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  • Weve just seen that different scientific disciplines all study communication.

    我們已經看了這些研究傳播理論的不同科學領域

  • Of course they focus on different aspects of communication.

    當然它們都關注於傳播學的不同面相

  • Some scholars want to understand the workings of the media infrastructure for instance,

    舉例來說,有些學者想要了解媒體周邊設施的運作原理

  • others focus on the social importance of communication, or

    其他的專注於傳播的社會重要性,或

  • political communication effects or one of many alternative perspectives.

    政治傳播效應或眾多面相的其中之一

  • It’s not surprising that communication is studied by so many from so many angles.

    傳播現象被許多人從很多角度研究並不令人意外

  • It fills our lives & society, we spend tremendous amounts of time communicating ideas,

    它充斥於我們的生活和社會當中,我們花非常多的時間來溝通想法

  • sharing thoughts, absorbing new information, being entertained or persuaded somehow.

    分享想法、吸收新資訊,被娛樂或者被說服等等

  • Communication, simply put, enables us to function as social, cultural and political animals.

    傳撥,簡單來說,就是能夠讓我們進行社交、文化和政治動物的功能

  • It makes sense that these different perspectives have led to a wide spectrum

    所以這些不同的面相導致了

  • of scientific thought on the topic of communication.

    對傳撥這個主題有廣泛的科學研究是有道理的

  • In this course well go out and explore some of them and try to find our way

    這堂課中我們將會出去探索這些領域的其中一部分且試著在這個

  • in this wild jumble of theories, models and concepts.

    理論、模型和概念的狂野叢林中理出一條自己的路

  • Perhaps a good starting point therefore is to begin with a brief definition

    也許從對「理論、模型和概念」的簡短定義出發

  • oftheory’, ‘model’, andconcept’.

    是個好的起始點

  • A concept is a word or set of words that represents an idea.

    概念就是表達一個想法的一個字或一組字

  • It’s of course important to clearly define the concepts we use.

    當然,清楚定義我們所使用的概念是很重要的

  • Let’s take the concept ofidentityfor instance.

    舉「身分」這個詞的定義來說

  • It’s easy to imagine two or more different interpretations

    很容易想像兩個或更多不同關於

  • about what constitutes an identity

    「身分」這個詞包含的解釋

  • Is it how one views oneself, or perhaps we should also take into consideration

    它的概念是一個人如何看待他自己或者也許我們應該也把

  • how ones identity is perceived by others.

    其他人如何看待那一個人給考慮進去

  • Or is that particular concept better described perhaps with the wordimage’?

    或者有沒有特定的概念能夠把像是「影像」這個字詮釋的更好?

  • Often scientists squabble over definitions, and rightly so,

    科學家常常在定義上爭論不休,但這也是理所當然的

  • Often scientists squabble over definitions, and rightly so,

    科學家常常在定義上爭論不休,但這也是理所當然的

  • because it should be clear what we talk about.

    因為這本該清楚知道我們在談論的對象是什麼

  • These discussions sometimes never stop, and why would they?

    這些討論有時從不休止,但為什麼要停止呢?

  • Different people give different meanings to a word,

    不同的人對於一個字會有不同的釋義

  • and who can say which are therightorwrongdefinitions?

    且誰能夠對於哪個定義給上「對」、「錯」的標籤呢?

  • At most we can speak about preferred or dominant definitions of concepts,

    最多我們能夠說的就是有某個對於蓋念上我們偏好或者主流的定義

  • but even these usually change over time and from context to context.

    但即使如此,這些定義隨著時間和文章脈絡也時常的改變

  • In this course I will often stop to define certain key concepts.

    這堂課中我會時常停下來定義特定的關鍵概念

  • I would like to stipulate that these definitions are unfortunately

    我喜歡明確規範這些定義

  • more often than not quite disputed.

    不幸地更常不會引起爭論

  • If you are following this MOOC and you had some previous classes in communication

    如果你有在跟著這個線上課程學習且你之前有上過一些傳播的課

  • or perhaps you have worked in communication or read books or articles about the topic

    或者也許你在傳播業工作或讀到關於這個主題的書或文章

  • don’t be surprised when I will define things slightly different than you have learned.

    當我對事物的定義和你學的有些不同時別驚訝

  • For instance, when I said that media are every channel that we use to communicate,

    舉例而言,當我說媒體就是我們溝通的每一個管道

  • so this would include the voice, it’s very possible that you have learned previously

    所以也會包含聲音,很有可能你之前學過的

  • that only technical channels are considered media, which would exclude the voice.

    就只有科技的渠道會被稱作媒體,也就是這的定義將聲音排除在媒體的範疇之外

  • Because both definitions, and many more, exist in the scientific field.

    因為這兩個定義,還有其他的,都存在這個科學的領域中

  • To make things more difficult, scientists, like many professionals,

    科學家,跟許多專家一樣,喜歡把事情弄得更複雜

  • sometimes give every day words a different meaning.

    有時候會給日常生活中的字彙不同的含意

  • If I would ask a random person in the street the definition of the wordtext’,

    如果我在街上隨機問一個人「簡訊」的定義

  • most will agree that a ‘textis a message made up out of some type of letters.

    大部分人會同意「簡訊」是一個由一些類型的字元組成的訊息

  • Communication scientists however regard each carrier of communication as a text.

    總之傳播科學家將每個傳播的載具視為文字

  • So a movie, a song, a painting, theyre alltextsin our eyes, ready to bereadby an audience.

    所以一部電影、一首歌、一幅畫,它們在我們的眼裡都是「文字」,準備好被一位觀眾「閱讀」

Weve just seen that different scientific disciplines all study communication.

我們已經看了這些研究傳播理論的不同科學領域

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