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  • Generics refer to the usage of type parameters, which provide a way to design code templates

  • that can operate with different data types. Specifically, we can create generic methods,

  • classes, interfaces, delegates, and events.

  • First, let’s look at generic methods. In this example we have a method that swaps two

  • integer arguments. To make this into a generic method that can work with any type we first

  • need to add a type parameter after the method’s name enclosed between angle brackets (<>).

  • The naming convention for type parameters is that they should to start with a capital

  • T and then have each word that describes the parameter initially capitalized. In cases

  • such as this however, where a descriptive name would not add much value, its common

  • to simply name the parameter with a capital T. Either way, this type parameter can now

  • be used as any other type inside the method and so the second thing we need to do to complete

  • the generic method is to replace the data type that we want to be made generic with

  • our type parameter.

  • The generic method is now finished. To call it we need to specify the desired type parameter

  • in angle brackets before the method parameters. In this case, we may also call the generic

  • method as if it was a regular method without specifying the type parameter. This is because

  • the compiler can automatically determine the type since the generic method's arguments

  • uses the type parameter. However, if this was not the case, or if we want to use another

  • type parameter than the one the compiler would select, we would then need to explicitly specify

  • it.

  • Whenever a generic is called for the first time during run-time a specialized version

  • of the generic will be instantiated that has every occurrence of the type parameter substituted

  • with the specified type. And it is this generated method that will be called from this line.

  • Calling the generic method again with the same type parameter will reuse this instantiated

  • method. And calling the generic with a new type parameter will cause another specialized

  • method to also be instantiated.

  • A generic can be defined to accept more than one type parameter just by adding more of

  • them between the angle brackets. Generic methods can also be overloaded based on the number

  • of type parameters that they define.

  • When using generics one issue that may arise is how to assign a default value to a type

  • parameter since this value depends on the type. The solution is to use the default keyword

  • followed by the type parameter enclosed in parenthesis. This expression will return the

  • default value no matter which type parameter is used.

Generics refer to the usage of type parameters, which provide a way to design code templates

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B2 中高級

C#教程 - 29 - 通用類 I (C# Tutorial - 29 - Generics I)

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    朱瑛 發佈於 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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