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  • Let’s say you save your quarters in a piggy bank that you keep on the shelf in your bedroom.

    我們假設你的零錢都存在房間架子上的小豬撲滿裡

  • But your mom keeps checking up on how much youre putting in and taking out. You don't

    但是你的媽媽不時的會看看你存了多少、花了多少

  • like that, so what you need is a second piggy bank that you keep somewhere else. Your friend

    你不喜歡這樣,所以你需要的是另一個放在其他地方的小豬撲滿

  • Johnny’s mom is busy and she doesn’t have time checking on piggy banks. You bring your

    你的朋友強尼的媽媽很忙,沒時間去管你的撲滿,於是你把你的

  • spare bank over there and money can come and go without anyone being the wiser. But maybe

    撲滿放在他那裡,如此一來就不會有人去監督錢的進出

  • Johnny’s mom isn’t reallytoo busy.” Maybe she’s just lazy. Maybe she’s deliberately

    但也許強尼的媽媽其實沒有「很忙」,他可能只是懶,也許他故意

  • telling the neighborhood that for a small fee, shell safeguard their piggy banks

    讓鄰居都知道,只要給他一點費用,他就能保管你的撲滿

  • and not pay attention to what happens. That what countries like Panama and the Cayman

    而且不留意裡面發生了什麼事。這就是巴拿馬、

  • Islands and other tax havens do. They have very weak regulations in terms of watching

    開曼群島等國家,以及其他避稅天堂在做的事。他們對於錢在銀行帳戶中

  • when money is coming into or out of bank accounts. And they have rules that make it easy to form

    的進出看管很鬆,成立公司的門檻也很低

  • a corporation without disclosing who owns it. So basically everyone gets to write a

    不需要認定所有人就能成立,所以基本上所有人都能在

  • fake name on their piggy bank. There's a Panamanian law firm called Mossack Fonseca. They've got

    小豬撲滿上貼個假名字。以一個巴拿馬籍的律師事務所,叫莫薩克·馮賽卡

  • over 40 offices in dozens of countries around the world. They specialize in setting up these

    他們在數十個國家中有超過40間辦公室,他們專門設立這種

  • kind of special piggy banks. Theyre calledshell companies” — hollow vessels that

    特別的撲滿帳戶,被叫做「空殼公司」:沒有在運作的

  • don’t conduct any business, they just own financial assets on behalf of their real owners.

    空殼公司,他們只擁有代表他們真正所有者的財務資產

  • There's been this massive leak of over 2 terabytes worth of Mossack Fonseca documents to the

    超過相當2萬億位元組的莫薩克·馮賽卡文件大量流出

  • International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. And it sheds an unprecedented

    流向國際調查記者同盟,這是第一次揭開世界上

  • light on the world of shell companies. People can use shell companies for legitimate reasons

    空殼公司的秘辛。人們在合理的情況下可以利用空殼公司:

  • sometimes you just need privacy. But theyre also useful for covering up scandalous or

    隱私。但有時候這便成為掩蓋醜聞或

  • embarrassing information. The Panama Papers show that close associates of Vladimir Putin

    尷尬資訊的利器。巴拿馬文件揭露普丁擁有海外空殼公司

  • have taken over $2 billion in assets owned by offshore shell companies. And that the

    超過20億資產的密切關係

  • prime minister of Iceland actually held financial interests in bankrupt Icelandic banks even

    而冰島總理其實在捲入一間破產冰島籍銀行的後續處置

  • as he was simultaneously involved in political negotiations over what should be done with

    政治談判的同時,持有該銀行的財務股權

  • the banks. And the main use of offshore shell companies is avoiding taxesbecause the

    而海外空殼公司的主要用途是避稅,因為政府不能

  • government can’t tax money it can’t find. One of the memos says “95 percent of our

    課他們找不到的錢的稅。其中一張便籤寫:「我們所做的一切

  • work coincidentally consists in selling vehicles to avoid taxes." These tax havens are generally

    有95%是在於販賣交通工具來避稅」這些避稅天堂通常是

  • small countries that could be persuaded to clean up their act, but so far political leaders

    容易被說服處理後續的小國家,但是到目前為止,大國家的

  • in the big countries haven’t wanted to do it.

    政治領導者還沒有要這麼做

Let’s say you save your quarters in a piggy bank that you keep on the shelf in your bedroom.

我們假設你的零錢都存在房間架子上的小豬撲滿裡

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