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  • About a week ago, an acquaintance of mine named Tom Scott

    大約一個禮拜之前,我的一個好朋友Tom Scott

  • put out a video called "Why You Should Write Down Your Goals," and in that video

    上傳了一個影片:「為什麼你們都要寫下目標」。在那個影片中

  • he recounted a failed marketing stunt/experiment put on by the British television network ITV

    他再提起以前英國獨立電視台所拍攝過的失敗節目(ITV指的是Independent Television,是英國第二大無線電視經營商)

  • where they asked people to publicly commit to goals

    他們要人們在大庭廣眾下,宣示他們的目標

  • and those goals were then etched on to monuments,

    然後,在把他們這些目標刻在紀念碑上

  • and these monuments were placed all around the UK in lots of historic places,

    而這些紀念碑則立在許多英國的歷史古蹟中

  • and they were really excited about punctuating the new millennium with this project,

    人們對於這樣有代表性的新節目企劃非常興奮

  • but after just a couple of years, the television network actually scrapped it

    但,就只在幾年後,這個電視網刪掉此節目

  • because well, nobody cared about it, and it didn't make any money.

    因為,你們知道的,沒人會在意這種節目,而且也沒有任何經濟價值

  • The point of Tom's video though is that the financial failure of this monument project

    Tom的影片重點是,雖然這項節目計畫造成財務虧損

  • didn't stop it from doing some good because as recent research has pointed out,

    但,不可否認的是,寫下目標的這件事,的確能有正面影響。因為,最近研究指出

  • the simple act of writing down your goals

    你們寫下目標的這一個簡單動作

  • really does help you become more likely to achieve them,

    實際上能促使你們努力達到目標

  • so ITV's project, despite its failure,

    所以,儘管英國獨立電視台的企劃失敗

  • most likely did benefit the people who committed to those goals

    但,它的確也讓定下目標的人們有所受益

  • or did it?

    不過,這是真的嗎?

  • See, these people didn't just write down their goals privately,

    你們想想看,這些人不只是私下寫下目標而已

  • they publicly stated them,

    他們還向大眾宣示目標

  • and had someone etch them onto a monument for all to see.

    而且還讓人刻印在紀念碑上,讓每個人都能看到

  • and therein lies the problem, they told someone

    因而造成了問題。他們向他人

  • or rather several thousand someones on national television

    或向觀看國家電視的幾千位觀眾面前

  • what their goals were, and it turns out that

    宣示目標。而這樣的結果下,發現

  • telling people about your goals

    告訴他人你們的目標

  • actually does you more harm than good.

    實際上,反而是帶來了反效果

  • Now maybe this is confusing to you, after all,

    現在,你們可能都不能理解為什麼。畢竟

  • accountability and stuff, right?

    告訴別人目標像是負起一個責任制。對吧?

  • Won't telling my friend about my goal

    那如果我沒對我朋友宣示:我的目標是

  • to run a marathon make me accountable to them?

    跑馬拉松,這樣對他們來說我能是位負責任的人?

  • Well, in one word, nope.

    恩,錯!

  • Unfortunately, that's usually not how it works.

    不是這樣說的

  • Here's the thing, most of your friends won't

    事情是這樣的 ,你們大多數的朋友都不會

  • care enough to actually keep you accountable.

    在意你們是不是真的會負起責任

  • They'll pat you on the back. They'll give you some congratulations on your goal,

    他們只是會拍拍你們的背來恭賀你們有所目標

  • but most of them are too busy dealing with their own lives

    但,他們大部分都只是忙著計畫

  • to break into your house at four am with a boombox playing "Eye of the Tiger."

    怎麼在清晨四點帶著播放「Eye of the Tiger」(老虎之眼由Survivor生存者合唱團所唱)的音箱來突擊你們的家

  • Unless you're me.

    除非你們像我一樣負責

  • More importantly, announcing your goal widens your intention-behavior gap

    更重要的是,宣示你們的目標會使你們的行為意圖有所區隔

  • which is the disconnect between knowing you should do something and actually doing it.

    因為這樣的宣示會讓你們的認知,區隔為實踐的動力和已經實現的錯覺

  • Now psychologists have been studying the intention-behavior gap since the 1920s,

    自從1920年,心理學家一直在研究這種行為實踐的間隔

  • and what they've learned is basically, we humans,

    而他們研究得出我們作為人類

  • we like to dream a lot.

    我們非常喜愛作夢

  • We've got tons and tons of dreams, aspirations, goals and fantasies,

    我們有無數的夢、抱負、目標、和幻想

  • and we're usually smart enough to

    而且我們通常也都很聰明

  • know what the first step is in order to achieving that goal.

    知道第一步要怎麼做,來達到目標

  • Unfortunately, we often have trouble actually taking that first step,

    不幸的是,我們時常無法踏出第一步

  • to say nothing of continuing on to the next ones.

    而不再有所努力

  • Being aware of this fact, in 2009 a group of researchers at NYU

    在2009年,一組來自紐約大學的研究員,得知這樣的結果

  • decided to study how the intention-behavior gap was affected by people telling others about their goals,

    而立志要來研究,在人們宣示目標後,他們的行為實踐的間隔是怎麼構成

  • and across four different experiments they had people first state a goal,

    有四種實驗。他們要每個人寫下目標

  • and then they gave them 45 minutes to work on it.

    在給他們45分鐘的時間來實踐

  • For each of these experiments, the people were divided into two different groups.

    在每一個實驗中,分為兩組

  • The first group announced their goal to the room before starting work

    第一組人在開始實踐前,宣示目標

  • while the second group kept their mouth shut,

    而第二組人則把目標存放在心中

  • and here's what happened.

    最後研究發現

  • The group that said nothing

    第二組把目標放在心中的人

  • tended to work for the entire 45 minutes on average,

    平均都能在整整45分鐘都努力著

  • and when asked about their progress,

    而問他們的進度時

  • they were pretty realistic.

    他們能較為實際

  • They tended to say that they still had a lot more work to do before they'd be done.

    他們在達到目標之前,都會認為自己還需要付出更多的努力

  • By contrast, the people who announced their goals

    相對而言,另一組宣示目標的人

  • quit after only 33 minutes of work on average,

    在平均工作33分鐘後就放棄

  • and when they were asked about their progress,

    而問到他們的進度時

  • they were a lot more confident,

    他們則會很有自信的說

  • and tended to say they were pretty close to completion,

    他們就快完成了

  • even though they weren't.

    即使他們還離目標很遠

  • These latter groups made so much less real progress

    後來的團隊也沒有所成就

  • because announcing their goal gave them a fake sense of accomplishment.

    因為宣示他們的目標,會讓他們產生已實現的錯覺

  • See, when you announce your goal to somebody,

    想想看,當你們對他人宣示目標時

  • and they affirm it, you feel good.

    他們會對你們讚賞表示支持,你們會因而感到滿足

  • You almost feel like you've actually taken a step towards achieving that goal,

    而幾乎會使你們都認為自己已經對目標有所實現

  • and that gives you some small sense of satisfaction.

    促使你們感到一絲的滿足感

  • This is called a social reality.

    這就是所謂的社會現實

  • The affirmation of your goal by somebody whose respect you desire

    你們的目標得到一位你們既尊敬又崇拜的人認同

  • actually makes you feel like you are closer to achieving it,

    實際上會讓你們感到快實現的錯覺

  • even though in reality, you haven't done anything.

    即使在現實生活中,你們還未有所行動

  • Now I first heard about this study in a TED talk

    我頭一次聽到這個研究是從TED的演講

  • given by the entrepreneur Derek Sivers, who I have massive amounts of respect for,

    由一位我非常尊敬的企業家Derek Sivers所演講的

  • and after presenting the research findings in the talk, here was his advice:

    在他講述完這樣的研究結果後,他給了個建議:

  • You should, "Resist the temptation to announce your goal,

    你們應該要「忍住那種想宣告目標的誘惑、

  • delay the gratification that the social acknowledgement brings,

    拖延別人讚美你的滿足感、

  • and understand that your mind mistakes the talking for the doing."

    而且你們還要知道你們的腦子會把說的當成做的」

  • Now as a general principle, I totally agree with this,

    這是主要原則,我完全認同

  • and I think that we should heed it for the most part.

    而且我們都應該要想想

  • I don't think that it disproves the usefulness of accountability partners,

    我不認為這研究是要你們覺得不需要夥伴的督促

  • but I do think that it highlights the importance

    但,我想它是要強調

  • that if you're gonna get one and tell them your goal,

    如果你們要跟他人講目標時

  • you should make sure it's somebody who will actually keep you accountable.

    你們要確定那個人會持續的督促你們

  • Also, it helps to frame your goal in terms of the work you need to put in

    而且這也幫助你們依自己的能力設下目標

  • rather than the identity that you want to assume,

    而不是要你們得到那種實現身分的錯覺

  • so instead of saying I'm going to run a marathon,

    所以,不要說我將要參加馬拉松

  • which paints you as a cool, tough marathonrunner,

    這會讓你們把自己塑造成既酷又強壯的馬拉松賽跑選手的錯覺

  • just say I'm going to run an hour a day.

    就簡單地說,我今天要跑一個小時

  • That's the work you have to put in,

    這就是你們要實踐的運動時間

  • and it's much easier for them to keep you accountable for it.

    也對你們的朋友而言,較容易督促你們實現目標

  • That being said, the main conclusion of Tom's video is still completely valid.

    說了那麼多,也就是要說,Tom的結論仍是完全合理的

  • I definitely think that you should write down your goals,

    我絕對同意你們寫下自己的目標

  • and now that you've finished watching this video, go give that one a watch. It's a good one.

    現在,你們看完這部影片,就接著看這一部吧!那是部不錯的影片

  • You can also check out Derek's original TED talk which I've embedded in the blog post for this video.

    如果你們想看Derek在TED的演講,可以到我的部落格

  • If you want to read that, you can click the orange button right there.

    如果你們想看演講內容,你們可以按上面的橘色按鈕

  • If you want to get new tips on being a more effective student every single week,

    如果你們想知道如何在每週都是位有效率的學生

  • you can click that big, red subscribe button down below

    你們可以案下面這個既大又紅的按鈕來訂閱

  • and I wrote an entire book on how to earn better grades,

    我出了本書教導如何得到好成績

  • so if you want a free copy sent to your email, click the picture of the book.

    所以,如果你們想讀到免費的電子文本,就按這個書的圖案

  • Last week's video was all about how I use my calendar, so check it out if you missed it,

    我上禮拜的影片都是有關如何安排時間,如果你們還沒看過,就趕快案進來看

  • and if you'd like to connect, I'm on Instagram and Twitter @TomFrankly or you can leave a comment down below.

    而如果你們想要互相交流的話,我有instagram和Twitter,搜尋 @TomFrankly。或在下面留言讓我知道

  • Thanks for watching.

    謝謝你們的收看

About a week ago, an acquaintance of mine named Tom Scott

大約一個禮拜之前,我的一個好朋友Tom Scott

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