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  • So what is human existence?

    人類的存在這件事是什麼?

  • How can you actually sum it up?

    你該怎麼去解釋?

  • It turns out it's really pretty simple.

    其實這非常的簡單。

  • We are dead stars, looking back up at the sky.

    我們就是那些回首仰望天空、死去的恆星。

  • Everything you are, I mean literally the iron in your blood, comes from the instant before a star dies.

    你身體的每個部分,像是血液裡面的鐵質,是恆星死掉前的瞬間所形成的物質。

  • You cut yourself, and you see that red from that oxygenated hemoglobin.

    把身體切開,你可以看到氧合血紅蛋白的紅色物質,

  • That was the instant of the death of a solar system.

    那是太陽系死亡的瞬間所產生的物質。

  • The universe began with only the element hydrogen,

    宇宙剛形成時只有氫元素,

  • the very very simplest atom that exists.

    氫元素是結構最簡單的原子。

  • And the only thing in the universe that can make a bigger atom is a star.

    宇宙裡唯一可以讓原子變得更大的東西就是恆星。

  • The entire periodic table, every element you ever heard of was processed inside the body of a star.

    週期表上你所有聽過的元素,都是在恆星內部處理形成的。

  • That star then unravelled or exploded.

    之後恆星會散開或是爆炸。

  • And here we are.

    然後,我們就產生了。

  • All a star is, is a dust cloud that is collapsing under the force of gravity.

    其實恆星就是一團受到重力而塌縮的塵埃雲。

  • That's it. And when you compress gas together, it actually heats up.

    就這樣。當你把這些氣體壓縮,他的溫度會升高。

  • There's a time when that's hot enough to set off a nuclear fusion reaction.

    當溫度夠高時,就足以產生核融合反應。

  • That actually supports the star.

    核融合反應其實可以支持恆星運作。

  • This nuclear explosion inside supports the star against further collapse.

    恆星內部的核融合支持恆星,防止進一步引力塌縮。

  • But that nuclear fusion reaction is using fuel, it's using hydrogen.

    不過核融合反應必須使用燃料,用的是氫元素。

  • And so eventually, that will burn out, and the collapse of gravity will keep going.

    核融合反應到最後,氫元素會用完,但是引力會持續塌縮。

  • In the case of a more massive star, the gravity crushes more and more tightly.

    在這種情況下,質量較大的恆星,更容易被引力向內擠壓更緊。

  • Things get hotter inside, you create things like carbon, oxygen, nitrogen,

    恆星內部越來越熱,其他元素像是碳、氧、氮也會產生,

  • until finally, you get to the element iron.

    直到最後,會得到鐵元素。

  • It fuses iron together, and instead of energy coming out, energy is actually absorbed.

    鐵元素會融合在一起,而能量不是被釋放出來,反而被吸收。

  • And the core of the star collapses.

    恆星的核心開始塌陷。

  • And that sets off the most violent, brilliant reaction we know of called a supernova reaction.

    這會造成很激烈、非常不可思議的反應,也就是超新星反應。

  • Everything outside the element of iron, everything heavier.

    所有在鐵元素外、更重的物質,

  • All the gold, all the silver, all the lead, all the uranium.

    像是金、銀、鉛、鈾,

  • That's formed in that supernova explosion.

    都是在超新星爆炸所產生的物質。

  • A single star will glow as brightly as entire galaxies, that's hundreds of billions of stars, in that moment of death.

    單一顆恆星在死亡的瞬間,會跟所有星系加起來一樣亮,那是好幾千億顆恆星加總。

  • And that's what you are.

    這就組成了人類。

  • That literally what your body is...

    你身體的組成

  • Is that instant of death.

    就是恆星死亡瞬間所產生的物質。

  • You know, it's so tempting. Humans have done this before, for literally tens of thousands of years.

    這非常容易誤解。人類也已經錯了好幾千萬年了,

  • They think of the stars as eternal.

    他們認為恆星是永恆的。

  • Stars will all burn out someday.

    恆星總有一天都會燃燒殆盡。

  • There's only a certain amount of stellar fuel, hydrogen.

    只會剩下少數的燃料、氫氣,

  • Stars are burning through it.

    恆星運用這些燃料燃燒。

  • And the stars, as we know them, will all die out in some trillions of years.

    在幾兆年之後,我們所知的這些恆星都會死亡。

  • And the universe will be dark, for the rest of time. Whatever that means.

    在往後的日子,宇宙將會一片黑暗。不管這帶有什麼含意。

  • But think about that, we're actually living in Eden right now.

    不過你想想,我們現在是活在伊甸園。

  • We're living in a time when this ten-billion-year-lived thing, the sun,

    我們活在擁有一百億年生命的太陽之下,

  • is pouring down free energy, we are using it, we are evolving,

    它提供我們能量,我們正在使用它,它讓我們進化,

  • we are becoming sentient, we are looking out at the universe.

    我們變得更靈敏,我們向著宇宙展望。

  • And what an amazing thing to think that that's for a tiny little brief part of the universe's history.

    很神奇的是在宇宙悠久的歷史裡,這只佔了非常小的一段時間。

  • And everything else will be dark.

    其他時候都會是黑暗的。

  • It does give you an ownership, about how wonderful this time is.

    這給我們一種體認,就是這段時間是多麼美好,

  • How wonderful your life is right now. Your literal life.

    生命是多麼美妙。你現有的生命。

  • But also how wonderful this time of the universe is.

    以及這段時間宇宙的美好。

  • Someday I wonder, if people will have myths about the days when stars rained down free sunlight, free energy.

    我好奇將來有一天,人類是否會寫有關恆星散發陽光、能量的神話故事。

So what is human existence?

人類的存在這件事是什麼?

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