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  • "The Mona Lisa"... "The Pieta"... "The Girl with a Pearl Earring."

    達文西的〈蒙娜麗莎〉、米開朗基羅的〈聖殤〉,以及維梅爾〈戴著耳環的少女〉

  • For a score of centuries, artists enriched Western society with their works of astonishing beauty.

    好幾世紀以來,為數眾多的藝術家用令人驚豔的畫作豐富了西方世界。

  • "The Night Watch"...

    林布蘭的〈夜巡〉。

  • "The Thinker"...

    羅丹的〈沉思者〉。

  • "The Rocky Mountains."

    比爾施塔特(德裔畫家)的〈洛磯山脈〉。

  • Master after master, from Leonardo, to Rembrandt, to Bierstadt, produced works that inspired, uplifted, and deepened us.

    從達文西、林布蘭到比爾史塔特,藝術巨匠前仆後繼,創作出許多啟迪民智、鼓舞人心並教化社會的作品。

  • And they did this by demanding of themselves the highest standards of excellence,

    他們用追求卓越的最高標準要求自己,

  • improving upon the work of each previous generation of masters, and continuing to aspire to the highest quality attainable.

    在前輩大師的作品上精益求精,並且朝向窮一己之力能達的境界勇往直前。

  • But something happened on the way to the 20th Century.

    但在進入 20 世紀之際,有件大事發生了。

  • The profound, the inspiring and the beautiful were replaced by the new, the different, and the ugly.

    那些意味深遠、鼓舞人心以及美麗的標準,被新奇古怪、與眾不同以及毫無美感可言的標準取代。

  • Today the silly, the pointless, and the purely offensive are held up as the best of modern art.

    如今,那些庸碌差勁、漫無目的且以及充滿惡意的作品被視為最出色的當代藝術。

  • Michelangelo carved his "David" out of a rock.

    米開朗基羅用石頭雕刻出大衛像。

  • The Los Angeles County Museum of Art just offers us a rock, -- a rock -- all 340 tons of it.

    洛杉磯郡藝術博物館則直接展出一塊大石頭。一塊石頭!一塊整整 340 噸的石頭!

  • That's how far standards have fallen.

    這就是今昔標準的落差。

  • How did this happen?

    這一切是怎麼發生的?

  • How did the thousand-year ascent towards artistic perfection and excellence die out?

    這千年來對至臻完美藝術的追求是如何消亡的?

  • It didn't. It was pushed out.

    它不是自己消失殆盡;而是人類對它趕盡殺絕。

  • Beginning in the late 19th century, a group dubbed "The Impressionists"

    19 世紀末,有一群名叫印象派的笨蛋

  • rebelled against the French Academie des Beaux Arts and its demand for classical standards.

    群起反對法蘭西藝術院及其對古典藝術的審美標準。

  • Whatever their intentions, the new modernists sowed the seeds of aesthetic relativism --

    不論他們目的為何,現代主義者們的確為美學相對論播下種子,

  • the "beauty is in the eye of the beholder" mentality.

    也就是所謂「情人眼裡出西施」的心態。

  • Today everybody loves the Impressionists.

    如今,印象派畫家深受大眾喜愛。

  • And, as with most revolutions, the first generation or so produced work of genuine merit.

    而且,與大多數的革命相仿,印象派初期的確創作出優秀的作品。

  • Monet, Renoir, and Degas still maintained elements of disciplined design and execution,

    莫內、雷諾瓦及竇加等人仍保有縝密設計與高超技巧等美學元素;

  • but with each new generation, standards declined until there were no standards.

    但隨著世代更迭,標準每況愈下,直至不復存在。

  • All that was left was personal expression.

    僅存的只有個人的主觀意見而已。

  • The great art historian Jakob Rosenberg wrote that

    偉大的藝術史家 Jakob Rosenberg 曾經寫道,

  • quality in art "is not merely a matter of personal opinion but to a high degree . . . objectively traceable."

    藝術的品質「並不只是個人的意見,而是更高層次......以及客觀的可追溯性。」

  • But the idea of a universal standard of quality in art is now usually met with strong resistance if not open ridicule.

    如今,「藝術品的普世標準」此一概念,不是遭受明嘲暗諷,就是被強烈抵制。

  • "How can art be objectively measured?" I'm challenged.

    「藝術怎麼能被客觀衡量呢?」有人這樣質疑我。

  • In responding, I simply point to the artistic results produced by universal standards compared to what is produced by relativism.

    作為回應,我將簡單地比較普世審美標準與美學相對論分別產生的藝術成果。

  • The former gave the world "The Birth of Venus" and "The Dying Gaul,"

    前者為世界帶來〈維納斯的誕生〉與〈垂死的高盧人〉,

  • while the latter has given us "The Holy Virgin Mary," fashioned with cow dung and pornographic images,

    而後者給了我們一幅充斥著牛糞與色情象徵的 "The Holy Virgin Mary",

  • and "Petra," the prize-winning sculpture of a policewoman squatting and urinating -- complete with a puddle of synthetic urine.

    以及 "Petra",一個得獎的女警雕像,描繪她蹲下排尿,一旁還附上一盆合成尿液。

  • Without aesthetic standards, we have no way to determine quality or inferiority.

    如果沒有審美標準,我們將無從判斷藝術品的優劣。

  • Here's a test I give my graduate students, all talented and well educated.

    接著是我給我的研究生的測驗,他們都有天分並受過良好教育。

  • Please analyze this Jackson Pollock painting and explain why it is good.

    請分析這幅 Jackson Pollock (抽象主義畫家)的畫作,並說明它為何出色。

  • It is only after they give very eloquent answers

    在他們都給了強而有力的論述後,

  • that I inform them that the painting is actually a close up of my studio apron.

    我才告訴他們,這幅所謂的畫作,其實只是我畫室圍裙的特寫而已。

  • I don't blame them; I would probably have done the same since it's nearly impossible to differentiate between the two.

    我並不苛責他們。我可能和他們做出類似的判斷,因為這兩者之間差異極小,幾乎無法分辨。

  • "And who will determine quality?" is another challenge I'm given.

    「那該由誰來決定藝術品的品質呢?」這是我受到的另一個質疑。

  • If we are to be intellectually honest, we all know of situations where professional expertise is acknowledged and depended upon.

    老實說,我們都知道在某些情況下,專業知識仍是被認可而且被依賴的標準。

  • Take figure skating in the Olympics, where artistic excellence is judged by experts in the field.

    以奧運中的花式溜冰為例,競賽中的藝術優劣是由該領域的專家負責評斷。

  • Surely we would flinch at the contestant who indiscriminately threw himself across the ice

    對於一個隨意躺平在冰上,並且要求評審

  • and demanded that his routine be accepted as being as worthy of value as that of the most disciplined skater.

    自己一成不變的動作應該與那些優異選手的表現相提並論的參賽者,我們無疑會渾身冒冷汗。

  • Not only has the quality of art diminished, but also the subject matter has gone from the transcendent to the trashy.

    藝術的品質不但消失殆盡,連藝術品的主體,也從那些卓越的物事降級成為無用的東西。

  • Where once artists applied their talents to scenes of substance and integrity from history, literature, religion, mythology, etc.,

    藝術家們曾在歷史、文學、宗教或神話等領域上盡情施展才華,

  • many of today's artists merely use their art to make statements, often for nothing more than shock value.

    如今,當代許多藝術家們只是用他們的作品發聲,而那充其量只有驚世駭俗的價值。

  • Artists of the past also made statements at times,

    以往藝術家們有時也會藉作品表達立場,

  • but never at the expense of the visual excellence of their work.

    但他們從不會犧牲作品的視覺卓越性。

  • It's not only artists who are at fault; it is equally the fault of the so-called art community:

    有過錯的並不只是這些藝術家,所謂的「藝術社群」-

  • the museum heads, gallery owners, and the critics who encourage and financially enable the production of this rubbish.

    也就是那些鼓勵並金援這些「垃圾」的美術館的決策者、畫廊的擁有者,以及藝術評論家們,都難辭其咎。

  • It is they who champion graffiti and call it genius, promote the scatological and call it meaningful.

    是這些人擁護塗鴉並稱之為傑作;是這些人提倡這些不入流的東西,並謂其意義非凡。

  • It is they who, in reality, are the naked emperors of art,

    這些人是藝術界真人版的「國王的新衣」,

  • for who else would spend $10 million dollars on a rock and think it is art.

    除了他們,誰還會花上 1000 萬去買顆石頭,還認為它是藝術呢?

  • But why do we have to be victims of all this bad taste? We don't.

    但為什麼我們一定要成為拙劣藝術品味的受害者?大可不必。

  • By the art we patronize at museums or purchase at galleries, we can make our opinions not only known but felt.

    藉由贊助美術館或購買畫廊的作品,我們可以讓我們的意見不但被看見,還能令人感同身受。

  • An art gallery, after all, is a business like any other.

    經營畫廊畢竟是門生意,和其他商業行為沒什麼兩樣。

  • If the product doesn't sell, it won't be made.

    如果產品賣不好,就會停產。

  • We can also support organizations like The Art Renewal Center that work to restore objective standards to the art world.

    我們也可以支持像 The Art Renewal Center 這樣致力於復興客觀審美標準的組織。

  • And we can advocate the teaching of classical art appreciation in our schools.

    同時我們也可以提倡在學校進行古典藝術鑑賞的教學。

  • Let's celebrate what we know is good and ignore what we know is not.

    讓我們來歌頌那些非凡的作品,並且忽略那些我們深不以為然的。

  • By the way, the white background you see behind me is not simply a white graphic backdrop.

    順道一提,你們看見我身後的白色背景不僅僅是一個白色的帷幕。

  • It is a pure white painting by noted artist Robert Rauschenberg at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.

    它是舊金山當代美術館的館藏,出自知名畫家 Robert Rauschenberg 的一幅純白的畫作。

  • I'm Robert Florczak for Prager University.

    我是 Prager University 的 Robert Florczak。

"The Mona Lisa"... "The Pieta"... "The Girl with a Pearl Earring."

達文西的〈蒙娜麗莎〉、米開朗基羅的〈聖殤〉,以及維梅爾〈戴著耳環的少女〉

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