and found that Kansas is in fact literally flatter than a pancake.

發現堪薩斯州其實比煎餅平坦。

Of course, the Earth is not flat, the Earth is round.

當然，地球不是平坦的，地球 是圓的。

Otherwise travellers would be falling off the edge all the time.

否則，船隻就會從地球的邊緣掉落。

Right?

對嗎？

Wrong.

錯了。

If the Earth was not a ball shaped, but was instead a flat disk, like this plate, well

如果地球不是球形的，但 而不是一個平盤，這樣的板塊，以及

with the weight, density and thickness, living in the middle could feel pretty normal.

同的重量，密度和厚度，活 在中間的話，能感覺到非常正常。

But as you move toward the edge, gravity on a disk Earth would slightly skew, pushing

但是當你對一個磁盤地球將略微傾斜的邊緣，重心移動，推

at a greater and greater angle back toward the centre.

在越來越大的角度向後朝向中心。

My friend Nick from 'yeti dynamics' put together this great simulation.

我的朋友尼克從'雪人動態“放在一起 這個偉大的模擬。

The person and buildings obviously aren't to scale but check out how such increasingly

人與建築顯然不是 成比例，但檢查出日益怎麼這麼

diagonal gravity would work. Although this is a flat disk, it would feel

對角線重力會工作。 雖然這是一個平盤，它會感覺

to a runner headed toward the edge, like they were fighting to climb up a steeper and steeper

向著邊緣為首的運動員，像他們戰鬥爬上一個陡峭

hill.

山。

The building foundations behind the runner

運動員背後的建築地基

reflect how you would have to build structures, closer and closer to the edge, so that people

反映您需要如何建立結構，越來越接近邊緣，所以這樣的人

living in them always felt like down was at right angles to the floor - the way we feel

住在他們總覺得自己倒在 直角的樓層 - 我們的感受

it on our big, round Earth. As you approach the edge, things would get

它在我們的大，圓圓的地球。 當你接近邊緣，情況會變得

scary.

嚇人。

Remember, this is a flat Earth, but it would

記住，這是一扁平地球，但它會

feel like a sheer drop off.

覺得自己像一個純粹的掉落。

What's really cool is that contrary to the

什麼是真正酷的是，違背了

"don't fall off the edge" fear, on a flat world because of gravity, the scary risk would

“不脫落的邊緣”的恐懼，在平坦的 世界上，因為重心，可怕的風險會

actually be falling away from the edge and rolling all the way back to the centre.

實際上從邊緣掉落的路程， 滾動所有的方式回到中心。

Once you stepped over the edge, instead of falling off into space, you'd be able to relax.

一旦你踩，而不是在邊緣， 脫落進入太空，你可以放鬆。

It would be a nice level place.

這將是一個不錯的水平位置。

This model, of course, neglects the fact that such

當然這個模型，忽略了實際上這種

a planet shape would be impossible.

行星狀是不可能的。

Anything as massive as the Earth, shaped like

任何聲勢浩大的地球，形如

a flat disc, would, under its own gravity, naturally collapse back into a ball.

扁平圓盤，將根據其自身的重力， 自然坍塌回球。

This is why in outer space everything more than few hundred miles in diameter is round.

這就是為什麼在外層空間的一切更 超過幾百英里的直徑是圓的。

Or so we've been told. What if gravity isn't real?

或者說，我們一直在說。 如果重力是不是真實的？

What if the Earth is, in fact, flat and science has been wrong all along?

如果地球是，事實上，平面和科學 一直錯一直？

It's a misconception that Christopher Columbus discovered that the Earth is round.

這是一個誤解，認為克里斯托弗·哥倫布 發現，地球是圓的。

Virtually every scholar and major religion in the West accepted Earth's rotundity, since

幾乎所有的學者和各大宗教 在西方接受了地球的圓形，因為

at least the time of the Ancient Greeks, who, for instance, had noticed that boats disappear

至少在古希臘人的時候，誰， 例如，已經注意到船消失

bottom first when sailing away. And, as you walk north and south, stars pop

倒數第一航行時程。 而且，當你走南北，明星流行

in and out of the view.

在進出視圖。

The misconception that only a few hundred

誤以為只有幾百

years ago lots and lots of people believed the Earth was flat likely began in the modern

年前，很多很多的人相信 地球是平的可能始於現代

era, as a sort of insult. Well, your people recently thought the Earth

時代，作為一種侮辱。 好了，你最近的人認為地球

was flat, so why should we believe you now? The smear was repeated and published so often

是平的，所以我們為什麼要相信你呢？ 塗片重複等經常發表

it became accepted as historical fact. "Flat-Earther" became synonymous with "Anti-science".

它成為公認的歷史事實。 “平Earther”成為代名詞，“反科學”。

It might seem flat over short distances, but over longer ones, well the Earth is pretty

這似乎平坦的短距離，但 在較長的人，以及地球是很

darn curvy.

該死的曲線美。

The Verrazano–Narrows Bridge, connecting

該韋拉札諾海峽大橋，連接

Staten Island and Brooklyn, had to be designed with Earth's roundness in mind.

斯塔滕島和布魯克林，必須設計 與地球的圓心中。

Its 2 towers, separated by 1300 metres, and perfectly vertical, are nonetheless 41 milimetres

它的2塔，由1300米分離， 完全垂直的，仍然是41 milimetres

further apart at the top than at the bottom

進一步分開在比底部上面

because of Earth's curvature.

由於地球的曲率。

In the 3rd century BC, Eratosthenes measured the differences between shadows cast by poles

在公元前3世紀，埃拉托色尼測 投兩極陰影之間的差異

in Syene and Alexandria to calculate, more than 2000 years before rockets and space travel,

在賽伊尼和亞歷山大來計算，更 比火箭和太空旅行2000年以前幾年，

the circumference of the entire globular Earth, with, for the time, impressive accuracy.

整個球形地球的圓周上， 與，的時間，令人驚嘆的準確。

Word got around that the Earth was a round shape after that.

消息傳開，地球是圓 後成型。

But in 1906, Wilbur Glenn Voliva became head of a slightly bizarre religious sect that

但在1906年，威爾伯格倫Voliva成為頭 一個稍微離奇的宗教教派的

pretty much ran the city of Zion, Illinois.

幾乎跑了市錫安，伊利諾伊州。

Voliva believed that the Earth was actually

Voliva認為地球是實際

flat and he enforced flat Earth's teachings in schools in Zion.

平他實施扁平地球的教誨 在學校錫安。

He also enforced that belief on really anyone who entered the city.

他還執行這一信念上真的有人 誰進了城。

Voliva believed not only that the Earth was flat, but that the sun was only few thousand

Voliva認為不僅地球是 平，但太陽只有幾千

miles away from Earth. Not 93 million.

英里遠離地球。 不是9300萬。

He also believed that the sun was only 32 miles across, not 860 000.

他還認為，太陽只有32個 英里寬，而不是860 000。

He sounds crazy, or does he? You see, the same phenomenon Eratosthenes

他聽起來很瘋狂， 是不是？ 你看，同樣的現象埃拉托色尼

measured could be explained by a flat Earth, if the sun were only few thousand miles away

測量可以通過一台地球來解釋， 如果太陽只有幾千英里遠

and 32 miles across - the math would work out the same.

和32英里寬 - 數學會工作 出同。

Today, with the power of the Internet, modern day flat Earthers have picked up where Voliva

如今，隨著互聯網的力量，現代 當天平Earthers已經接過了被Voliva

left off.

不放過。

They have quite good explanations for any

他們有相當不錯的解釋為任何

evidence you throw at them that the Earth is round.

證明你扔在他們，地球是圓的。

Circumnavigation is really just a flat circle path.

航行僅僅是一個扁圓形的路徑。

The round shadow Earth casts on the Moon during a lunar eclipse could also be made by a flat

圓形地球的影子投射在月球上時 月食也可以通過一台發

disc. Time zones are caused by spotlight sun, and

光盤。 時區由聚光燈陽光造成的，

remember how gravity would be totally different on a disc-shaped planet?

還記得重心將是完全不同的 上盤形的行星？

Well, they argue that gravity, as we know it, simply doesn't exist.

那麼，他們認為，重力，因為我們知道 它，根本不存在。

The flat disc of Earth is merely accelerating up at 9.8 metres per second.

地球的平盤僅僅是加速 向上以每秒9.8米。

As for all of the photos and video evidence we now have that the Earth is round, thanks

作為所有的照片和視頻證據 我們現在有，地球是圓的，謝謝

to space exploration, well all of that material is completely fabricated.

空間探測，以及所有的材料 完全是無中生有。

A hoax, perpetrated by Big Globe. Space agencies, airlines, globe manufacturers.

惡作劇，由大地球犯下的。 空間機構，航空公司，全球製造商。

They are reaping the rewards of our ignorant belief that the Earth is actually round.

他們正在收穫我們的無知的獎勵 相信地球是圓實際。

They know, of course, that it's flat. And they're hiding that truth from us.

他們知道，當然，它的持平。 而且他們隱瞞真相的我們。

Is it merely a coincidence that the logo used by the Flat Earth Society is a projection

難道僅僅是巧合標誌使用 由扁平地球協會是一個投影

of Earth, centred on the North Pole, and also happens to be the projection used by the United

地球，圍繞北極，也 恰好是投影用由聯合

Nations?

國？

Are these people for real?

難道這些人是真的嗎？

Probably not most of them. But this is the crocks of Poe's Law.

也許不是其中的大部分。 但是，這是坡定律的缸。

An adage that states that at their extremes, parody of extremism and sincere extremism

句老話，指出他們的極限， 極端主義和極端主義的真誠蠢事

are difficult to distinguish.

難以區分。

Although clever, flat Earth theories are predominantly

雖然聰明，扁平地球理論主要是

ad hoc explanations - excuses made up on the spot that only address one issue and don't

特別說明 - 藉口組成的 現場只解決一個問題，不

fit all the evidence.

適合所有的證據。

Science, of course, rejects a theory if a

當然，科學，拒絕理論，如果一個

better one fits more of our observations, but why the egoistical obsession with OUR

更好的適合我們更多的意見， 但為什麼自私自利的痴迷與我們

observations?

意見？

A cosmic ray particle could use the very same

宇宙射線粒子可以使用同樣的

scientific method we use and conclude that the Earth was, in fact, flat.

我們使用，並得出結論：科學方法 地球是，實際上，平。

You see, at speeds near the speeds of light, time slows down and lengths contract.

你看，在速度接近光速的速度， 時間變慢和長度合同。

One way we know this is that unstable muons, created in the upper atmosphere by the collision

我們知道這一點的一種方式是不穩定的介子， 通過碰撞上層大氣中產生

of cosmic rays with the atmosphere, should mostly decay before reaching Earth's surface.

宇宙射線與大氣的，應 大多腐爛到達地球表面之前。

But yet, we detect a lot of them down here, because they're crazy fast speed literally

但是呢，我們發現很多人到這裡， 因為他們瘋了較快的速度從字面上

means that, from our perspective, their physics runs according to a slower clock; and to them,

也就是說，從我們的角度來看，他們的物理 運行按照較慢的時鐘;並給他們，

the distance they have to cover to the surface during their short lives is, from their perspective,

距離他們要覆蓋到表面 在其短暫的一生，從他們的角度來看，

much much shorter than it appears to us. If you're a cosmic ray proton travelling at

很多很多短於它似乎給我們。 如果你是一個宇宙線質子在行駛

99.9999999999991% the speed of light, Earth would appear to be only 17 metres thick in

99.9999999999991％的光速，地球的速度 似乎是只有17米厚的

the direction you travel.

你前進的方向。

So Earth is flat to them, but round to us.

因此，地球是平的他們，但是反過來給我們。

It is ball shaped to some observers and flat to others.

它是球形一些觀察家和平板他人。

There doesn't appear to be a single most correct-est, in all circumstances, answer.

似乎沒有成為一個單一的最正確-EST， 在任何情況下，請回答。

Susan Haack compares knowledge to a crossword puzzle.

蘇珊·哈克比較知識縱橫字謎。

New answers interweave with old ones, they all reinforce one another.

新的答案交織，舊，他們 所有相互加強。

The clues are the questions we ask, and the way the answers fall into a predetermined

由於線索，我們提出的問題，以及 方式的答案落入預定

grid, well, that's our confidence that we're on the right track.

網格，好，這是我們的信心，我們是 在正確的軌道。

But that doesn't mean one day there will be a finished puzzle - a complete answer.

但是，這並不意味著有一天會 成品難題 - 一個完整的答案。

Recall The New York Times famous 1996 crossword puzzle that came out the day before the US

回想一下紐約時報著名的1996年填字遊戲 難題，走出的那一天，美國前

election between Bill Clinton and Bob Dole. The clue for 39 across was pretty crazy.

比爾·克林頓和鮑勃·多爾的競選。 線索39跨是相當瘋狂的。

You seemed to need to be able to tell the future to answer it correctly.

你似乎需要能夠告訴 未來的正確回答。

It simply said,

它簡單地說，

"Lead story in tomorrow's newspaper

在明天的報紙“頭條新聞

(blank) elected".

（空白）當選“​​。

Well that blank could be Clinton or Bob Dole and who's to say which one until tomorrow?

那麼這空白可能是克林頓還是鮑勃·多爾 而誰又能說哪一個到明天？

There's no way to know. But, as it turned out, the answer was Clinton,

有沒有辦法知道。 但是，事實證明，答案是克林頓，

or Bob Dole. No matter which you wrote in, all the other

或者鮑勃·多爾。 無論你寫的，其他所有的

clues fit. For instance, a "black Halloween animal" could

線索適合。 例如，“黑萬聖節動物”可能

either be a cat or a bat.

要么是一隻貓或者一隻蝙蝠。

Our knowledge about the outside world might

我們對外部世界的認識可能

be the same.

是相同的。

A puzzle with no answer key, just the reassurance

一個謎，沒有接聽鍵，只是安慰

that the answers we think we know fit together, so they're probably correct.

我們認為我們知道適合在一起的答案， 所以他們可能是正確的。

Though there's always the possibility that the answer to one clue, or all of them, will

儘管總是有可能性， 答案一個線索，或全部，將

fundamentally not have a single definite satisfying answer.

根本沒有一個明確的令人滿意的答案。

The puzzle may be playable forever.

讓人不解的可播放永遠。

I like what Richard Feynman says about this.

我喜歡理查德·費曼說這件事。

"Some people say 'How can you live without knowing?' I do not know what they mean. I

“有人說，'你怎麼能生活在沒有 知道？“我不知道他們的意思。我

always live without knowing - that is easy. How you get to know is what I want to know."

永遠活在不知道 - 這是很容易。 您是怎樣知道的是什麼，我想知道。“

You know?

你知道嗎？

And as always,

和往常一樣，

thanks for watching.

感謝收看。