China ends its one-child policy!

中國終結「一胎化」政策！

Sort of.

... 之類的

Hello and welcome to China Uncensored, I'm your host, Chris Chappell.

嗨，歡迎收看「中國解密」 我是主持人 Chris Chappell

Big news out of China last week—as explained in this video by British state-run media BBC.

中國上星期發佈了一則重要新聞 英國國營媒體英國廣播公司 (BBC) 在這部影片中有詳細的解釋

(cheers)

(歡呼聲)

Wow. I guess they're putting all their investigative resources into Sherlock.

哇哩，我猜他們把所有做調查的資源 都用在《新世紀福爾摩斯》上了

Well, ending an unpopular and draconian population control policy is certainly cause for celebration.

結束不得人心的人口控制惡法 真是值得慶祝的一件事啊

"Now we have the introduction of a new policy: One couple, two children."

「我們現在採用新的二胎政策。」

Wait. So they're ending the one-child policy...by making it a two-child policy instead?

等等，所以他們用「二胎政策」替代了「一胎化政策」？

You know, the one-child policy was never supposed to be a permanent thing.

你知道嗎？一胎化本不應該是永久性的政策

It was established in 1979 after a huge population boom in China.

一胎化的實施起源於 1979 年 中國人口暴增後

After the Communist Party began its rule in 1949,

自 1949 年中共建政 30 年內

the population of China almost doubled in 30 years.

中國人口幾乎翻了一倍

And this wasn't a coincidence.

但這並不是偶然

Mao Zedong encouraged people to have lots of kids.

毛澤東鼓勵中國人民生育許多小孩

That's partially because he was concerned about nuclear war.

有一部分原因是因為他擔心 會爆發核子戰爭

He said in a 1957 speech that it didn't matter if half of China's population was killed,

他於 1957 年的演說中說過 就算中國一半的人口被打死了也沒關係

because there were so many people, they could just repopulate.

因為人口眾多，他們再生育即可

At the time, the Communist Party even banned birth control.

當時中共甚至禁止避孕

But eventually, officials started worrying about overpopulation.

但逐漸的中共官方開始擔心人口過剩

So they created the one-child policy.

一胎化政策便誕生了

It was a massive social engineering project designed to counter

這是一個用於應對上一個 失控的社會工程計劃

the previous social engineering project that got out of hand.

的另一個大規模社會工程計劃

It's also not precisely a one-child policy.

但一胎化政策並非完全一胎化

There are so many exceptions that two thirds of Chinese people are already allowed to have

其中有許多例外，多到有 三分之二的中國人有資格生

a second child,

第二胎

for example, farmers whose first child is a girl.

例如，當農民的第一胎是女嬰時

So what's the big deal about changing the one-child policy now?

那為什麼現在變更一胎化政策這麼重要

For more on this, we go to former one-child and copy editor Shelley Zhang.

為了更加瞭解，我們請到了 「前」一胎嬰兒、文案編輯 Shelley Zhang

Chris.

Chris

Shelley, most people outside China have a negative view of the one child policy,

Shelley，大部份中國以外的人對 中國的一胎化政策持有負面的看法

but some people also think it was a "necessary evil"

但有些人卻認為為了不讓中國人口過剩

to stop overpopulation in China.

這是無可避免的

Was the policy a success?

這是個成功的政策嗎？

The Chinese government says that the policy prevented 400 million births,

中國政府號稱這個政策減少了 4 億新生兒

but demographers are pretty skeptical.

但是人口統計學家對這個數據持懷疑態度

In fact, it's looking more and more like the one child policy was completely unnecessary.

事實上，證據越來越支持過去的 一胎化政策是完全沒必要的

Really. Completely unnecessary?

真的嗎？完全沒有必要？

Well, the biggest drop in China's birth rate happened before the one-child policy.

中國人口出生率降低最明顯的 期間發生在一胎化政策之前

In 1970, the government started running a propaganda campaign to encourage people to

1970 年，中國政府開始政策宣導 鼓勵人們

get married later and have fewer children.

晚結婚，少生子

Family size dropped by half in just 10 years.

家庭人口在 10 年內減半

Researchers now think that the birth rate would have continued to drop naturally as

研究人員現在認為 隨著中國經濟成長

China's economy improved.

出生率會繼續自然下降

That was even confirmed by a secret government experiment.

這樣的預測也受到 政府的一項秘密實驗證實

So are officials changing the one-child policy now because it's clear it's not necessary?

那麼，現在官員們改變一胎化政策 是因為它很明顯的沒有必要嗎？

Well, they're changing it because the one-child policy caused a demographic disaster.

他們改變現狀 因為一胎化政策造成了人口災難

China is now dealing with not having enough young workers to support the elderly.

中國現在沒有足夠的 青年就業人口贍養老年人口

This sounds like a huge amount of pressure on the next generation.

聽起來這對下一代人產生極大的壓力

Yeah, and because of the preference for boys over girls,

是的，也因為重男輕女的關係

there are now 30 million more men than women.

目前男性比女性要多三千萬人

So how is the one-child policy enforced, anyway?

到底一胎化政策是如何執行的？

It's unevenly implemented through a massive bureaucracy.

透過龐大的官僚機構不一致的實行此政策

Quotas are set by the central government, and enforced by local family planning commissions.

配額由中央政府制定 並由地方的計劃生育委員會執行

Wow. So what happens to people who violate the policy?

哇，那違反該政策 的人會有什麼後果？

So it varies pretty widely.

後果差別很大

You can be fined anywhere from a few thousand dollars to 6 to 8 times your annual income.

從幾千元罰款 到 6 - 8 倍的個人年收入都有

In some cases, if you can't pay, officials will force you to have an abortion, or sterilize

在某些情況下，如果你無法支付罰款 官員會強迫你做人工流產，或將你

you.

結紮

Remember Feng Jianmei?

還記得馮建梅嗎？

In 2012, she was seven months pregnant with her second child, and couldn't pay the fine.

2012 年，她懷了第二胎且已經有七個月的身孕 因為無法繳納罰款

Officials captured her and forced her to have an abortion.

官員逮捕她並強迫她墮胎

A photo of Feng with her stillborn baby went viral on social media,

一張馮建梅和死嬰的照片在 社群媒體上受到大量轉載

causing an outcry against family planning enforcement.

造成對計劃生育執法的強烈抗議

From what I remember, Feng lived in a rural area,

若我沒記錯，馮建梅住在鄉村地區

so she should have been able to have a second child.

所以她應該能夠懷第二胎才對

Oh, yeah, she was eligible.

哦，是的，她符合條件

But she hadn't applied for a birth permit before getting pregnant.

但是她沒有在懷孕前申請出生許可證

So because she didn't have a birth permit, she was fined,

因為她沒有出生許可證所以受到罰款

and because she couldn't pay the fine, she had a forced abortion?

然後因為無法繳交罰款而遭到強迫墮胎？

Yes.

是的

Under the one-child policy there have been more than 330 million abortions and almost

在一胎化政策之下共有 3 億 3 千多萬墮胎案例，還有

200 million sterilizations.

約 2 億個結紮案件

And if Feng's daughter had been born, she wouldn't be able to get a residence permit.

就算馮建梅的女嬰順利生產下來 她也無法領取身份證明

That means she couldn't go to school, couldn't get a job, couldn't even go to the doctor.

這意味著她無法上學 無法找工作甚至無法看醫生

There are 6.5 million "undocumented" Chinese in that exact situation.

目前在中國有 650 萬的幽靈人口 面臨相同的情況

You know, I think about this sometimes because after I was born in China, my mother got a

你知道嗎？有時我會思考這個問題，因為 在我出生後我的母親配戴了

government-mandated IUD (intrauterine device).

政府強制規定的子宮環

Even though IUDs are supposed to have a 99% effectiveness rate, she got pregnant.

雖然子宮環應該有 99% 的避孕功效 她還是懷了第二胎

So if we hadn't already moved to America by then,

如果當時我們還未移民至美國

my sister probably wouldn't be alive today.

我的妹妹很可能今天就不會活著

That's really heavy.

這真的很沉重

So it sounds like changing the one-child policy will be a good thing?

所以，聽起來改變一胎化政策 是一件好事？

Right now, it looks like family planning commissions will still exist to enforce the two-child

現在看起來計劃生育委員會 仍然會繼續存在來執行二胎

policy.

政策

And a big reason is money.

有一個很大的原因在於錢

A lot of local governments make a substantial part of their revenue from family planning

許多地方政府透過計劃生育罰款 取得一大部分的財政收入

fines, especially in poorer areas.

特別是較為窮困的地區

There's even a saying that, for money,

甚至有一種說法是這樣講的

"Big cities depend on land, small towns depend on birth planning."

「大城市靠賣地收錢，小城市靠孩子收錢」

Some estimate that fines have made more than 300 billion dollars since the one-child policy

有些人估計自從一胎化政策實行以來 罰款總額已經超過

started.

3 千億

Will the new two-child policy help the demographic crisis the one-child policy caused?

那新的二胎政策能解決一胎化政策 造成的人口危機嗎？

It will take decades,

這將需要數十年

because the birth rate probably won't increase fast enough.

因為出生率的增長 速度可能會不夠快

When the two-child policy was piloted back in 2013,

在 2013 年二胎政策便開始試點執行

only 1 in 20 eligible couples applied to have a second child.

但每 20 對符合資格的夫妻 只有 1 對申請第二胎

You know, in the end, stopping the one-child policy is good PR.

但無論如何，終止一胎化政策 有助於提升形象

Most people outside China will probably think that it's a great thing.

其他國家的人可能會認為 這是一件很棒的事

But what they won't realize is that the underlying system isn't changing.

但他們沒有意識到 最根本的體制並未受到改變

Chris?

Chris？

Thanks, Shelley.

謝謝你 Shelley

So the Communist Party is swapping the one-child policy for a two-child policy.

所以，共產黨用了二胎政策 換上了一胎政策

But that's not going to change the fact that the Party is still telling people how many

但這並沒有改變 中共還在控制人民

children they are allowed to have.

能生多少小孩的事實

So will this new social engineering project

所以這項嶄新的社會工程計劃

designed to counter the previous social engineering project

有沒有辦法解決上一項

created to fix the first social engineering project work?

用於修復第一項社會工程計劃的社會工程計劃呢？

What do you think? Leave your comments below.

你認為呢？將你的意見表達在下面的留言板上

Thanks for watching this episode of China Uncensored and check out our Facebook page.

謝謝收看本集「中國解密」 也請前往我們的臉書專頁看看

I'm Chris Chappell. See you next time.

我是 Chris Chappell，下次見

Ai Weiwei is well known for criticizing Chinese censorship through his art.

艾未未向來以透過藝術批判中國的審查制度聞名

And now he is accusing LEGO of censoring him

現在他控訴樂高因

because of alleged pressure from the Chinese regime.

來自中國政權的壓力將他查禁

So Ai Weiwei handled the rejection in the mature, adult manner that one would expect from the eccentric artist.

所以艾未未以成熟心態表達他的不滿， 一個我們從異議藝術家身上料想得到的處理方式

The US guided missile destroyer, the USS Lassen,

美國導彈驅逐艦拉森號

sailed within 12 nautical miles of Chinese territory

在中國「領土」 12 海哩內航行

—as long as you consider artificial islands built on submerged reefs part of China's territory,

假如你真認為中國在珊瑚礁上蓋的 人工島也是他們領土一部份

which no besides China does.

全世界也只有中國這麼認為