but isn't not eating for a long time kind of dangerous

但長時間不吃東西不是很危險嗎？

Bom dia earthlings, thanks for stopping by DNews, I'm Trace.

感謝您收看 DNews ，我是崔斯

The Holy Month of Ramadan is wrapping up this week,

伊斯蘭教的齋戒月即將在這周結束啦

and those Muslims who have been fasting for 15 hours a day or more will be able to enjoy food anytime once again.

穆斯林在經過一天 15 小時的禁食後終於可以想吃就吃了

It's not just Muslims who fast, Christians, Jews, Confucians, Hindus and other religions have followed the practice for thousands of years.

不只是穆斯林會禁食，基督教、猶太教、印度教和儒家人士等等也有這樣的傳統數千年了

Non-religious folks fast too, usually for medical or dietary reasons.

非宗教人士也會禁食，通常是為了醫療或健康原因

For some people, the idea of abstaining from food while the sun is in the sky is unfathomable,

對一些人來說，白天忌諱食物是很玄的

and they might feel that it's even unsafe! So science is here to demystify some fasting myths.

甚至會有礙健康！現在就請科學來幫我們釐清關於禁食的迷思

A person is considered to be "fasting" if they've abstained from a meal for 8-12 hours,

一個人 8 到 12 小時沒有吃任何東西，就算在禁食

so if you think about it, most people fast every night — and then BREAK their fast in the morning.

照這樣說來，每個人晚上都在禁食，隔天早上就解禁

That's where the term BREAK-FAST comes from.

這也就是英文 Breakfast 的由來

Fasting is a completely normal part of being an animal on the planet of earth.

禁食對地球上的動物來說是稀鬆平常的

Many organisms eat only once a day or less,

有些有機生物甚至一天只進食一次或根本沒進食

especially those eating high-calorie foods like meats. Cold-blooded carnivores, like

尤其把像肉類這種高熱量食物做為主食的動物，或冷血的肉食性動物，

snakes, can go DAYS between meals, whereas warm blooded carnivores, like wolves or coyotes, they hunt daily.

比如說像蛇，他們可以好幾天不吃東西。而溫血的肉食性動物，像野狼或土狼，則是每天狩獵

Like the coyote, humans are built to be able to fast for a short period. A day or so isn't

人類就跟土狼一樣，屬於短時間禁食的那種。一兩天不吃東西

going to hurt you and some studies have shown short-term fasts can actually extend lifespan, they can boost

不會怎麼樣。有些研究甚至表示，短時間禁食可以延長壽命,

immunity and mental function, and so on and so forth. We did a whole video about that last Ramadan. So check it out.

刺激免疫及心理系統等等。們在上次齋戒月的影片已經做過相關介紹了，可以去找來看

A study published last month in Cell Stem Cell found that fasting two to four days at

Cell Stem Cell 網站上個月發表一項研究指出，禁食時間長達二到四天

a time can cause a reduction in white blood cells, which sounds bad, but it's actually a GOOD thing. See,

會造成血液中白血球數下降，聽起來好像很慘，但其實沒那麼糟！因為

the cells that are killed off are the older or damaged immune cells, and when the body

被消滅的細胞是比較老而且有損壞的免疫細胞，當身體

rebounds, it uses stem cells to create brand new, healthy ones.

再度活絡起來，幹細胞就會製造全新健康的細胞

Long-term fasting, on the other hand, is a whole other beast. When humans fast, our bodies

長時間禁食又是另一回事了。人在禁食時

go through a very predictable schedule. Our bodies are great at squirreling away energy

人體會進入一個預定排程的模式。我們的身體善於儲存能量

in the forms of fats and sugars. But, like coyotes, ideally, we'd eat every day or so

不管是以脂肪或糖類的方式。但就跟土狼一樣，照理說，我們每天都該吃東西

to replenish those reserves. After 24-48 hours of fasting, the glycogen reserves stored in

以重新補充能量。經過一至二天的禁食，儲存在肌肉和肝臟中的肝醣，

our liver and muscles — basically carbohydrates — are empty. After two days, the body's figured

大部分屬於醣類，就會用完了。兩天後，

out that it needs to feed on itself, and is going to start breaking down muscle and fat tissues.

身體會自動察覺該補充營養，於是就開始分解肌肉組織和脂肪

Obviously, water is important too. 72 hours without water is dangerous, so while straight

想當然，水分也是很重要的。人只要 72 小時沒有喝水就有危險，所以在這短時間內

food fasting isn't so bad for you in a short burst, 72 hours is the beginning of

不吃固體食物，不會對你有害，但 72 小時不喝水

medical dehydration. So drink water, no matter what.

人體就會脫水，所以不管如何，一定要喝水

Some of you might already be Yahoo-ing to get the lowdown on a fasting diet,

想必你們一定在網路上查到不少節食的方法

but the problem is, humans don't REALLY work that way. When you fast, you lose a few pounds right

但問題是，一般根本不會那樣做！節食的時候，你可能馬上少了幾公斤

away, but that's mainly liquid weight, and it will be replaced as soon as you eat again.

但那只是體內水分的流失。你一吃東西馬上又補回來。

Which is another thing, Researchers at Cornell asked college students to fast for 18 hours,

康乃爾大學的研究人員就做了一項實驗：請大學生禁食 18 小時

and then offered them a buffet-style meal (not unlike Iftar, or community meals after

18 小時後，提供自助式餐點給他們 (不是伊斯蘭教的那種晚上吃的集體開齋飯)

sundown during Ramadan). The most popular foods were those that were high in calories,

最多人拿來吃的食物屬於高熱量食物

carbs and starches, because our cells don't know if we're EVER GOING TO EAT AGAIN! Therefore,

像是醣類和澱粉。因為我們體內的細胞不知道何時能再吃東西，

they turn on the cravings for carbs and fats which might fend off long-term starvation.

所以他們選擇醣類、澱粉或脂肪，避免長時間肚子餓的情況再發生

But that's silly, you know you're going to eat again! Don't listen to your reptilian

這樣做其實很蠢，因為你知道你會再吃東西啊！所以不要隨便聽你的大腦指示好嗎？！

brain! Ideally, a human coming off of a fast would eat vegetables and fruits. Lean meats

一個人在結束禁食的時候，通常會吃蔬菜水果，

and a few carbs can be part of the meal, too, but not a big part.

瘦肉和碳水化合物會有一些，但分量絕對不多

Ultimately, fasting puts stress on the systems of your body, but low-level stress that isn't going

最後一點，節食固然會對你的身理系統造成一些負擔，但這種程度的負擔

to hurt you, and it might build up the systems -- similar to how exercisebuilds muscles.

不會對你有害，反而對你的生理系統有幫助，就跟運動可以強壯你的肌肉是一樣的道理

Fasting isn't dangerous or deadly, as long as it's done properly and in partnership with

禁食沒有那麼危險或致人於死，只要掌控得宜

a healthy diet and exercise.

再搭配正確的飲食和運動就可以了

If you decide to fast, let us know why and how you've done it! You know, cause we're curious.

如果你想要禁食，告訴我們為什麼吧，還有你怎麼執行？我們很想知道你的節食之旅是怎麼樣

You can fill us in on your journey in the comments, or send us a tweet at-DNews or me

你可以在下方留言，或在推特留言給 DNews 或我也行

at-TraceDominguez. Speaking of journeys, if you want to know how MSL Curiosity got to

說到「旅程」， 你們知道美國NASA的火星探測車「好奇號」成功抵達火星了嗎？

Mars, and what the heck it's doing up there come to our SpaceOut on July 30th at 4pm Pacific

想知道更多細節， 7 月 30日太平洋時間下午四點，請準時鎖定 SpaceOut

Time! We're getting experts from NASA JPL who actually work with the rover on Mars every

我們會邀請 NASA 噴射推進實驗室的專家們來到現場，他們的任務就是在火星上和探測車共事

sol -- that's Martian for Day! See you're learning already! Get over there and RSVP.

可以說是現代版的火星人了！看，你已經學到一些東西了. 記得收看並留言回覆

Thanks for watching DNews! and please subscribe.

感謝收看！不要忘了訂閱 DNews