Vice's new channel Noisey blind folded me,

Vice的新頻道Noisey，將我還有

the Gregory Brothers, about 200 other people,

果戈里兄弟、以及其他兩百個人

and then bused us to a hidden skrillex show.

蒙著眼，帶去一場搖滾DJ史克雷奇斯的地下秀

It was cool, but what is cool?

很酷，但"酷"是甚麼呢?

I mean, what does it mean to be cool?

我的意思是，"感覺很酷"是怎麼樣的?

Cool is a judgement of taste.

"酷"這個詞用來評論品味

People who are cool are with it.

很酷的人通常都很有品味

They exhibit a style people want to emulate, they're fashionable.

因為他們很時尚，所以大家都想效仿他們的風格

But being cool isn't just about confidence or being above the situation.

但被說"酷"，不只是因為有自信或是像剛剛我所提到的那樣而已

In fact, what is considered cool changes all the time.

其實，"酷"的概念隨著時代而變

Here's a fantastic illustration charting

這裡有張很棒的圖表

by time and location what was generally considered cool.

用來表示整體而言在不同時間和地點，人們對甚麼東西感到"酷"

To truly get the origin of what we today mean by cool,

讓我們現在回到15世紀的西非

we're going to have to go back to West Africa in the 15th Century.

一起來探討"酷"這個詞的的源起

The Yoruba language has a great word, itutu.

約魯巴語有一個很棒的字: itutu

It means physical beauty, but also being calm

它的意思是: 沉著平靜的身體之美

and detached from your circumstances,

獨立於身處的環境

almost unnaturally so

非常的不自然

in a superhuman kind of way.

到了超乎常人的程度

And a similar, more specific term comes from the Italian concept of sprezzatura.

義大利文中有個更具體描述這個概念的字: sprezzatura

This was a way of behaving favored by the wealthy upper class in 15th Century Italy.

15世紀的義大利上流階級非常偏好這樣的行為舉止

And to exhibit this behavior,

為了要能看起來

you wanted to act nonchalant, even if doing so would take a lot of work.

無動於衷、冷漠的樣子，即使非常費力

You would hide your desires and emotions

也要把自己的慾望跟情感隱藏起來

behind ironic detachment.

以呈現出嘲諷式的脫俗感

But where can you see sprezzatura?

但這樣哪裡是sprezzatura了?

Well, how about here—the Mona Lisa.

看看這幅蒙娜麗莎

She doesn't laugh. She's exercising restraint.

她不笑，而且非常自制

It almost feels like she's looking down on you, smugly.

她看起來自視甚高，而且瞧不起觀賞她的人

Now, to make this more clear, let's take a look at a recent discovery, a painting,

為了更清楚解釋"酷"的概念，來看看近期的一項發現

that used to be thought of as a copy of the Mona Lisa made years and years later.

有一幅畫作，原本被認為是後世仿製蒙娜麗莎畫像的作品

Except, recent restoration has shown that the very same mistakes and corrections

然而，最近修復畫作後發現

that DaVinci made on the original were also done on this painting,

原作蒙娜麗莎上所有的錯誤跟修改，仿製品也全抄

leading restorers to believe that this painting

修畫師認為仿作者在繪製這幅圖時

was made side by side with the actual Mona Lisa.

肯定是把原作放在一旁對照著畫

Look at her expression.

看看仿製圖裏蒙娜麗莎的表情

It's even more clear that she's looking at you like "Huh, really?"

比原作的蒙娜麗莎更瞧不起人，像在對你說"哈! 是嗎?"

"You think you're cool. Okay."

"你覺得你很酷啊? 隨你吧~"

Related is the Italian concept of omerta.

有另一個類似意思的義大利文字: omerta

This is keeping your cool and not telling the authorities anything about anybody.

指的是，保持"酷"的姿態，不向當權者告發任何人或報告任何事

It's the type of attitude you see in movies like Goodfellas or The Godfather.

你能在"盜亦有道"或"教父"這類電影裡看到如此的行為態度

But our modern definition of cool

但現在對於"酷"的定義

may most directly come from slaves

大多數是來自於奴隸

and prisoners.

還有囚犯

People in those positions are subjected to authority in a very direct way,

處於這種狀況的人會完全的屈服於當權者

and any kind of rebellion against authority or fighting against it

任何反抗或是對抗當權的行為

is most certainly going to be answered with nothing but punishment and very little chance of success.

幾乎是難以成功，而且下場就是被懲處

And so instead, an attitude of ironic detachment is taken on,

因此，做為替代，他們便會以嘲諷態度疏離現況

which allows you to distance yourself from that authority

就能使自己和當權者疏離

to be away from it, against it without actively confronting it and getting in trouble.

不但能疏離，同時又是以間接被動的方式反抗威權，而且也不會惹禍上身

Now, later on in the 1940s,

之後，來到1940年代

the actual word cool began to stick to this attitude.

"酷"這個詞開始和這種態度產生緊密連結

it came out of the smoke filled nightclubs

這個詞來自當時的夜店

where jazz, beatnik, and bohemian culture thrived.

夜店裏烏煙瘴氣，但也是爵士樂、嬉皮與放浪文化的溫床

The only way to freshen up that smoke filled air

而唯一能讓整個夜店透透新鮮空氣的方法

was to open windows and let the cool

就是打開窗戶

night air in.

讓夜店在夜風的吹拂下"酷"涼一下

Saxophonist Lester Young is credited with making this connection

讓"酷"和這個概念結合的人，是薩克斯風手Lester Young

and popularizing the use of the word cool,

他也讓這個字廣為流傳

even cooler is the fact that Lester also popularized the use of the word bread

更酷的是，Lester也讓"bread"這個字的使用普及化

to mean money. Well look at that, the sun has come out.

用來表示"錢"的意思。看看窗外，太陽已經升起

That's cool. It also means that it's a good time to talk about the brain.

很好，代表現在是談論腦的好時刻

Laurence Steinberg points out that there are systems in the brain that mature as we get older.

Laurence Steinberg指出，腦內的系統隨著我們年紀漸長也會變得成熟

The first is the socioemotional network,

首先就是腦內的社會性情緒網絡

and this deal with social and emotional inputs.

負責處理社交與情緒方面的訊息

Second is the cognitive control network.

再來是認知與控制的網絡

This deals with regulating behavior and making ultimate decisions.

負責規範行為及下最終決定

But these two networks do not mature at the same rate.

但以上兩種系統並非同步成熟

In fact, there's an awkward period in puberty and adolescence

事實上，青春期都會有一段尷尬的時期

where the social emotional network in our brain

當時我們腦內的社交情緒系統

is more active, and so, whether or not people

正處於非常活躍的狀態，因此

think you are cool matters more to you

你會非常非常在意

than is reasonable.

周圍的人認為你酷不酷

So in a way, you could say that the less worried you are with

就某方面來說，若是你比較不擔心自己酷不酷的話

being cool, the more developed your brain is.

表示你的腦部發展比較成熟

Instead, focus on vocabulary.

反之，多著重在你的語彙上吧

The only thing that doesn't change, the only coolness that doesn't fade

因為唯一不會改變、永遠存在的

is cool—the word.

就是"cool"這個字

Over the years, we have used all kinds of other words

許多年來，我們用過不同的字

to mean cool, but the one that has never changed, the one that has always been cool to use

來代表"酷"，但唯一一個一直持續被使用，從未消失過的字

is cool.

只有"cool"

And that's cool. Go check out that skrillex concert footage.

真酷，去看看史克雷奇思演唱會影片吧

Noisey is the channel that uploaded that new MIA video

Noisey頻道上傳了新的M.I.A影片

as well as MIAs responses to YouTube comments.

也有M.I.A.的粉絲在下方留言

And according to this guy, fat people shouldn't be making music.

而影片中這個人說，胖子不該做音樂

All I know is, as always, thanks for watching.

嗯，總之，感謝您一直以來的收看