this is Andrew again from Crown Academy of English

for another English lesson today,

and we are going to look

at the future tense. So we are going to look at

verbs in the future tense and

in particular, we are going to look at the form

of "going to" plus

a verb...okay ... because in English there are

lots of different future tenses.

There are about four or five and

this is the first one we're going to look at. So

"going to" plus a verb.

Let's get started. So

for an example,

here we can see

somebody is

reading a book and

here ... so we can say in the future,

"Tonight I am going

to read a book." ... ok so this is talking

about the future and

the person is saying I am going to read

a book... ok ... So let's look at

this structure in more detail.

Let's conjugate the verb. So

we say "I am going to read", "You

are going to read", "He /

she / it is going to read",

"We are going to read"

and "They

are going to read." So this

is an example of

"going to" and

you should be able to see there is a pattern here.

So let's

look at this in more detail. So

we separate this part out and we can see that there are in fact

two parts of the structure. The first part

on the left is

the present progressive of the verb

"to go" .. okay ... so

if you do not know what the present progressive

is, then ...

I advise you to look at my other lesson.

So it's on the screen now here ...

I have another lesson

on explaining what the present progressive is.

So it is the present progressive

of the verb "to go" ... so "I am going",

"You are going", "He / she / it is going",

"We are going", "They are going"....

and all of them are followed

by the word "to" and then

the verb in the infinitive... so the base verb.

So this example is

"to read" So

to summarise, the structure ...

the form is present progressive of the verb "to go" ...

plus the infinitive

of the verb. So this is.... the

infinitive means the base verb.

So the infinitive is the word "to"

followed by the verb...

okay...

and now

let's look at the other forms

of the structure. So here we are, we have already seen this

on the left so I'm not going to explain it again.

So this is the affirmative... and the other form we can have

is the question form.

So let's look at the question form: "am I going to read?",

"are you going to read",

"is he / she /

it going to read?", "are we going to read?"

and "are they

going to read?". So this is just a normal

question form. So we

reverse the order of

the subject "I" with ...

"am"

So this is the verb "to be".

Again, you should watch my lesson on the

present progressive if you don't understand this.

So "am I going?" is

the question form of "I am going" ...

and then we always follow it with the infinitive

plus the verb... the infinitive form of the verb...

so "are you going to read?"

And finally, let's look at the negative

form: "I am

not going to read",

"you are not going to read",

"he / she / it is not going to read",

"we are not going to read",

and "they are not going

to read." So...

the important word here is the word "not".

So in the negative, we

add the word "not"

in between the verb "to be" here

and the word "going".

so "going" is the present progressive

of the verb "to go"

So everywhere, on all of these, we add the word "not",

"not", "not", "not"

and "not".

ok? So we have the affirmative, the question

and the negative.

Now let's look at some uses of

"going to".

So the first main use

is an action

in the future that has been planned

or prepared. So it is a

future tense and we use it to describe

something that is going to happen in the future ...

in the future ... and we have planned it,

or it is prepared ... so we know

it is going to happen

Let's look at some examples:

Example 1

"I am going to buy a car next week." So

this is planned...

okay ... we know we are going to buy a car. It's next week

and so we say "I am going to buy a car

next week". So it is prepared.

We know it's going to happen. So we use

"going to". So this is "going to"

and this is the verb "to buy"

example 2:

"Tomorrow, We are going to visit London." Tomorrow

is in the future and

"we are going to visit London."

So "going" we are going

and then we have

"to visit" - this is the verb in the infinitive form -

"to visit" ... and

the last example is:

"After lunch ... after lunch,

he is going to call Mr Brown." So

"he is going" - this is the "going"

part and then it is followed by

the verb in the infinitive - "he is going to call".

So "to call" is the verb....."Mr Brown"

So "after lunch". Lunch is when we

eat during the day.

So this is indicating that it is in the future. So again,

all of these examples are actions which are

planned or prepared.....alright?

So we know they are going to happen. Let's look at

another use of "going to"

So

another use is a conclusion of something

in the immediate future ... okay?

So we can also call this

an expectation. So based

on something in the present... so there is a situation

in the present...

and from that, we know

what is going to happen in the future. Example:

"There

are lots of clouds in the sky. It is going to rain."

So the first part of the sentence

shows the present. So in the present,

right now, we can see there are lots of clouds

in the sky. So because of that,

in the future we know that

it is going to rain. So that is

what I mean when I talk about

a conclusion... okay... an expectation.

It is expected that it is going to rain.

So because of

this situation in the present, we know in the future

that it is going to rain. So we use the future tense...

we use "going to

rain" .. "going" plus the verb in the infinitive.

So

another example: "David

missed the bus. He is going to be late.

So David here, he

woke up late. He woke up and

he missed the bus. He was late for the bus.

So because of THIS...

then the conclusion is

THIS. So the conclusion is "He is going to be late."

So "he is going" is the "going"

part of the structure and then

the verb is "to be". So "he is going

to be" - So this is the infinitive

of the verb "to be". "going to be late".

Ok, so that is the two

uses of this future tense okay?

Now,

we're going to look now at some

informal ... an informal version

of this. So,

native speakers... native English speakers...

so people like myself or other people

who live in England or in America

or Canada or anywhere

where they are native English speakers... we often say

"gonna" okay? You probably hear it a lot in films, movies,

on television, or if you

know somebody who is

a native English speaker... you will hear them say the word "gonna"...

and let's have an example:

So

"I'm thirsty. I'm gonna have a drink."

so this, you'll often hear

being said by native speakers...

and this is the same

as .... "I'm thirsty.

I'm going to have a drink." So these two

sentences here.... they have the same

meaning ok? So

"gonna" is the same

as "going to". So this is what has changed.

"gonna" has replaced "going

to"...and the reason people say "gonna"

is because when they are speaking quickly,

it is easier to say

"gonna" than "going to".

"going to" is quite long

to say. So when native speakers are

speaking quickly, they say

"I'm gonna"... ok?

BUT important,

be careful...

because gonna is NOT good

English... okay. This is important ok...

it is NOT good English.

It is very informal okay....

So people often say it in an informal

context for example

young people speaking with

other young people or

speaking to somebody in the street...

okay? But you would never

say this, for example, in a job interview.

If you had a job interview and somebody was saying

"gonna", then it's .... it's not very good!

Ok, so it is informal,

used in informal English....

and it's usually only spoken English

okay? You should not write it. Do NOT

write "gonna". That would be bad if you

were writing a letter to somebody, for example,

you should never write the word "gonna"

ok... the only time you would write it

would be if you are quoting

somebody. So if you are writing

direct speech. But

most of the time, you should never write the word

"gonna"

But, I have to say, it is very common

alright? You are going to hear it a lot...

okay. If you watch any

television, American television or

British television then you will hear the word "gonna"

a lot... okay so ...

it is bad English but it is important

that I explain it to you because

you will hear it a lot so you need to understand it.

Ok so now you know if you hear the word "gonna",

the person its actually saying "going to"...

okay. So it's very informal,

bad English, but you will hear it a lot.

It is used a lot in .. in