China is making claim to a string of uninhabited Islands they call

中國也主張他們稱為釣魚臺列嶼的無人島

the Diaoyo Islands. The problem is these are the exact same islands.

為它的領土。 問題在於這兩個根本是一樣的島嶼

The dispute is putting extra strain on the already tense relationship between China and

這個爭議使得原本就很緊繃的中日關係顯得更加緊張

Japan. The question is why are things so tense, and why have they been tense for the

問題在於為什麼這件事是如此的緊張，又為什麼過去一百年以來一直持續

last hundred or so years?

著這緊繃的狀態？

Well, there is a shockingly long history of military conflict between China and Japan.

嗯，其中這有個中日長久以來軍事衝突之下的驚人歷史

The first recorded battle dates all the way back to 663 AD, but the incident at the heart

首次有記載的戰爭要回到遙遠的西元663年，衝突事件的重點是

of this conflict is the treatment of the Chinese by the Japanese during the Second Sino-

日本人在第二次中日戰爭期間對待中國人的方式

Japanese War. A war that continued deep into World War Two and included one of the

這是一個對第二次世界大戰有深遠影響的戰爭，其中也發生了

largest atrocities of modern times: the Nanking Massacre, also known as

近代最大規模的暴行之一：南京大屠殺，也被稱為

“the rape of Nanking.” I should mention now that this section of our video is going to

「南京暴行」。我現在應該要提一下接下來影片是相當的

be graphic, but describing the scale and cruelty of the Nanking Massacre is crucial to

寫實，但是詳細描述南京大屠殺的規模以及殘暴行為是非常重要的

understanding the relationship between China and Japan.

以了解中國與日本之間的關係

In 1937 Imperialist Japan, which is a very different country culturally than current

在西元1937年日本皇室時代，日本是一個與現今日本文化相當不同的國家

day Japan, invaded China and captured the Chinese capital of Nanking. During the

入侵中國並佔領中國首都南京。 在入侵期間

invasion and the first six-weeks of occupation, the Japanese army committed countless

以及在第一次的六週占領中，日本軍隊犯下了無數

shocking and heinous war crimes. According to the International Military Tribunal For

令人震驚且極惡的戰爭犯罪。 遠東國際軍事法庭

The Far East, that the war crimes tribunal later established, Japanese soldiers raped

戰爭犯罪法院在此後成立了，根據它的資料，日本軍人強暴了

approximately 20,000 women including infants and the elderly. Many of these women

不論嬰兒還有老年人約共兩萬名女性。 其中有許多女性

were mutilated, and left to die. This period also saw widespread looting, arson, and the

被斷手斷腳，然後被留下來等死。 這個時期也經歷了搶劫、縱火，還有

murder of between 40,000 and 300,000 Chinese Civilians, including the extrajudicial

四萬到三十萬的中國平民遭到殺害，其中包括非經法律程序

killing of Chinese prisoners of war and a highly publicized murder spree between two

殺害中國戰俘，還有一個轟動一時的新聞是兩個日本軍人比賽

Japanese soldiers to see who could be the first to kill 100 Chinese citizens by sword.

誰能夠先用刀子殺死一百個中國平民

They both surpassed this mark on the same night to great fanfare at home. Those are

他們倆個在同一晚內都超過這個標準並開心地回家炫耀。 這些就是

the general details of the massacre, but the stories from the survivors and Western

關於南京大屠殺的一般細節，但是生還者和在場的西方觀察家的描述

observers that were there at the time are much worse than what we were able to

比我們能在這所言及的還要更加地可怕

mention here and the long term effects of this atrocity are still having an impact today.

這暴行的影響至今仍未散去

The Rape of Nanking is why a large percentage of the Chinese public still hates

很大一部分的中國人仍憎恨著日本便是由於南京暴行

Japan. They also hate Japan because, since the Nanking Massacre, Japanese officials

除此之外，南京大屠殺後日本官員

and schools have downplayed the Nanking Incident, making it seem like less of an

以及學校將南京事件輕描淡寫，讓它看起來好像不如事實

atrocity than it actually was, in many of their textbooks and public statements.

一般地慘忍，他們在許多教科書和公開聲明中都如此地操作

The two nations also have enormous political and cultural differences. China is a

兩個國家也在政治上和文化上有巨大的差異。 中國是一個

communist nation with close ties to Russia and a history of siding with the USSR during

親俄的社會主義國家也有一段在冷戰時期偏袒蘇聯的歷史

the Cold War. Japan is a free market economy with close ties to the United States and a

日本則是一個與美國關係密切的自由市場經濟國家並且

history of siding with the US during the cold war. They are also both making aggressive

也有在冷戰時期支持美國的歷史。 兩者都積極在

gains in military strength, and both fighting for greater influence in the region. The issue

軍事實力上成長，也同時在區域中爭奪著較大的影響力。

over the disputed Islands mentioned at the top of this video, is a microcosm of the

在影片一開始提到爭議的島嶼問題只是兩個國家之間為了影響力和

greater dispute between the two nations over influence and resources. The situation is

資源的大爭議中的一小部分而已。情勢是

tense, but China and Japan are also trade partners and as such both their economies

相當緊張的，但是中國和日本同時也是經貿夥伴

benefit from keeping open negotiations and a continued peace.

為雙方經濟利益著想，中日藉由保持開放的協商延續和平狀態

If you’d like to hear more about tensions between countries, check out our video on

如果你想要看到更多國家之間的緊張局勢，看看我們的影片

the rocky relationship between Serbia and Albania.

塞爾維亞與阿爾巴尼亞之間的緊張關係

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