E, what you...? Hi. James from engVid. I've noticed my friend, E, is putting butter

E，你。。。？嗨，我是engVid的James。我注意到我的朋友，Ｅ，正在用黃油

all over his little wormy body, and standing in the sun. I think he wants to be tanned.

塗滿他小小的蟲身，然後站在太陽底下。我想，他是想做日光浴吧

This is not the best way to get a tan, by the way. I'm just telling you. Don't put butter

不過，我跟你說，這並不是最好的做日光浴的方法。不要在身上塗滿黃油，

on yourself and sit in the sun. But this is strange: "Butter me up, baby." Hmm. And then:

然後坐在太陽底下。不過，卻有這句用語：「阿謏奉承我吧，寶貝」。然後還有：

"Flattery will get you everywhere with Mr. E." What does that mean? That's today's lesson.

「奉承能讓你通行無阻。」這是什麼意思呢？這就是今天的課程

What we want to talk about is "criticism" and "praise", or "criticize" and "praise".

我們今天要討論的是名詞的「批評；評論」和「稱讚；讚美」或動詞「批評；批判」和「讚美；稱讚」

We have synonyms we're going to work with, and then some common popular expressions.

我們先來討論同義字，再來講一些常見的流行用語

Right? To help you be able to use them in real life, so you can become like a native

好嗎？這能幫你在現實生活上活用這些詞語，這樣子，才能成為一位英語母語者

speaker. And let's go to the board to start.

我們開始上課吧

We have a little seesaw here. or heehaw, whatever. And you notice a balance, it's balancing down

白板上面有個小蹺蹺板，而且注意到它的平衡重心是往

for criticize, because criticism is usually considered negative. Okay? And praise is usually

批評的那一方，因為批評通常被視為有負面的意思，懂嗎？而讚美通常

considered good. So you can think of devil - dun-dun-dun-dun", or angel - aaah. Okay?

被視為是好的。因此，你可以聯想到惡魔（登場聲）或天使（登場聲），了解？

So, when we say somebody criticizes something it's they say something bad about something.

當我們說某人批評某事物時，便是說他們在說某事物不好

Okay? "The food is too salty, it's too hot. The room's too warm. The car's too big." They

了解？「這道菜太鹹、太燙了。這房間太熱了。那輛車太大了。」

criticize it. When they praise it, they might say: "It's very roomy", or: "The food is full

他們批評。當他們讚美時，他們可能會說：「這房間真寬敞。」或是說：「這道菜味道十足。」

of flavour", or: "You did a good job." To praise. Opposites. Right?

或者是：「做得好。」讚美，與批評相反，懂嗎？

So let's go start over here because I'm that kind of guy, and I'm going to look at "critic".

好，讓我們看這裡，我們先來看「批評家；評論家」

So the noun, a person who criticizes is a critic. Now, a critic doesn't necessarily

它是名詞，指一個批評的人。注意的是，批評家並不是

always have to be negative. It's considered negative, because when a critic speaks, they're

只有負面的意思。它被認為是負面，是因為當批評家開口說話時，

going to talk about the things that didn't go well or weren't as good as they thought.

他們會說事情進行並不順利，或沒有他們想像中美好

Okay? Now, a critic is also a job, because they might go see a movie or a book, and they'll

懂嗎？批評家也是一份工作，因為他們可能會去看一場電影或讀一本書，

tell you what they loved about the book. But no critic will keep their jobs if they just

然後會告訴你，他們為何喜歡這本書。但沒有一位批評家可以保得住飯碗，

say: "Everything was just great. I loved everything. I love all of the movies." They won't have

如果他們只是說：「每件事都很美好，我喜愛每件事，我喜愛所有電影。」他們很快

a job very long, because people say: "Not everything's good." So a critic's job is to

就會丟掉飯碗，因為人們會說：「不是每件事都很好。」所以，一位批評家的職責是

look at things, maybe say some things are good, but to tell you what was missing and

看某樣事物，也許說有的東西很好，但也會說少了什麼，

what could have been done better. So that's an official job, a critic. But a critic could

以及如何能做得更好。因此，批評家是一份正式的工作，但批評家也可以是

also be someone who finds faults, so we mean they look for things to be wrong, and then

很愛找碴的人，意思是說他們專門找出錯誤，並說出來

mention it. They can't just be happy. You're eating dinner, it's a good restaurant, but

他他們不能只是快樂。你在一間不錯的餐廳吃晚餐，但是

the lighting's not quite right and they're like: "Everything good, but the lighting wasn't

燈光不怎麼對，他們便會說：「大致上都不錯，但燈光不對，

right and I don't like it." Why do you got to be such a critic? Why do you have to bring

我不喜歡。」為何你一定要這樣批評呢？為什麼一定要提起

something negative?

這麼負面的事呢？

The second one is "cynic". Oh, sorry, I'm wrong. "Pessimist". A pessimist... Unlike

第二個字是「憤世嫉俗者」。喔，對不起，我搞錯了，是「悲觀主義者」。「悲觀主義者」，

a critic, a critic as I said can be a job or someone who finds some fault. A pessimist

跟批評家不同，批評家可以是一份工作或某人指出錯誤。「悲觀主義者」，

sees almost everything in a negative light. They see any situation, in a person - they

幾乎都是用負面的角度去看待每一件事。不論是看任何情況，任一個人－他們

see the worst or something bad. You say: -"It's a beautiful sunny day. Like the birds are

只看到最糟糕或不好的一面。你說：－「今天天氣很不錯，出太陽。小鳥在外飛翔，

out, children are smiling. I got a new car, a new job." -"It's going to rain soon." -"Why

小孩子們在歡笑。我買了輛新車，找到一份新工作。」－「快要下雨了。」－「為什麼

you got to bring that up? The children are out, everything's good. Why do you have to

你要提起快下雨的事？小孩子在外面玩要，一切很美好。為何你一定要

talk about it?" -"It will rain. It always does." -"Yes, but not today." Okay? So a pessimist

提起快下雨的事呢？」－「一定會下雨，總是在下雨。」－「沒錯，但今天不會。」了解？所以，「悲觀主義者」

will say something will happen or you go: -"Look at my brand new car." -"It will break

總會說某事會發生。或者你說：－「看看我新買的車子。」－「它之後會壞掉。」－

down." -"Okay. Leave it alone. I just got it. Okay?" Pessimist.

「好，不要管它，我才剛買到而已，好嗎？」「悲觀主義者」

So, cynic, we get it. Could be a job or someone finds some fault in something. Okay? A pessimist

所以，「憤世嫉俗者」（但其實講者應該是指critic－批評家），可以是一份工作或某人找碴，了解？

sees everything is negative, there's always a negative something to everything. It's not

悲觀主義者看每件事都很負面，對於每件事總是有負面的評價

just looking at a book. Life's a bad situation. "You're born and you're going to die." This

不只是看著一本書而已，人生是一個很糟的情形。「人出生了，然後死亡。」

is a pessimist. They can't see: but you are alive.

這就是悲觀主義者，他們看不到：「但你還活著」的事實

So what's a "cynic"? Or what's this "kynikos", kynikos, kynikos. K9, k-ni-, kyninikini. Well,

那什麼是「憤世嫉俗者」呢？或者，什麼是Kynikos呢? K9（狗食飼料牌之一）

let's look. This is actually a Greek word, and this Greek word has to do with doglike.

我們來看一下這字，其實是希臘字，而且是「跟狗一樣」有關

So what does doglike and cynic have to do? Well, the pessimist is negative about everything.

「跟狗一樣」與「憤世嫉俗者」有什麼關係呢？嗯，悲觀主義者是看每件事都很負面

Everything's bad. Sun: "Oh, the sun's out. You're going to get cancer." I'm drinking

每件事都不好。舉例來說，太陽：「喔，太陽出來了，會得到癌症。」我正在喝水：

water. "Yeah, you're going to have to pee." Nothing is good. A cynic is a special brand

「嗯，你等一下會想尿尿。」沒有一件事是好的。憤世嫉俗者的想法與其他人不同

of animal. A cynic, my friend, thinks that people only do things for themselves; it's

憤世嫉俗者，認為別人只為他們自己著想，凡事都只關於自己而已

all about you. They're always about self-interest. They're not saying everything in the world

他們總是關於自身利益。他們不是在說這世界每件事都不好

is bad. They don't think the sun is necessarily bad or water is bad, but they think... A cynic

他們不覺得太陽一定不好，或水一定不好，但他們覺得。。。憤世嫉俗者是像：

is: -"Oh, he helped you move the couch. He wants a date." Everything someone does is

「喔，他幫你搬沙發，那他一定是想要跟你約會。」認為某人做每件事，

for a reason. They're looking for self-interest. That's what cynics think.

都是有理由的。他們在尋找自身利益，那就是憤世嫉俗者所想的

So, why this word here? Well, it's really a Greek word. You see, the Greeks use this

那為何這字（Kynikos）出現在這裡？實際上，那是個希臘字，希臘人使用這個字－

word, K9, if you know the word for dog is K9, kynikos, it means like a dog. This word

K9，假如你知道稱呼狗的字是 K9，Ｋynikos，指像狗一樣

means like a dog. So a cynic sees people like a dog. A dog [pants like a dog] does everything

這字意思是像狗一樣。所以，憤世嫉俗者看人像狗一樣。一隻狗［像狗一樣吐舌喘氣］做每件事，

for self-interest. Right? It's man's best friend because it will... [Pants like a dog]

都是為了自身利益，是吧？牠是人類最好的朋友，因為牠會。。。［像狗一樣吐舌喘氣］

Wants a home and wants food. It loves you because you will take care of it, and they

想要有一個家，想要填飽肚子，牠愛你，因為你會照顧牠，

think cynics are like that. They only look for interest for themselves. "What am I going

他們認為憤世嫉俗者就像那樣子。他們只在乎自己的利益。「我能得到什麼好處？

to get? That's why I did it." So anything humans do that are good, a cynic thinks you

那便是我為何那麼做。」因此，任何人做的好事，憤世嫉俗者認為你

did it for a reason because you benefit. And that's what makes it different from a pessimist.

是因為能得到好處才這麼做的。這也是和悲觀主義者的不同之處

So, hey, even if you speak English, you just got schooled, Bub. Okay? A pessimist sees

所以，即使你說英語，Ｂub，你剛好上了一課，了解？悲觀主義者看

everything negatively, a critic picks certain things, while a cynic looks at the human animal.

每件事都很負面，批評家專挑某些事情，而憤世嫉俗者則把人當動物來看待

Right? [Pants like a dog] Like a dog.

懂嗎？［像狗一樣吐舌喘氣］像狗一樣

So what's a "backseat driver"? Got to put it up there. Ladies, gentlemen, you know you're

什麼是「後座駕駛員」呢？（指喜歡從後面指揮別人的人）必須把這字放上來，女士先生們，你知道

driving and you're driving 50 and the speed limit's 50, there's always some idiot in the

你在開車，時速是50，而限速也是50，但總會有一些很白目坐在後座的人，

back, saying: "Just go 60. There's no one on the road. I don't know why you don't go

說：「開60吧，又沒有其他人在路上，不懂為何你不開到60，

60. And you know, you could also..." That's called a backseat driver. They are a critic

而且你知道你可以。。。」那就是叫「後座駕駛員」

of the worst kind. They tell you how to drive when they're sitting in the back and it's

他們是批評家種類中，最糟糕的一種。他們坐在後座，然後告訴你該怎麼開車，

all relax for them, got a drink in one hand, hamburger in the other one: "Hey, you know

他們整個是放鬆狀態，一隻手拿著飲料，另一隻手拿著漢堡。「嘿，你知道

what else you can do?" They got all the answers. Right? You know what I'm talking? You know

你還可以怎麼做嗎？」他們知道所有的答案，是吧？你懂我在說什麼吧？你知道

who I'm talking about. There's that one person. And it's worse, they don't sit in the backseat,

我在說誰吧！還有一種人，更糟糕，他們不是坐在後座，

they actually sit beside you and tell you how you should drive, and you just want to

而是坐在你旁邊，告訴你說要怎麼開車，而你只想說：

go: "Okay, take the wheel. Drive. I would like to relax." So a backseat driver always

「好啊，那你來開啊，我也想輕鬆一下。」因此，後座駕駛員總是

has something to say about what you're doing. Usually it's involving a car. It doesn't have

對你正在做的事情有話說。通常是跟開車有關。它不一定是

to be backseat; it can be right beside you, and they've got criticism that they spew...

指在後座的人，也可以指在你旁邊的人，他們講出一堆批評

Spew, throw out like vomit, blah, at you as you drive. So you're like: "I would kill you

就像嘔吐一樣，當你在開車時，一直對著你吐。所以，你想：「我會殺了你，

if I didn't have to drive this car right now. That's right." Okay? And it came from backseat

要不是我現在在開車的話，沒錯。」了解？被稱做「後座駕駛員」

because usually it was the person in the back who didn't have a license who had all the

是因為通常是指坐在後座沒有駕照的人，但卻有一堆的建議

advice. Okay, we're done.

好，解釋到此為止

These are the nouns. Okay? You can even say that about a relationship, even. Like: "You

這些字是名詞，了解？你也可以把它運用在人際關係上，甚至像是：

don't have a girlfriend. Why are you telling me what to do, you backseat driver? Get a

「你沒有女朋友，為何你在告訴我該怎麼做，你是後座駕駛員嗎？

girlfriend, then talk to me." Okay, sorry. It just went there. I went there.

先去交個女友，再來跟我說。」好，不好意思，我扯得太遠了

All right, "disparage", "lambaste", and "denounce." These are synonyms for the verb "criticize".

好的，「輕視；貶低」、「嚴厲斥責」、和「公開指責；譴責」，這些是動詞「批評」的同義字

We talked about what criticize means, okay? So now we're going to talk about the action.

我們已經講過「批評」的意思，是吧？現在，我們要來談行為

"Disparage", many of us native speakers talk about disparaging or lambasting and denounce,

「輕視；貶低」，許多英語母語者講到「輕視；貶低」、「嚴厲斥責」、和「公開指責；譴責」這幾個字時，

and you go: "It's the same. You know, it's the same." Enh - wrong. When you disparage

你會說：「都一樣，它們的意思都一樣。」嗯，錯！當你輕視

someone or something, you give it little value or worth. When someone's disparaging you,

某人或某事時，你認為他們沒什麼價值。當某人輕視你時，

they're saying: "You have little value or worth. Maybe you shouldn't exist. You're valueless."

他們會說：「你沒有什麼價值。也許你根本不該存在。你毫無價值。」

So disparage somebody's work is to say it has little value. It means it means nothing

因此，貶低一個人的工作，等於是說它沒什麼價值。它意味著對任何人來說，

to anyone; it's not important to anyone. Mm, interesting. Put that away. [Laughs]

它什麼都不是，完全都不重要。嗯，挺有趣的，先擱在一旁［笑聲］

"Lambaste". Okay, I like to do things to help me remember, and in this case, you know, if you think about Easter, those little lambs,

「嚴厲斥責」，好，我喜歡做可以幫助我記憶的事，在這種情況下，想到復活節和那些小羊，

They are so cute, innocent and nice. Okay? So you've got the word "lamb". This will help you remember.

他們好可愛、好無辜，而且很溫順，懂嗎？你已得到「羊」這個字。這會幫你記得

Trust me. And "baste", when we baste things in English, we cook it. You know, you cook

相信我。然後「（烤肉等時）往上抹油；痛斥」，當我們用英語說把某物抹油時，我們指的是烤食物。你知道，

it on the oven, and slowly cook it. You totally cook it, so you burn that meat, you eat it,

你將食物放在烤箱，慢慢烤熟。整個完全烤熟的話，便把肉烤焦了，然後你吃掉它，

you kill it. When you lambaste something... I'm sorry. To lambaste something is to attack

便是殺了它。當你嚴厲斥責某事物時。。。不好意思，嚴厲斥責某事物，

it violently. So you're attacking something. Now think of that [baas like a lamb], that

表示猛烈地攻擊它。所以，你在攻擊某事物。現在，想像一下［羊叫聲］，

little innocent lamb being attacked violently over and over. So when you lambaste somebody,

無辜的小羊被一再猛烈的攻擊。所以，當你嚴厲斥責某人時，

you seriously and strongly and severely criticize them. You just go after them and you just

你嚴厲強烈地批評他們。你追趕他們，然後

kill them. So when you think of lambaste, think of the lamb being cooked, that innocent

殺了他們。所以，當你想到「嚴厲斥責某人」一字時，想到小羊被烤熟了，

little lamb going around and around, going: "He-e-e-elp me", and somebody's barbequing

無辜的小羊在烤箱裡，轉啊轉的，叫著「救。。。救命」，而有人正在

the hell right out of it. Okay? That's to lambaste. Severely criticize. It's one thing

用力地烤著牠，了解？那就是「嚴厲斥責」，嚴厲地批評。被人批評是一件事，

if someone criticize you, lambaste is to literally destroy you, violently attack. Whew, got that

被人嚴厲斥責的話，便是在摧毀你，猛烈地攻擊你。呼～

out of my system.

還好我已經沒這個壞習慣了

"Denounce". I love this one. A lot of religions do it and politicians. "We denounce you!"

「公開指責；譴責」，我喜歡這個字。很多宗教和從政者使用這個字。「我們讉責你！」

It means to say publicly you think something is wrong or evil. Okay? See the little devil

表示你公開地認為某事是錯的或邪惡的，懂嗎？看到這個惡魔標誌了嗎？

thing? "It's evil. I denounce you." So if your parents denounce you, that's some serious

「好邪惡，我讉責你。」因此，如果你的父母譴責你，表示事態嚴重　

stuff. Almost better to be lambaste. I don't know. Tough stuff either way, if you ask me.

被嚴厲斥責總是比較好一點。我不知道，兩者都很不好，如果你問我的話

So when we're looking at the verb for "criticize", we can go from "disparage", say you have little

所以，當我們看「批評」的動詞時，可以有「輕視；貶低」，表示你沒有什麼價值；

worth; "lambaste you", attack you violently; or "denounce" you and publically say: "I consider

「嚴厲斥責」，表示猛烈地攻擊你；或是「公開指責；譴責」你，公開地說：

you evil and wrong in all ways." Man, this negative stuff is not good. Okay. No wonder

「我認為你本身很邪惡，整個不對勁。」這負面的詞語真的都不太好。

they thought people were like dogs. Look at the things we come up with.

難怪他們認為人像狗一樣。看看我們創造出來的這些字

Okay, but you know what? Now to go on the side of the angels, aaah. Let's start praising

但你知道嗎？現在我們來看看天使這一邊。讓我們開始來讚美人

people. Funny enough, I couldn't find a lot of words about praise. And I think it has

有趣的是，我找不到很多與讚美有關的字。我認為這是因為

to do with English does have a sort of a history with religion with our language, and it's

英語和宗教的語言的淵源有關係，

okay to criticize because criticizing is what we do for humans. Right? But praising is usually

而且批評是沒關係的，因為批評是身為人類會做的事，對吧？但讚美通常

something we do for the gods above us, so there's not many words for it. In fact, when

是與神明有關，所以沒有很多字可以形容。事實上，

you come over here, you're going to see some of the words for praising aren't really that

注意到這裡，會發現有些讚美的字根本就沒有那麼好，

good if you're a human talking about another human, but that's another story.

如果是一個人在談論另一個人的話，但那又是另一回事了

Let's go to the board. When you praise somebody or something, it's to say that that person

看白板這裡，當你讚美某人或某事物時，意味著某人

of goo-... Is good or institution is good. "McDonald's makes great hamburgers and they

是好的，或者機關是好的。「麥當勞有最棒的漢堡，而且他們

make the best Chicken McNuggets." We're praising their service. We're saying they're good at

有最棒的麥克雞塊。」我們正在讚美他們的服務，正在說他們擅長做什麼

what they do. They're good, which is the opposite is to criticize.

這些是好話，和批評相反

So, what do you call a person who says nice words about the work somebody else does? Why,

因此，那些因為別人有做好事，而稱讚他們的人，該怎麼稱呼他們呢？為何這麼問呢？

boys and girls, I could only find one word that we actually use regularly, and it is

男孩女孩們，我只能找到一個我們經常在使用的字，

the word "flatterer". "To flatter", as a verb-I didn't put it here because I have to explain-is

而那就是「奉承者」。動詞 -「奉承」- 我沒有把它放上來這裡，因為我必須解釋一下 -

to say nice things. The problem is "flatter" is it means to say things you don't really

是指說好話。問題是，「奉承」的意思，是指你說的話沒有誠意

mean. Like you're saying to somebody who is not necessarily or not really beautiful: "You're

就像你對著一位並不漂亮或不怎麼漂亮的人說：

beautiful, and your hair is like, like, like the finest straw, so dry and so, so falling

「你好漂亮，你的頭髮，像是最好的稻草，好乾，都斷掉了

apart. And your legs are like broomsticks, they have no shape and it helps people who

而你的腳像掃帚一樣瘦，完全沒有形狀。。。」

have to", do you understand? You say nice things that aren't really... You don't believe

你懂嗎？你說好聽的話，但它們並不是。。。你並不相信那些話，

them, but you say them. Usually when you want to get a job or a date or you want somebody

但你還是說了。通常當你應徵一份工作，或想要有個約會，或想要某人

to do something, you flatter them and say: "My, James, you look good today." I'm like:

做某事時，你就會去奉承他們，並說：「哇，James，你今天看來很不錯。」我回答：

-"Really? I do?" -"No, I don't think so. Yes you do!" -"Don't flatter me." Remember here?

-「真的嗎？」-「不，我不認為。是的，你看來很不錯!」-「別奉承我。」記得嗎？

Flattery will get you everywhere, because we're all suckers, which means we like to

奉承能讓你通行無阻，因為我們像吸盤一樣，也就是我們喜歡

be told nice things, we want to believe them,

聽好話，想要相信那些好聽的話，

and we'll do nice things to keep hearing nice things.

而且為了能聽到好話，我們會一直做好事

Here's the problem: "flatterer" is supposed to be a good word, but it can be negative

問題來了，「奉承者」應該是好字，但它可以帶有負面意思，

because it means insincere or not real praise. Huh? Sorry, kids, I did my research. There

因為它表示不真誠或不是真心的讚美。啊？不好意思，孩子們，我有做功課

are other words we can use that are similar to "flatterer" that the dictionaries threw

從字典查到，還有其他和「奉承者」類似的字可以使用

out for me. Want to see a couple of them? "Bootlicker", a boot looker-, licker. I'm

想知道是什麼字嗎？「拍馬屁的人」，一個舔靴子的人-

wearing some boots. Is a person who's like [licks boot] you do not lick somebody's boots.

我剛好穿著靴子 - 是指一個人喜歡［舔靴子］，你不舔別人的靴子

If someone is from Saudi Arabia watching right now, they're like: "Oh my Lord!" because this

假如現在有人在沙烏地阿拉伯看到這個的話，他們會說：「天啊!」

is such a bad thing I'm showing the boot. This is bad in many countries. Never show

因為露出腳是件不好的事。在很多國家文化中，露出腳是不好的。絕對不要

your foot to someone. A bootlicker actually [licks] licks these boots. So to be a boot

對別人露出你的腳。一個舔靴子的人［舔靴子］，真的舔這些靴子。因此，

licker is similar to being a flatterer. There's another word I'm not allowed to use, but maybe

當一個拍馬屁的人，就類似當一位奉承者。還有另外一個字我不被允許使用，但也許

I can. You can be a [makes noise] licker. See? I didn't say it, you two people, so you

我可以。你可以當一個舔［ＸＸ］的人，看吧？我沒有說出來，你們兩個人，

can't get upset with me. I didn't say it. Okay?

不能生氣喔！我沒有說，了解？

Another one is a "brown noser". What do I mean by "brown noser"? Imagine this is somebody's

另一個字是「馬屁精」，什麼意思呢？想像這個是某人的

bum, imagine this is your nose. You put your nose inside their bum and go: "You're lovely.

屁股，而這個是你的鼻子。你把鼻子放到他們的屁股裡，然後說：「你好可愛

I just love you. You're the best person in the whole world." That's a brown noser. Do

我愛你。你是世上最棒的人。」那便是「馬屁精」

you know what comes out of people's nose? That's right, they're full of that stuff,

你知道從鼻子出來的東西是什麼嗎？沒錯，就是那些東西，

ladies and gentleman. So this is the closest word I can get to a person who praises someone.

女士先生們。因此，這是我能找到最接近的，形容一個人讚美另一個人的字

There is no such word as a "praiser", or an "applauder", or a "complimenter". They don't

從來沒有「讚美者」，或是「鼓掌者」，或是「恭唯者」這些字。不知為何原因，

exist for some strange reason, but we've got all of these negative words. I love my language.

這些字並不存在，但我們卻有一堆負面的字。英語真奇妙啊!

Next: so why don't we talk about the verbs? We do have some verbs you can use to talk

接下來：我們何不來說說動詞？我們確實有些動詞可以使用來

in a positive way about something. You can "applaud" somebody. Applause is like this,

以積極的方式談論事情。你可以給某人「掌聲」。鼓掌就像是這樣：

clapping. You're like: "You did a great job. We applaud you." It's another way of saying

拍手。你會說：「做得好！我們為你鼓掌。」算是另一種表達

"approve". Not even "praise", we approve. We say: "What you did was okay." "Compliment",

「讚許」的意思。不算是「讚美」，只是讚許而已。我們說：「做得好。」「誇獎；表揚」，

we can compliment you. And we can "congratulate" you. -"Way to go, Johnny!" -"Thanks, Bob!"

我們可以誇獎你。而且我們可以「恭喜」你。－「Johnny，這麼做就對了！」－「Bob，謝謝！」

We can do all of these verbs to praise you, but it's not the same as praise because praise

我們可以用這些動詞來讚美你，但它們和讚美又不盡相同，因為讚美

is like speaking up and saying: "Oh, you're wonderful and godlike." Okay?