violating international law in its treatment of Palestine. Israel has vehemently denied

在巴勒斯坦的議題上違反國際法。以色列強烈否認

these claims. So, has Israel violated international law?

這些指控。那，以色列到底有沒有違反國際法？

Well, the heart of the current Israel-Palestine legal dispute is concerning a barrier wall

以巴問題爭執的重點跟西岸邊的圍牆

running along the border of the West Bank. The wall is currently 280 miles long, and

有關。這道牆約有280哩

26 feet tall. Palestine alleges that the wall is an attempt by Israel to isolate them and

26尺高。巴勒斯坦聲稱這道牆是以色列為了阻隔他們

take over Palestinian land, by affecting their economy, livelihood, and even access to medical

且藉由妨害他們的經濟、生計甚至是醫療掠奪巴勒斯坦領土

care.. However, Israel argues that the wall is necessary for security. The government

不管怎樣，以色列稱那道牆為了他們的安全是必要的。政府

claims it was built as a response to the huge number of suicide bombings against Israel

聲稱是為了回應2000年代早期巴勒斯坦反以色列的

during the early 2000s Palestinian uprising, known as the Second Intifada. Suicide attacks

大量自殺炸彈攻擊，又稱為第二次巴勒斯坦大起義。自殺攻擊

dropped significantly after the first section was constructed, yet the actual legality of

在牆的建造初期引來大量的關注和牆的合法性

the wall is still disputed.

爭論

Because Palestine is a semi-recognized territory, it does not hold full statehood, and it is

因為巴斯斯坦的領土不完整，並未被正式承認為國家，

difficult for the territory to represent itself on the international stage. The United Nations

在國際舞台上，這塊領土也無法代表自己。聯合國

has made repeated attempts at resolutions condemning Israel on Palestine’s behalf,

已經多次在決議中譴責以色列對於巴勒斯坦的行為

and they've even declared the wall illegal. All of these resolutions have been vetoed

甚至聲明這道牆是違法的。所有的決議都被

by the United States, which is one the few members of the UN Security Council, and a

安理會的成員之一，以色列的親密盟友美國

close ally of Israel.

所否決

There is also no single governing body to act as an official world police. International

沒有像世界警察這種專門的管理機構可以處理這個問題

disputes fall under what is called “supranational law”. One of the only official courts to

國際間爭執著「超國家法」的範疇。只有一個可以處理類似問題的

process such claims is the International Court of Justice, which is the United Nations’

官方法庭，也就是國際法庭，聯合國的司法

judicial arm.

機構

In 2003, the United Nations reached out to to the ICJ, requesting an advisory opinion

在2003年，聯合國與國際法庭接觸，尋求關於這道牆的見解

on the matter of the wall. The ICJ concluded that the construction of the wall, solely

國際法庭的結論是，這道牆的建造，雖然以色列聲稱只是為了

for the security reasons stated by Israel, was, nonetheless, a violation of international

防衛，但仍然違反國際法

law. Specifically they are alleged to have violated the Fourth Geneva Convention and

特別是他們被指控違反日內瓦公約和

the UN’s Articles on State Responsibility.

聯合國的國家責任條款

First, the ICJ struck down Israel's self-defense argument, citing that the Palestinian territories

首先，國際法庭不承認以色列的自我防衛說法，稱巴勒斯坦的領土

were in fact occupied by Israel. This occupation was noted to violate the UN Charter and several

事實上被以色列霸佔。這項舉動被指出違反聯合國憲章和

UN resolutions which prohibit territorial annexation by force, and denying the people

數個禁止以武力併吞領土的決議，並使

of Palestine the right of self-determination.

巴勒斯坦的人民無法使用自決權

As an occupying power, Israel was also said to be in violation of Article 49, Paragraph

以色列侵占領土的行為被指出違反日內瓦公約第49條第六段

6, of the Fourth Geneva Convention. It states that “[An] Occupying Power shall not deport

內容提到「佔領國不應驅逐

or transfer parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies." The de facto

或遷移自己的平民進去已經有人居住的領土」事實上

annexation of any land behind the wall, coupled with controversial Israeli settlements built

侵占牆後的土地以及以色列人在巴勒斯坦領土上

on Palestinian territory, put Israel in violation of the Geneva Convention.

定居的爭議，以色列都違反了日內瓦公約

Finally, the courts noted the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally

最後，法庭提到國家責任草案

Wrongful Acts. It states that “Necessity”, which Israel argues is the reason for the

內容中的「必須」，也就是以色列拿來支持對於那道牆和

wall, and the occupation, cannot be used to absolve the wrongfulness of an act in violation

侵占行為的理由，並不能免除違反國際法

of international law.

的責任

But despite this advisory opinion, Israel dismissed the jurisdiction of the the court,

但盡管有這些意見，以色列仍然無視於法庭的管轄

and no binding resolution was enacted. With the backing of the United States, which has

且決議並沒有約束力。有美國的撐腰

veto power and worldwide influence, Israel is generally able to act with impunity when

也就是否決權和國際影響力，以色列可以做任何事

violating international law.

即使違反國際法也能相安無事

But the wall isn’t the only complaint against Israel by Palestine, just the only one to

但是那道牆並不是巴勒斯坦譴責以色列的唯一原因，只是

make it to court. To learn about the myriad of reasons the two have been fighting for

上法庭的其中一個。想知道這兩個國家好幾十年來一直

decades, watch this video up top. You can also find out why exactly the United States

爭執的原因，請點選上面的影片。想知道美國在國際舞台上這麼

has been so quick to defend Israel on the international stage, by checking out this

立刻幫以色列辯護的原因，請看下方的影片

video below. Thanks for watching TestTube News, don’t forget to like and subscribe

謝謝收看TestTube News，別忘了按喜歡並訂閱

for new videos every day!

最新影片。