pig look fabulous, obviously

很明顯地，不是為了要讓天竺鼠閃閃動人

Hello there, lovely people, Amy here on DNews. I wear cosmetic products, obviously, and probably

哈囉，可愛的觀眾們，我是 DNews的Amy，很明顯地，我有在使用化妝品

you do, too, even if you don’t think you do. That’s because along with makeup, moisturizers,

你們可能也跟我一樣，就算你自認為沒有，因為就跟化妝、保濕霜

and nail polish, the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) definition of cosmetics includes things

和指甲油一樣，美國食品藥品管理局的化妝品定義包含以下產品

like shampoo, deodorant, and toothpaste. Unless those cosmetics also treat something like

如：洗髮精、體香劑和牙膏，除非產品會造成

dandruff or cavities, provide sun protection, or have a color additive, the FDA has no authority

頭皮屑、蛀牙、具防曬效果或含有色素，否則美國食品藥品管理局則無法

to regulate them and it’s up to the cosmetic company to make sure they’re safe before

下令控管，所以在公司出產產品前，必須要確保產品的安全性後

they hit the market

才能上架販售

There are a lot of factors to consider when testing a cosmetic. Manufacturers need to

測試化妝品時，需考量各方，製造商必須要確認

know if products will cause an allergic reaction; if they’ll cause temporary or irreversible

該產品是否會造成過敏反應; 短暫或永久的

skin or eye damage; at what point they’re toxic if absorbed through the skin, lungs,

皮膚或眼睛傷害; 如透過皮膚、肺部或消化道進入體內，有毒物質會造成何種傷害

or digestive tract; the effects of long-term exposure; if they’re carcinogenic; if they

長期曝曬後的影響為何; 是否會致癌

cause infertility; or if they cause birth defects. Pretty much all the things you need

是否會造成不孕; 又或是會造成嬰兒先天缺陷等影響，如果你是正在

to worry about if you’re a teenage boy who overuses body spray

找尋體香噴霧的青少年，這些差不多就是你需要留意的事項了

But cosmetic companies can’t jump straight to testing on teenage boys because they’d

但化妝品公司不能一開始就直接在青少年身上試驗

probably get a call from their irate mothers. No. Companies don’t test on humans because

因為他們有可能會接孩子媽媽們的暴怒電話，沒有公司會在人類身上做試驗

it’s inhumane and if something goes wrong, it might irreparably harm a human being. Before

因為假如有意外發生，便會是不人道的，試驗結果有可能會對人類造成無法挽回的後果

a human uses a product, we have to be sure they’re reasonably safe, so for a long time

身為使用這些產品的人類，我們應該要確保產品是合理安全的，到目前為止

animals were used to test the chemicals in cosmetics first. Usually the tests involve

長時間以來，動物持續被用來當成測試化妝品裡化學物質的對象，一般來說，試驗動物包含

mice, rats, guinea pigs, or bunnies. Understandably, many people consider these tests inhumane,

小白鼠、老鼠、天竺鼠或兔子，想當然耳，多數認為這樣的實驗測試是不人道的

and some places like Europe have banned products that have been tested on animals entirely.

有些地區，如：歐洲就禁止將動物試驗

Other places like China actually require animal testing on the finished products. The FDA’s

其他地區，如：中國則規定，進行動物試驗時，產品必須是製成品

stance falls somewhere in the middle: companies are neither encouraged or discouraged to test

美國食品藥品管理局的立場則處中立：不鼓勵也不反對動物試驗

on animals, though the FDA has stated they would like to gain the maximum amount of information

雖然美國食品藥品管理局聲明他們想要得到更多有關

using the fewest animals as humanely as possible. Depending on what they’re testing for, scientists

在試驗中盡可能少用動物作為試驗品或人道對待試驗動物的訊息，視試驗產品而定，科學家

might use just one bunny or as many as 2,600 mice.

有可能會使用少為1隻多為2600隻的兔子做為試驗品

Cosmetic makers would probably rather not test on animals if they could avoid it. It’s

化妝品製造者會盡可能不使用動物試驗

expensive and a PR nightmare. Plus using an animal for testing a chemical’s effects

不僅高價位又會造成公眾噩夢，再加上，用動物當作人類產品中的化學物試驗對象

on people can be imprecise because, well, they’re not people. But scientists are developing

結果不一定會是準確的，因為動物畢竟不是人，科學家正在開發

methods that substitute animals for test tubes. The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives

新的方法，以便由試管替代試驗動物，約翰霍普金斯大學

to Animal Testing, appropriately acronymed to CAAT, is foremost in in vitro testing.

實驗動物中心，簡稱CAAT，為首要的體外試驗中心

But some things, like how a product behaves when inhaled, still can’t be replicated

但有些部分，如產品的使用結果，目前還是無法人為複製

artificially. Other proposed methods involve using mathematical models to extrapolate how

其他提議的方法還包含使用數學模型推斷出

thousands of different chemicals will behave after testing just a tiny fraction. Either

一小部分的試驗後，上千種不同的化學物質所產生的結果

way, learning more about what we put on and in our bodies is always a valuable pursuit,

無論哪一種方式，從人體使用產品後的結果中得到新發現，一直以來都是我們所追求的

otherwise we could end up like the Romans, who unknowingly poisoned themselves with white

否則我們早就像羅馬人一樣了，不知不覺地因作為化妝基底的鉛粉毒害了自己

lead used for makeup foundation. All for the sake of beauty

一切都只是為了追求美麗

Ultimately, moving away from animal testing will require some innovative changes

基本上，廢除動物性試驗還需要更多的創新變革

Tech innovations are constantly changing our lives – both professionally and personally

科技變革持續改變我們的生活，包含專業面向和個人面向

If you are fascinated with the latest in tech innovations and how they're impacting the

如果你對於最新的科技變革有興趣也想要知道

world around you, check out Full Sail University. Full Sail has spent 30 years developing degree

它們以何種層面影響你的話，可至福賽大學的網站查詢，福賽大學已花費30年之久

programs that help you build a skill set for the tech industry. To learn more about these

發展學士學位，透過課程能幫助你為科技產業建立所需技能，對於課程如想要有更進一步的了解

programs, and all of Full Sail’s technology degree programs, visit fullsail.edu/DNews

或想了解福賽大學其他所有的學士課程內容，可至fullsail.edu/DNews

A lot of research depends on using animals, particularly lab mice. But why mice? Trace

許多的實驗都仰賴於動物試驗，特別是實驗老鼠，但為什麼是老鼠呢？

explains right here.

詳解為下

Though cosmetic testing on animals gets more attention, most animal testing is done for

雖然化妝品的動物試驗已引起許多關注，但其實大部份的動物試驗

pharmaceutical or biomedical research. Is using animals okay for one but not the other?

都是用於藥學或生物研究之上，動物試驗真的可行嗎？

Share your thoughts in the comments and remember to subscribe so you never miss an episode

請在下列評論區分享你的想法，記得要訂閱 DNews，這樣一來你就不會錯過任何新聞了

of DNews. Thanks for watching.

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