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  • Three reasons why we should stop using nuclear energy.

    3個"為什麼我們要停止使用核能"的理由

  • One: nuclear weapons proliferation.

    1. 核子武器擴散

  • Nuclear technology made a violent entrance onto the world stage:

    核能技術以一種暴力式的方式登上世界舞台。

  • just one year after the world’s first ever nuclear test explosion in 1944,

    在1944年世界第一次核彈試爆後,短短一年後

  • two large cities were destroyed by just two single bombs.

    兩個大型城市被僅僅兩顆核彈摧毀。

  • After that, reactor technology slowly evolved

    之後,反應爐技術慢慢地發展成一種產生電力的方法

  • as a means of generating electricity,

    成為一種產生電力的方法

  • but it’s always been intimately connected with nuclear weapons technology.

    但它仍緊密地連結到核武科技

  • It’s nearly impossible to develop nuclear weapons

    要發展核武

  • without access to reactor technology.

    幾乎不可能缺少使用反應爐技術

  • In fact, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty serves the purpose of

    事實上,不擴散核武器條約對於散播核能反應爐技術

  • spreading nuclear reactor technology without spreading nuclear weapons

    而不擴散核武的成功

  • with limited success.

    只是有限地

  • In 40 years, five countries have developed their own weapons

    四十年內,五個國家發展了核武技術

  • with the help of reactor technology.

    其得益於反應爐技術

  • The fact of the matter is that it can be very hard to distinguish

    實際上從一個和平用途的核能發電中

  • a covert nuclear weapons program from the peaceful use of nuclear energy.

    分辨出一個隱蔽的核武計畫是非常困難的

  • In the 1970s, the big nuclear powers were happily selling peaceful technology

    在1970年代,大型核能勢力非常開心地販售和平用途技術

  • to smaller countries, which then developed weapons of their own.

    給小型國家,但該技術卻在之後被那些國家用來自主發展核武

  • The road to deadly nuclear weapons is always paved with peaceful reactors.

    通往死亡核武的道路都是由和平的核反應爐所鋪設

  • Two: nuclear waste and pollution.

    2.核廢料與汙染

  • Spent nuclear fuel is not only radioactive, but also contains

    用過核燃料不只有放射性

  • extremely poisonous chemical elements like plutonium.

    也包含了極具化學毒性的物質,如:鈽

  • It loses its harmfulness only slowly over several tens of thousands of years.

    它的傷害唯有經過數萬年緩慢地衰減

  • And there is also a process called reprocessing, which means

    有個程序叫做再處理

  • the extraction of plutonium from spent nuclear fuel.

    顧名思義,從用過核燃料中提煉鈽

  • It can be used for two purposes:

    它可用在兩個地方

  • to build nuclear weapons or to use it as new fuel.

    核武或是新的核燃料

  • But hardly any of it is used as fuel, because we don’t have

    但因為我們沒有適當的反應爐使用再處理過的核燃料

  • the right kind of reactors for that.

    所以它是難以被使用的

  • A milligram will kill you; a few kilograms make an atomic bomb; and even

    一微克可以要你的命;幾公斤可以製造一個核彈

  • an inconspicuous country like Germany literally has tons of the stuff

    而即使是不顯眼的國家,如德國,也有數噸的鈽散布於國內

  • just lying around, because reprocessing sounded like a good idea decades ago.

    因為數十年前再處理似乎是個好主意。

  • And where will all the waste go?

    而核廢料最後都去哪了呢?

  • After dumping it into the ocean was forbidden, weve tried to bury it

    在海拋被禁止後,我們嘗試掩埋它

  • but we can’t find a place where it will definitely stay secure

    但我們無法找到一個可以肯定地維持數萬年安全的地方

  • for tens of thousands of years.

    在這幾十年之間

  • Over 30 countries operate nearly 400 reactors, managing

    超過三十個國家、400部以上核反應爐

  • several hundred thousands of tons of nuclear waste

    產生數十萬噸的核廢料

  • and only one is currently serious about opening

    而只有一個國家現在認真地設立

  • a permanent civilian waste storage: tiny Finland.

    一個永久核廢料貯存場,就是芬蘭這個小國

  • Three: accidents and disasters.

    3.意外與災害

  • Over 60 years of nuclear power usage, there have been seven major accidents

    60年以上的核能史上

  • in reactors or facilities dealing with nuclear waste.

    核反應爐或核廢料處理設施曾經有7次主要的意外

  • Three of those were mostly contained, but four of them released significant

    其中有三件被控制住

  • amounts of radioactivity into the environment.

    但有四件意外釋放出可觀的放射性物質到周遭環境

  • In 1957, 1987, and 2011, large areas of land in Russia, Ukraine, and Japan

    在1957、1987、2001,俄羅斯、烏克蘭、日本

  • were rendered unfit for human habitation for decades to come.

    大片土地因此在未來數十年內不適合人類居住

  • The number of deaths is highly disputed, but probably lies in the thousands.

    雖然死亡人數各方仍爭執不休,但在數千人左右

  • These disasters happened with nuclear reactors of very different types,

    這些災害發生在各種不同的核反應爐

  • in very different countries, and several decades apart.

    各個不同的國家、各自不同的時間

  • Looking at the numbers, we may as well ask ourselves,

    看著這些數字,我們可能可以這樣問我們自己

  • Are 10% of the world’s energy supply

    為了這十幾%全球能源供應,

  • worth a devastating disaster every 30 years?

    是否值得用每三十年一次毀滅性災難來換?

  • Would 30% be worth another Fukushima or Chernobyl

    30~40%的能源供應是否值得

  • somewhere on Earth every 10 years?

    每十年地球上就有一處新的福島或車諾比?

  • What area would have to be contaminated so we sayno more’?

    什麼地方要被封鎖我們才會說:不要再更多了?

  • Where is the line?”

    底線在哪裡?

  • So, should we use nuclear energy?

    所以,我們應該使用核能嗎?

  • The risks may outweigh the benefits, and maybe we should

    風險可能超過它的好處,所以為了我們好

  • stop looking into this direction and drop this technology for good.

    也許我們應該停止在這個方向上追尋,並且放棄這項技術。

  • If you want to hear the other side of the argument

    如果你想聽這個議題上另外一邊的看法

  • or a short introduction to nuclear energy, click here.

    或是核能簡短的介紹,請點這邊。

  • Our channel has a new sponsor: Audible.com.

    我們頻道有一個新的贊助商:Audible.com

  • If you use the URL <http://audible.com/nutshell>,

    如果你使用這URL &lt;http://audible.com/nutshell&gt;

  • you can get a free audiobook and support our channel.

    你可以免費獲得一個有聲書,還有支持我們的頻道

  • Producing our videos takes a lot of time,

    製作這些影片花了我們許多時間

  • and we fill a lot of it by listening to audiobooks.

    還有我們完成許多部份,就是藉由聽著有聲書

  • For a really entertaining book, we recommend

    所以我們推薦一本很有趣的有聲書

  • Into Thin Airby Jon Krakauer.

    Jon Krakauer所寫的&quot;Into Thin Air&quot;

  • He’s a great writer, and the story is really absorbing and true.

    他是一位很棒的作家,其中的故事也很吸引人並真實

  • Go to <http://audible.com/nutshell> to get the book for free.

    請到 &lt;http://audible.com/nutshell&gt; 去免費獲得此書

  • Thanks a lot to Audible for supporting our channel

    非常感謝 Audible 支持我們頻道

  • and to you for watching!

    還有謝謝你的收看

  • Subtitles by the Amara.org community

    字幕是由Amara.org 所提供

Three reasons why we should stop using nuclear energy.

3個&quot;為什麼我們要停止使用核能&quot;的理由

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