exhausted, we are more likely to resort to this default. So people

who lean towards believing new information is true are more likely to fall for BS.

J: In a 2015 study titled On the reception and detection of pseudo-profound bullshit,

researchers found that claptrap receptivity was positively correlated with believing in

conspiracies, in paranormal activity, and the efficacy of alternative medicine.

But all is not lost, researchers at The University of Waterloo and Sheridan College, note that

there are certain things that can help you spot flapdoodle.

L: One handy tool is looking for vagueness. If a statement is vague - unclear or ambiguous

in it’s meaning - you should probably probe deeper. They also note that certain mediums

might be more prone to BS than others Twitter, for example, which limits statements to 140

characters might be more likely to foster hogwash than something like a textbook. And,

of course, it doesn’t hurt to pay attention to the source.

But why does it make you so angry when your relatives support candidates your hate? Check

out my other episode here for more on Why Politics Make Us So Angry

What tools do you use to spot BS? What tools do you use to spot BS? Share your

thoughts in the comments and remember to subscribe so you never miss an episode of DNews. Thanks