Placeholder Image

字幕列表 影片播放

  • CAMERAS WHIR

  • Over the past 14 years, JK Rowling's Harry Potter novels

  • have sold almost 450 million copies,

  • transforming her from struggling writer into the most successful author in the world.

  • But Jo has been unable to share her success with one of the people she cared about most.

  • Mum died when I had just started writing Harry Potter.

  • It's a real regret actually that I never even mentioned it to her,

  • that she died without knowing anything about something so huge.

  • She knew I had literary ambitions

  • but she never knew that I'd had the idea of my life to date.

  • My mother's maiden name was Anne Volant,

  • she was a quarter French and she was very interested in her French roots

  • but never had a chance to explore them.

  • So the huge motivation in looking into my family history is my mother.

  • It's very much bound up in, in that loss.

  • Jo Rowling lives and works in Scotland

  • but can trace her French roots back three generations.

  • My mother's father's father, Louis Volant married an English woman

  • and I know the marriage failed.

  • I know something about his war record.

  • He was very brave in the First World War.

  • I don't know all the details but he was awarded the Legion d'honneur.

  • In 2009, Jo herself won the Legion d'honneur,

  • France's highest honour, for her services to world literature.

  • I made my speech in French and it was an opportunity to speak about Louis.

  • It was one of the most meaningful awards that I've ever received, because of that family connection.

  • But I don't really know where he came from,

  • I don't know what kind of family he came from

  • and I don't know anything at all about the generations behind him.

  • Jo has decided to start her search into Louis Volant

  • and her French roots in the Scottish capital.

  • I'm going into Edinburgh to see my Aunty Marian,

  • who's staying with friends here and she's my mum's big sister,

  • and she's the last link to the French family.

  • She was born a Volant, that's her maiden name.

  • DOORBELL RINGS

  • - Hello, my darling! - How are you?

  • Lovely to see you.

  • Marian Fox is Jo's maternal aunt, and the daughter of Stanley Volant,

  • the youngest of four children born to Jo's great grandfather,

  • Louis Volant and his wife, Lizzie.

  • Marian has brought the family's collection of letters and photos to show Jo.

  • - I'm very excited. - This is the famous wedding album.

  • So this is your wedding to Les.

  • My wedding to Les, me with my 18-inch waist.

  • Your 18-inch waist. Tiny.

  • - There's Mum. - Ahh.

  • We had that dress for dressing up, it was pale blue.

  • - That's right, yeah. - Ahh.

  • This is Lizzie, your great grandmother.

  • - She was lovely. - Was she?

  • - She taught me my prayers, cuddled me, she was a natural grandma. - Ahh.

  • She was really gorgeous.

  • So Lizzie married Louis.

  • Have you found Louis at all?

  • Yes, there's some here.

  • I have a photo.

  • - Oh, I've never seen that before. - He's handsome, isn't he? He's gorgeous, isn't he?

  • This is Louis' good conduct certificate.

  • Right. This is from National Service, is it?

  • - Yes, and look at this, Jo. - Ah.

  • - Was he born on your birthday? - He was born on 31st July.

  • Exactly the same day, yeah.

  • Oh, my God.

  • How bizarre. Same date as me and Harry Potter.

  • That's right.

  • And he was born in Paris in the 10th arrondissement. Wow.

  • I think this is a photo of his mother.

  • - Oh, my goodness. - And her name, would you believe is Salome Schuch. - So... - Very strong-featured lady.

  • What do you know about her?

  • - Very little. Just that she grew up in the countryside in France. - Right.

  • So when did Louis arrive in England

  • and why did he come to England?

  • We know he came over in the 1890s

  • and he worked over here as a waiter

  • in places like the Savoy.

  • Classy joints.

  • Oh, classy joints, classy joints.

  • And that's where he met Lizzie

  • - who was working as a nursery maid for a family off Marble Arch. - Oh, wow.

  • Have a look at these.

  • They're all letters that Louis wrote Lizzie, over the years,

  • right from when they first met.

  • - Oh, wow. - They made me cry, they are so lovely.

  • - "Dearest Lizzie." - Everything is, my dearest Lizzie.

  • This was written about 1896.

  • - Right. - And he was having to go back to Paris to do his National Service.

  • "Now, darling, just have a little more patience.

  • "I think this shall be one of the last letters I am writing to you,

  • "so with all my fondest love and kisses to my dearest Lizzie, from your own forever Louis.

  • "PS Write soon, Liz, time will fly now. Ta-ta, my love."

  • Oh, it's lovely, isn't it? It's so sweet.

  • And that is Lizzie and Louis' wedding photo.

  • - Well, you can see what they saw in each other. - Oh, yes, yeah.

  • She was 25, he was 22. So he was very young, wasn't he?

  • Very young.

  • Now this one is the first family baby photo taken,

  • when Marcel was born, in 1901 I think it was.

  • Right. It's actually very touching

  • - cos you know the marriage didn't work out. - That's right, yeah.

  • So when did Louis leave the family?

  • I don't know. It was always a bit of mystery.

  • Louis had gone back to France for some reason or other

  • and Lizzie wouldn't go over and join him,

  • - she wouldn't pack up and go to French. - Right. - So they split.

  • - After that we haven't got any family photos. - Yeah.

  • - We've got this, from the First World War. - Oh, my goodness. - Yeah, this is... - His identity card.

  • Wow. Wasn't there a photograph of him wearing his Legion d'honneur?

  • - No, this was the only thing from his effects that we found. - Oh.

  • The button ball badge of the Legion of Honour, but not the medal.

  • Isn't that wonderful?

  • Gosh.

  • I would love to know what the citation was for him being awarded that medal,

  • because I feel he did something very brave and sadly we don't know what it was.

  • - And I'm proud of him. - Yeah, me too.

  • Wow.

  • And where is he buried?

  • - I don't know where he's buried. - We don't know?

  • I don't know anything else cos there was no funeral service anybody attended that I heard of.

  • And there's nobody to ask any more.

  • - I'll put these back, Jo. - OK. - I want you to take them with you. - Ah.

  • - Look after Louis and Lizzie for me. - I will really. Thank you so much.

  • - I'll look after them. - Thank you.

  • I feel this weird pull towards Louis.

  • He left France to go to London,

  • a massive city

  • that's also a foreign city, so he's an immigrant.

  • That's very gutsy.

  • And then I found the letters so moving,

  • this very young man writing to his English girlfriend.

  • And Marian's told me he was a waiter and he worked at the Savoy

  • so I'm going to London.

  • Jo's great grandfather, Louis Volant, arrived in London in the 1890s

  • and worked in the city as a waiter both before and after the First World War.

  • Jo has come to the famous Savoy Hotel on the Strand

  • where Louis worked in the 1920s.

  • She's come to meet social historian Constance Bantman,

  • who's been researching Louis' life in London.

  • - So we are here. - Yes. - At the River Restaurant. - Yes. - At the Savoy,

  • which is where Louis worked between 1919 and 1927

  • and this is the restaurant in action.

  • Wow, I love this, it's so 1920s, it's so glamorous.

  • It was one of the best, if not THE best restaurant in the whole world.

  • - Wow. - And Louis was head wine waiter. - He was head wine waiter? - Yes. - Oh, Louis!

  • And he actually got an award for it, a French award,

  • called Chevalier du Merite Agricole.

  • - You're joking? - No, not at all. It's a very prestigious distinction.

  • - And this was given to him in 1922. - And here's his title in French.

  • "Chef du service des vins au Savoy Hotel."

  • Fair play to him, for a working class Frenchman who's come to London,

  • - he's certainly risen in his profession. - Absolutely.

  • We are extremely lucky in that the Savoy keep an archive of their former employees

  • and this is his card.

  • Oh, my goodness. Louis' card.

  • And the card contains previous employment history.

  • Louis' employment card reveals that to get to the Savoy

  • he had worked his way up

  • through the ranks of his professional since his arrival in London in the 1890s.

  • Political instability in France and cheaper cross channel transport

  • encouraged many young French men and women to seek work in the English capital.

  • By the turn of the century, there were tens of thousands of poor French immigrants

  • crammed into a part of Soho known as La Petite France.

  • Many sought work in the city's flourishing restaurants.

  • Louis' card records that he was taken on as a junior waiter

  • by the fashionable Princes' Restaurant in 1899.

  • This is the Princes' Restaurant. You can see very, very rich, very opulent surroundings.

  • Wow. Where is this?

  • - This is just off Piccadilly. - Oh, really?

  • It was a very nice place run by French people.

  • Would he have made more money here than he would have done in Paris?

  • Yes, here a French waiter had this immense cache.

  • - So these places were looking for Frenchmen. - Exactly.

  • The Princes' Restaurant was catering to the theatre crowd so it closed

  • at impossible hours and this would have been a demanding job.

  • Yeah. I've got this letter and this is from,

  • it's headed the Princes' Restaurant.

  • He's writing to his wife, Lizzie,

  • she's gone back to her parents' house in Norfolk

  • and he says, "You asked me to try and come over next Sunday, indeed I believe you struck it unlucky

  • "for we have a dinner of 60 Frenchmen and they have got a licence,

  • "so it's no use thinking about it for a moment."

  • - Oh. - So he couldn't see his wife, because he had to work late.

  • Yes. And that's obviously one of the striking features,

  • - it was a hard life. - Yeah.

  • Louis would have been working until two or three, six days a week.

  • Oh, my goodness, right.

  • Yes, very, very difficult lifestyle

  • and he earned probably about 40 shillings a month,

  • which works out to be about £80 in contemporary terms.

  • And by the time that letter was written, he was supporting a wife and child on that as well.

  • Exactly, and we can imagine the strain.

  • There was not much time for married life.

  • - If we look at the following census in 1911. - 1911. - You see there.

  • So we've got, Lizzie is listed first as wife

  • and then that's been crossed out and put head, as in head of the family.

  • So the marriage had already broken up in 1911.

  • And Stanley, my grandfather, was only one.

  • Oh, that makes me feel really tearful.

  • And so he'd gone.

  • And here he is. Louis Volant.

  • He's 33, he's still married but they've separated.

  • He's now living in 6 Upper James Street in one room. That's so sad.

  • I find what he did, coming across from France as a very young man

  • and then working his way up to pretty much the head of his profession,

  • admirable, just so admirable.

  • But when I saw the census where they were living apart,

  • I felt like it was happening now

  • and I think the most poignant moment of all

  • was her writing in "I'm a wife" and someone else crossing that out,

  • no, you are now the head of the family.

  • And then shortly after that, 1914, Louis was off to war.

  • Three years after the break-up of his marriage,

  • and 20 years after his arrival in England,

  • Louis Volant was called up to serve in the French Army

  • at the outbreak of World War One.

  • I know that he received the Legion d'honneur

  • for his actions in the First World War,

  • but I don't really know what happened to him.

  • Jo has decided to travel to Paris

  • to discover how her great grandfather became a war hero.

  • Among the letters Marian gave her are some that Louis wrote

  • to his estranged family during the war.

  • "Dear Lizzie and children, hope you're all getting on well.

  • "No change here for me, still it's all a case of luck.

  • "Love and kisses to all,

  • "from Papa. 1915."

  • Which makes him 37 which is quite, quite old to be going off to war.

  • Actually in that photograph I think he looks older than 37.

  • It says he was an interpreter and there's various stamps

  • but really nothing else really tells me much more about him or what he got up to.

  • To see if she can find out why her great grandfather was awarded

  • the Legion d'honneur, Jo has come to the national archives in Paris.

  • The archives were established in 1808

  • and store the most important documents of the French state,

  • including a record of every recipient of the Legion d'honneur,

  • France's highest decoration.

  • Claire Bechu is the deputy director of the archives.

  • This is incredible.

  • It's actually the Hogwarts Library, to me.

  • This is the dossier de Legion d'honneur.

  • - Yes. - Of Louis Volant.

  • You have inside some documents, this one is handwritten by Volant.

  • Louis himself wrote that?

  • Yes.

  • Reading in this letter,

  • we see he has been injured.

  • Injured at the Fort of...

  • - Fort de Vaux near Verdun. - ..in the night of the 5th June.

  • He takes grenades to the Fort.

  • Oh, OK, so he was bringing them armaments.

  • He was bringing grenades to the Fort.

  • - On the other side they mentioned the injuries. - Oh, my goodness.

  • He lost half of the sight in his right eye.

  • - Right, and he's lost also seven teeth. - Oh, my goodness me.

  • "Perte du membre."

  • - Is that the loss of a limb? - Yes.

  • So hugely disabled.

  • Well, on the cover you have birth date,

  • 16 Juillet, 1878, the place,

  • Ordonnaz.

  • Right. OK.

  • I don't think this is my great grandfather.

  • Why?

  • Because...

  • there are a lot of discrepancies here.

  • My great grandfather was Louis Volant, it's the same name,

  • but he was born... at a different time.

  • The date's different. You see, here it's 31st July.

  • This gives a different date of birth. 16th July.

  • 16th July, 1878.

  • Ah, gosh.

  • Is there a possibility there's another file for a Louis Volant,

  • or is this the only one that you..?

  • - In our databases... - This is the only one. - ..it's the only one.

  • This is not my Louis.

  • This is, this is, this is a phenomenally brave man,

  • but, you know, even when you put this in front of me

  • I thought that's not his handwriting

  • because I have countless examples of his handwriting

  • that the family have kept and that's a different hand.

  • It's very different. So yes.

  • It's really inspiring to hear what this man did but this is not my great grandfather.

  • This is not my great grandfather!

  • Wow!

  • I have discovered the man who won the Legion d'honneur

  • was not the same man as my great grandfather,

  • so this family story,

  • where did this come from?

  • Was there at some point a deliberate deception,

  • or is there, was an innocent mistake made

  • at some point with someone looking through records,

  • and I still don't know what really happened in Louis' war.

  • I know what happened in another Louis' war, a very, very brave Louis,

  • but I don't really know what happened in my Louis' war. So I want to keep looking, I want to find out.

  • It's a strange feeling because I do keep thinking about my mum.

  • I think she would have been fascinated by this, just fascinated.

  • I think she would have even been fascinated to know it wasn't true,

  • the story she believed wasn't true. She would have so wanted to know.

  • The Chateau de Vincennes is a 14th century fortress on the outskirts of Paris,

  • which holds all the historical records of the French armed forces,

  • stretching back over 400 years.

  • Jo has arranged to meet military historian Captain Ivan Cadeau

  • to find out what really happened to her great grandfather during the First World War.

  • - Hello. - Hello. - You're Ivan?

  • - Yes, I'm Captain Cadeau, nice to meet you. - Hello, Captain Cadeau.

  • ENTRY SYSTEM BEEPS

  • DOOR LOCKING SYSTEM BUZZES

  • Thank you very much, thank you.

  • - My great grandfather was a man called Louis Volant. - Mmm-hmm.

  • And I was told that he received the Legion d'honneur

  • - and my aunt gave me this. - Mmm-hmm.

  • Now, she seemed to think that this confirmed

  • the story of the Legion d'honneur.

  • I wasn't sure because I have been given the Legion d'honneur and I have nothing like this.

  • I know this sort of award. It is the Society of Trade Union award.

  • So it's a trade union badge.

  • Yes. That's not a military award.

  • - All right. That makes... - I'm sorry. - No.

  • It makes perfect sense, that makes perfect sense.

  • This is definitely my great grandfather.

  • OK, look at the number.

  • - 7... - 782... 782... Uh huh. - And look at this.

  • - 782. - You've got him.

  • - This is your great grandfather. - 31st July. - OK. - My birthday, you see.

  • Louis Volant was in the 16th Territorial Regiment

  • and territorials were soldier aged between 35 and 40 years.

  • - Their jobs was absolutely not to fight, OK? - Right, OK, yeah.

  • - But to guard highways, roads or bridges. - Right, I understand.

  • - They had only 15 days' training. - 15 days. - So very, very few.

  • We know that your great grandfather

  • - was in this very small village called Courcelles-le-Comte. - Yes.

  • - In October, 1914... - Yeah. - ..there was a great battle there.

  • At the outbreak of World War One,

  • the German Army launched a surprise attack on France through Belgium.

  • Their aim was to capture Paris and claim a swift victory.

  • They were stopped at the Marne river, only 30 miles from the capital,

  • at the cost of 250,000 French casualties.

  • The Germans were pushed back to the northeast,

  • but on 3rd October 1914 they attempted to outflank the French

  • through the village of Courcelles-le-Comte.

  • The village was guarded by the 16th Territorial Regiment,

  • which had never been intended for front-line action.

  • Amongst its unprepared soldiers was 37-year-old Corporal Louis Volant.

  • This is the regimental diary of the 16th Territorial Infantry.

  • 4.30am the German infantry attack begins and at the same time

  • the outskirts of the village are bombed with melanite shell.

  • - What's melanite? - That's powder. - It's powder. - Powder.

  • What did the Territorial Army have to fight with?

  • The territorial soldiers didn't have any artillery.

  • - They've just got rifles? - Yes.

  • Against these shells. Oh, my God.

  • At 9am the cannon fire becomes more intense and it's no longer possible to leave the trenches.

  • This is so ominous, this is horrible.

  • The opposing infantry has advanced quickly and are approaching the outskirts.

  • During this action, Major Denoux is shot through the neck

  • and Captain Goubet is injured by a piece of shrapnel to his head.

  • - At this point of the battle, most officers are killed or injured. - OK.

  • The enemy's constant gunfire causes heavy damages to our lines,

  • which has a demoralising effect on all the soldiers

  • who have already endured five consecutive nights and days of bombardment.

  • Nevertheless, the 16th Regiment courageously resists until 10.25.

  • - Yes. - Oh, my God.

  • SHELL EXPLODES

  • After seven hours of German attack and having suffered 800 casualties, almost a third of its strength,

  • the 16th Territorial Regiment fell back from Courcelles,

  • leaving a small platoon to cover their retreat.

  • One of these men is your great grandfather, Louis Volant.

  • This is his service record.

  • In the October battle he took command of a section

  • and held his men under violent fire.

  • With the greatest calm he...

  • Oh, my God. He killed...

  • - He killed. - ..several German soldiers.

  • - For protecting his position and defending his comrades. - Oh, my God.

  • - He was seriously injured in the arm and the side... - Side.

  • - By... - A shell. - A shell. - A shell.

  • OK, oh, my goodness me.

  • So, Louis Volant, your great grandfather

  • who was, before the First World War an ordinary man, a waiter.

  • - He was a waiter. - And a good soldier when he was a conscript.

  • Yeah, but...

  • - Yes. - 15 days' training for this.

  • Yes, became in Courcelles an hero.

  • When his officials were killed, he was still there, fighting.

  • Amazing.

  • For his bravery, your great grandfather won

  • La Croix de Guerre.

  • The Legion d'honneur is an award for officer class.

  • So Croix de Guerre, it's an award for the fighter.

  • It's better. The Croix de Guerre is much better than the Legion d'honneur.

  • That's the fighter medal.

  • For me.

  • That's amazing. That's absolutely amazing.

  • In your family have you the Croix de Guerre?

  • - Not that I'm aware of, no. - No? - No.

  • Here...

  • You are joking.

  • ..I have the Croix de Guerre with the bronze star,

  • exactly the same as your great grandfather won

  • and I will be very, very honoured if you accept it...

  • - Thank you so much. - ..in memory of your great grandfather.

  • Thank you very much indeed.

  • Please, please. You're welcome.

  • Oh, my God.

  • Thank you.

  • I now understand how this happened.

  • We have two men with the same name,

  • who really were war heroes.

  • My great grandfather's gone back to defend bridges and roads

  • and then he finds himself in the middle of this incredibly bloody battle.

  • And my Louis, who was a waiter,

  • and a very ordinary, but to me not an ordinary man at all,

  • he leaps into action.

  • I've always been most impressed with bravery against the odds.

  • You know, bravery when it looks like you're beaten.

  • Bravery when, OK, we're all going to die but let's go down fighting.

  • And that's what he did.

  • The 16th Territorial Regiment's heroic resistance at Courcelles,

  • helped to stop the German Army breaking through French lines

  • and Paris remained in French control for the rest of the war.

  • Louis recovered from his injuries

  • and went on to serve as an army interpreter.

  • He continued to write regularly to Lizzie and his children.

  • So it's just incredible to look at all these letters

  • from Louis to the family in England.

  • There's a letter here from 1918.

  • That must be getting towards the end of his service.

  • He's maybe about to be demobbed.

  • And then he went back to London, I know that,

  • and he worked at the Savoy for all those years.

  • And then he reappears in France.

  • The address is an area called Maisons-Laffitte,

  • I've no idea where that is, but this is where he seems to have lived,

  • in this later part of his life,

  • so I would love, love to go there,

  • love to find out where Louis is buried.

  • In the early 1930s, Louis left England and his family for good,

  • retiring to the quiet town of Maisons-Laffitte,

  • just outside Paris.

  • He died there on 17th September 1949 at the age of 72.

  • Jo has contacted the local cemetery in Maisons-Laffitte,

  • who have a record of her great grandfather's burial there.

  • Cemetery attendant Max has agreed to show her Louis' resting place.

  • Jo is the first member of her family

  • to visit Louis' grave.

  • Louis was put in a communal grave.

  • Which is a horrible shock.

  • THEY SPEAK IN FRENCH

  • I asked him how many people are in this grave,

  • because immediately I think, well fine, you know, I want him out of there,

  • I will make sure he's buried properly.

  • But they don't know how many people

  • have been put into this communal grave so...

  • ..finding Louis' remains could be very difficult.

  • Louis was originally buried in a single plot,

  • but as the cemetery became overcrowded

  • and none of his relatives could be traced,

  • his remains were moved in 1968.

  • I must be honest, part of me's very angry.

  • Because he had family.

  • And until relatively recently he had quite close family

  • in that the last of his children didn't die very long ago.

  • And certainly my mother,

  • who was so keen to know where he was buried,

  • can have had no idea what had happened.

  • It's such an unfitting end for a really extraordinary man.

  • Yesterday was traumatic.

  • I expected to walk into that cemetery

  • and have, I suppose, a neat, satisfying full stop

  • and it wasn't neat and satisfying at all.

  • It was quite disturbing to me.

  • So I don't want this story to end there.

  • I want to find out more.

  • Jo knows that Louis was born in Paris' 10th arrondissement in 1877,

  • and that his mother was called Salome Schuch.

  • To see if she can find out more about Salome,

  • she's come to the Paris hospital archives

  • where the birth records for the city are held.

  • Genealogist Karen has agreed to help Jo with her search.

  • - Hello, are you Karen? - Yes.

  • Hi, how do you do? I'm Jo.

  • - Pleased to meet you. - Pleased to meet you too.

  • - All the birth certificates are organised by date. - Right.

  • Enter the number of arrondissement.

  • - 10th arrondissement. - And the date.

  • July, 07, 1877, yes, perfect.

  • - Rechercher? - Yes.

  • So we're looking for Volant.

  • - You can zoom with this. - With this.

  • We're in July. 31 Juillet.

  • - Yes. But there is no Louis Volant in this page. - No.

  • Schuch. Salome Schuch, that's him.

  • That's his mother's name.

  • - His mother, there. - So this must be him. - Yeah. - Louis,

  • - male child, born yesterday. - Born yesterday.

  • At seven o'clock in the morning.

  • Son of Salome Schuch, who is aged 23 years, domestique servant.

  • She was a servant.

  • But it's not Louis Volant, it's Louis Schuch.

  • He was not born Louis Volant?

  • Yes, there is no named father.

  • There's no father? Oh, my goodness.

  • We have a pregnant servant. A pregnant unmarried servant.

  • Under 19th century French law,

  • unmarried mothers like Salome had to legally acknowledge

  • their illegitimate children if they intended to keep them.

  • - Oh, I see a Louis. - Louis, yes. Salome Schuch. - Yes.

  • - 23-year-old servant recognises her natural son, Louis. - Natural son.

  • I had high hopes of Salome, I didn't think she would abandon her son.

  • - And we have not the name of the father. - And no name of the father.

  • - She signed there. - Oh, she signed, that's her signature.

  • Yes, this is the signature.

  • Karen has found more information about Salome in the hospital's admissions register.

  • Oh, my goodness.

  • Schuch. Salome Schuch, aged 23, servant.

  • She's single.

  • She's single, as are all these women and they're all single.

  • Lots and lots of entries like that.

  • Yes, it was very common in Paris at this period,

  • 30% of Parisian babies are illegitimate.

  • - Really? Wow. So she was in hospital for eight days. - Eight days.

  • And as a servant

  • - she probably lived with the family she was working for. - Probably.

  • - So she's living in Rue Clauzel, 19. - In the 9th arrondissement.

  • 9th arrondissement, is that quite near here?

  • Yes, it's not so far from here.

  • I'm very intrigued about Salome Schuch. She was a servant,

  • probably a maid I'm assuming,

  • and we've got an address for where

  • she was living and working when Louis was born,

  • so I'm interested to see that house

  • and know where she was at this time.

  • Jo has discovered that as a young woman, her great, great grandmother,

  • Salome Schuch, worked as a maid in the north of Paris.

  • To find out more, she has arranged to meet historian and writer

  • Marlowe Johnston.

  • Hello. Are you Marlowe?

  • - I am Marlowe. - I'm Jo. How do you do?

  • This is 19 Rue Clauzel,

  • where your great great grandmother lived.

  • - Shall we go in? - I'd love to go in.

  • This is the first floor and this document

  • shows everyone who rents in the building.

  • Each floor had several flats. The biggest would be that one.

  • - Facing the street? - Yes.

  • People who lived there would be more prosperous.

  • There was a lady on this floor

  • called Demoiselle Raymond.

  • Right.

  • She had two flats on this floor, which is unusual.

  • Now, she would need a maid.

  • Ah!

  • The people in the tiny flats wouldn't need a maid.

  • The concierge downstairs would do any bits that they needed.

  • So, if Salome was the maid, what sort of duties

  • would you expect her to have performed?

  • If she was the only maid, she would be doing cooking and cleaning.

  • She would have to fetch and carry coal.

  • Fetch and carry water.

  • The hard, physical work?

  • It would certainly be hard work.

  • - It's the strangest feeling, that she walked these stairs. - Yes.

  • This is where she would live.

  • Oh, my God.

  • One, two, three, four.

  • This is incredibly cramped.

  • There were tiny, these rooms.

  • They would hold a bed, and perhaps a little washstand, and no more.

  • She would come down in the morning to do her work,

  • and she would go up at night to bed, that would be it.

  • It was just a bed to sleep in, it was nothing else.

  • Domestic maids like Salome

  • were near the bottom of the economic and social scale

  • in late 19th century Paris.

  • As well as earning less than other working women,

  • they were often forced to work longer hours

  • and had little protection from abusive employers.

  • By 1880, domestiques also accounted for more illegitimate births

  • in the city than any other profession.

  • If a maid fell pregnant,

  • I assume that wouldn't be something she'd want her employer to know.

  • No, she would conceal it.

  • If she felt she had to say, or if it was particularly obvious,

  • the chances are she would be dismissed.

  • But in this building she was pregnant, going up and down stairs,

  • and she obviously kept it up as long as she possibly could.

  • Oh, Salome, what a life.

  • Marlowe has been researching what happened to Salome

  • after she gave birth to Louis in 1877.

  • She has uncovered some documents she wants to show Jo.

  • 18 months later,

  • she's moved along the road from Rue Clauzel to Rue Milton,

  • and she has another baby.

  • Oh, Salome!

  • Called Gabriel.

  • Gabriel, another son.

  • Gabriel Jean, in December of 1878.

  • Right. Oh, the name Volant has appeared for the first time...

  • It has.

  • - ..because this is the son of Pierre Volant. - That's right.

  • - They weren't married. - No.

  • - But they were living together. - Yes.

  • He acknowledges the child as his own because he's...

  • - Because he's said he's the father. - He's said he's the father.

  • So I'm liking Pierre quite a lot at this point.

  • Oh, Salome isn't a maid any more. She is a couturiere.

  • She is. She's a dressmaker.

  • So, she's gained a man and a profession...

  • - Yes. - ..within 18 months.

  • - Yes, it's not bad, is it? - Good for Salome!

  • Yes. And, in 1883...

  • - She's married! - That's right.

  • This is the marriage certificate. If you read down,

  • this is the crucial sentence.

  • "By the fact of their marriage,

  • "they recognise and legitimise four children..."

  • "..of the masculine sex.".

  • Four sons she had, at this point.

  • Yes, but when you legitimise them,

  • then they can inherit.

  • They couldn't otherwise. No illegitimate child could inherit.

  • But I do also notice that Louis alone is listed as Louis Schuch,

  • - and the others all have the name Volant, presumably from birth. - Yes.

  • So, I'm just wondering whether this Pierre wasn't a very decent man,

  • who fell in love with Salome and said,

  • "I will assume responsibility for a pre-existing child."

  • It is possible.

  • I like Pierre Volant very much.

  • Decent man, did the right thing, I'm quite fond of him now.

  • And so, Salome came from Brumath. Where is Brumath?

  • It's in Alsace, close to the German border.

  • And Schuch isn't a typically French name.

  • No, it's a Germanic name.

  • Alsace-Lorraine was always a mixture

  • because it moved constantly between France and Germany.

  • So, she was born on the border with Germany.

  • That's right.

  • I've found out that my great, great grandmother

  • was, at one point, in really, really dire straits.

  • And, if there's one thing that's quite clear,

  • this was a woman who was a survivor. She wasn't going to go under.

  • There is a definite parallel here.

  • 20 years ago, I was teaching and writing in my spare time,

  • and was very skint.

  • Not long after that, because my daughter's nearly 18,

  • I became a single mum.

  • So I feel a connection there.

  • Jo has decided to travel 250 miles from Paris

  • to the region of Alsace, where Salome was born.

  • It's a rich agricultural area,

  • which forms part of France's border with Germany,

  • and has been the cause of many brutal conflicts,

  • stretching back 1,000 years.

  • The village of Brumath lies only ten miles from the German border.

  • To look for information about Salome and her family,

  • Jo has come to the town hall.

  • Bonjour, you're Stephanie.

  • - Yeah, it's me. - Hello.

  • - Hello. - How do you do?

  • I'm fine, thank you.

  • Stephanie Fisher, from the Mayor's office, has agreed to help her.

  • So you know that I'm looking for my great, great grandmother.

  • Yeah.

  • - Salome... I say Schuch, but it's "Schoosh". - Schuch. - It is Schuch. OK.

  • I have her marriage certificate here,

  • and this has got the details of her birth.

  • She was born in...cinquante quatre.

  • So, that's 1854.

  • What's this book?

  • This is the birth certificates, so this is Salome Schuch.

  • Oh, we've got her. Oh, fantastic.

  • OK, Salome Schuch,

  • born on 10th March, 1854,

  • to Jacques Schuch, who was 28,

  • and he was a... I can't real this very well.

  • A tailor?

  • Tailleur de pierres. It means stone cutter.

  • - Stone cutter. OK. And Christine...Bergtold. - Bergtold.

  • These are very Germanic names.

  • Yes, a lot people in Alsace have ancestors in Germany,

  • maybe in Switzerland - it's really common here.

  • And they lived here, in Brumath.

  • - Yeah. Here we've got a census. - Fantastic.

  • So, here we can see the whole family, in 1861.

  • Jacques Schuch and Christine Bergtold,

  • - and here are all the children. - Oh!

  • We have Catherine, Salome, Marguerite...

  • OK, five daughters and no sons.

  • No.

  • So Salome was the second daughter.

  • She was eight years old.

  • And Jacques Schoosh...Schuch.

  • - Jacques, yes. - Jacques Schuch is a... Oh, my God, what is he there?

  • That's not a stone cutter.

  • It's also a kind of stone cutter

  • - but of sandstone. - That doesn't sound like

  • that would be a very lucrative profession.

  • No, they weren't so wealthy.

  • So, quite poor and they've got five daughters.

  • Yeah.

  • Jo has learnt that her great, great grandmother, Salome,

  • was the second daughter of Jacques Schuch and Christine Bergtold.

  • The couple went on to have a sixth daughter, Madeleine, in 1861,

  • but four years later tragedy struck the family.

  • This is the death certificate of the father.

  • Jacques Schuch died in 1865.

  • - Oh, no. He was only 39. - Yeah.

  • So Salome lost her father when she was 12.

  • Oh, God, how sad. That's awful.

  • And there was also another baby.

  • Here.

  • Jacques Schuch. He was born after his father died.

  • After his father died?

  • Just one month after. So the mother was pregnant when her husband died.

  • Oh, that's awful.

  • So she's left a widow, presumably in her 30s, with seven children.

  • And she had no job, so it would have been really hard.

  • She had no job. Oh, that's so sad.

  • This is the death certificate of the mother, in 1896.

  • - That's not a premature death. - No. - Thankfully.

  • Hang on, what's happened to the language? We're suddenly into German.

  • The whole book is in German because this area in France was German.

  • When did that change because we've been in France all this time?

  • When did Germany take over?

  • Since 1870 because of the Franco-Prussian War.

  • Have you any documents to show what happened to the family while the Germans...

  • Not here.

  • Here we only have birth or death certificates.

  • - Only birth or death. - Yes.

  • I'm very struck by how many single mothers I'm descended from

  • in this line of the family.

  • We had Lizzie, firstly. Then we have Salome.

  • And now we've got Christine, who's widowed in her 30s,

  • and has got seven children.

  • So, a lot of women holding the families together here.

  • The other striking thing is this sudden change from French into German,

  • so I'm very keen to find out what happened to my family

  • at the time when the Prussians were here.

  • Jo has discovered that Salome was living in Brumath in 1870,

  • at the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War.

  • To find out more,

  • she's meeting local military historian, Benoit.

  • - Bonjour. - Bonjour. - You're Benoit.

  • I'm Benoit.

  • Hello, I'm Jo.

  • - Nice to meet you. - Nice to meet you too.

  • - Brumath was a normal town before the war. - Right.

  • 3,000 people were living here in such houses like this, typical Alsatian.

  • - Right. - Or like this one.

  • - That's your family house. - Oh! You're joking?! - Yeah.

  • - That one? - In this house, Salome lived.

  • Oh!

  • I can't believe it. Really?

  • Let's go and see the house.

  • Merci beaucoup!

  • I can't believe it.

  • It's incredible. I never dreamed we'd see the house.

  • Absolutely incredible.

  • Benoit has found a residency agreement

  • for the house, which Salome's mother, Christine Bergtold,

  • signed three years after the death of her husband.

  • The owner granted use of the house to Christine Bergtold and her children.

  • - To use, she didn't own it. - She didn't own it.

  • This is very touching... "Jacques, posthumous child.".

  • He was born after...

  • - After his father's death. - Exactly.

  • So, Jacques at this point is...

  • He's now three.

  • - Yes, and he lived in this house till he died. - Oh, did he?

  • In 1943.

  • In 1943, he died?

  • So this was Jacques' house.

  • Wow!

  • And here's Salome. She was 12 when her father died.

  • - Yeah. - 14 now.

  • Two and a half years later, the Franco-Prussian War broke out,

  • 40 kilometres away north, away from Brumath.

  • My family had a talent for being wherever there was trouble.

  • Everywhere I go, someone starts dropping bombs or firing shells.

  • So, at this time, did people in this area consider themselves French?

  • - They were very, very patriotic. - Their allegiance was to France? - Sure.

  • In July 1870, when Salome was only 16 years old,

  • simmering tensions between France and Prussia erupted into war.

  • Although Alsace had been part of France for 300 years,

  • the Prussian Prime Minister, Otto von Bismarck,

  • wanted the province back, as part of a new German empire.

  • On 6th August, the French Army confronted Prussia and its allies

  • at the Battle of Woerth in Northern Alsace,

  • only a day's march from Brumath.

  • There were 80,000 German soldiers on one side,

  • and 45,000 French soldiers.

  • It's one of the bloodiest battles of the Franco-Prussia War.

  • In ten hours 20,000 people died.

  • In ten hours.

  • 20,000.

  • The French Army was cut in two,

  • and one part go south through Brumath to go to Strasbourg.

  • I see.

  • The Mayor from Brumath wrote exactly what happens.

  • Here you have translation.

  • "In the evening, the first troops, which had fled from the French Army arrived in Brumath,

  • "saying everything is lost. Infantry on horses, cavalry on foot,

  • "and soldiers of all types made up a motley group.

  • "These poor wretches were treated as cowards by some of the people in Brumath."

  • It's very possible that Salome and her family

  • were seeing these troops pass under their window.

  • More than possible, for sure.

  • - I'm guessing the Prussians were close on these people's tails. - Yeah.

  • - They're coming to Brumath now. - Yeah.

  • "On Monday 8th August, several German regiments arrived in Brumath

  • "and Tuesday..."

  • Oh, my goodness! "..Tuesday, 18,000 soldiers arrived and camped nearby."

  • 18,000 soldiers descend.

  • - Here. - On this tiny little town.

  • Yes, 3,000 inhabitants.

  • This is an invasion to them.

  • For them it's purely an invasion.

  • My great, great grandmother.

  • What do you think it would have been like for her?

  • I think everything stopped. The normal life she had stopped.

  • You can't go to school any more,

  • you can't go outside of your house like you did before.

  • You have to give everything you can to the soldiers.

  • - There's no choice. - Yeah, of course. - No choice.

  • Yeah, under pain of death, presumably.

  • So, coming into the house and saying, "We take eggs, milk, everything you have."

  • It was very difficult.

  • - She had trauma upon trauma. - Yeah. - She loses her father at 12,

  • they have a very brief period of security.

  • Exactly.

  • And then the town's invaded.

  • Yes, and the people here, and Salome also, I think, and her mother,

  • absolutely don't know what will happen at the end of the war.

  • The fate of Salome and her family

  • rested on the defence of the Alsatian capital, Strasbourg,

  • where the remains of the French Army had taken refuge.

  • Using Brumath as their base,

  • German forces besieged the city for six weeks.

  • They fired almost 200,000 artillery shells into Strasbourg,

  • destroying much of it,

  • and killing thousands of men, women and children.

  • Many of the German soldiers who died in the siege were buried in Brumath.

  • At the end of the siege,

  • 27th September,

  • everybody here in the area are in expectation of what will happen.

  • On 8th October, a real announcement came -

  • "Strassburg ist und bleibt Deutsch."

  • - Strasbourg is and will remain German. - German, exactly.

  • Would it be true to say then, that on 8th October,

  • - my family effectively became German? - Not for sure.

  • Because, months later at the Treaty of Frankfurt,

  • between France and Germany,

  • there was an article, which said people can choose

  • whether they want to remain French or if they want to become German.

  • Right.

  • But, Bismarck said, "You can choose,

  • "but if you remain French, goodbye. Leave your place and go."

  • - Go to France? - To France.

  • - Oh, that choice! - Exactly. That was a choice(!)

  • That's great, isn't it?

  • - They were called the Optants. - The Optants.

  • They had to sign a paper.

  • If you want to know if your family became German or remained French...

  • - I've got to find the opting paper. - Exactly.

  • Under the harsh terms of Bismarck's choice,

  • 125,000 people, almost 10% of the population of Alsace,

  • and the neighbouring province of Lorraine,

  • gave up their homes and livelihoods to remain French and left.

  • The rest, mostly poor peasant farmers dependant on their land,

  • became citizens of the new Germany.

  • I started this thinking I was going to look for my French roots

  • and now I discover there's a possibility those French roots

  • might have turned German at some point.

  • I'd love to think they made the decision to remain French.

  • I think it would have been very brave,

  • but that might be a step too far,

  • for a family that was living on the very verge of extreme poverty.

  • So, maybe we are more German than I thought.

  • To discover what happened to Salome and her family after the war,

  • Jo has come to the Protestant church in Brumath to meet a genealogist.

  • Bonjour.

  • - You are Guy? - Yes, I am.

  • - I'm Jo. How do you do? - How do you do?

  • - Please come in. - Thank you.

  • In this church your family was married, baptised.

  • In here?

  • In this church, yeah.

  • Wow.

  • Guy has been looking at the names of Brumath residents

  • who opted to leave Alsace.

  • - We looked for the opting document for Christine Bergtold. - Yeah, OK.

  • - But we didn't find anything. - I see.

  • Showing that she opted.

  • I completely understand why Christine didn't opt to remain French.

  • I think in her situation that would be a very...

  • Almost a foolish thing to do.

  • But I'm interested in Salome because I know she decided to go to Paris,

  • so I'm wondering why she decided to leave.

  • She could not opt because she was not 21.

  • - She was too young. - She was underage.

  • - She was 17. - Yes.

  • - But we have a document here. Somebody of her family... - Yes?

  • ..opted in Paris.

  • Bergtold, Catherine.

  • - Oh, yes! Oh, yes! - Who was a great aunt of Salome. - Right.

  • And Catherine Bergtold opted, you see here,

  • on 9th September 1872.

  • - Yes. - So, I think Salome went to Paris with her great aunt.

  • So she still... She's technically German.

  • Exactly, she's technically German but living in Paris.

  • Are you saying that my great, great grandmother was actually German?

  • Depends.

  • - Uh-huh. - Did she marry?

  • She did marry. She did. She married Pierre Volant, who was French.

  • Ah, so according to the French law, she became French when she married.

  • So, she's born French, she becomes German

  • and then she becomes French again.

  • Yes, exactly.

  • She was German let's say, ten years.

  • At bayonet-point, though, I don't think it counts.

  • Whilst Salome started a new life in Paris,

  • her mother, Christine, remained in Brumath as a German citizen

  • until her death in 1886.

  • Salome's younger brother, Jacques, stayed with his mother

  • and was forced to serve in the German Army.

  • He and his descendants are buried in the church's graveyard,

  • and Guy has brought Jo to see the Schuch family graves.

  • - Bonjour. - Bonjour.

  • - Bonjour. Ca va? - Ca va bien.

  • - Merci. - Tres bien.

  • C'est le fils... It is the son of Guillaume Schuch.

  • Guillaume Schuch was the son of Jacques.

  • - Ah, OK. - Jacques Schuch, the brother of Salome.

  • We're cousins!

  • Yes, absolutely. You are cousins.

  • He's saying Brumath draws everyone back.

  • Ca c'est le grand-pere et la grand-mere.

  • That's Jacques, my great, great, great uncle.

  • So, I've got Salome's little brother, sitting

  • as an elderly gentleman outside the house that we visited.

  • That's incredible.

  • - Are you sure? - A big gift.

  • That's beautiful, I will treasure it. Thank you.

  • Merci beaucoup.

  • Merci. C'est tres bon. C'est tres gentile.

  • - Oui. - Wow, I've got a photo.

  • Mr Schuch knows about Harry Potter.

  • He has seen the film on the television.

  • Salome Schuch spent the rest of her life in Paris,

  • and lived to see Alsace and her home town of Brumath

  • return to French control at the end of the First World War,

  • a war in which her son Louis was awarded the Croix de Guerre

  • for his actions at the Battle of Courcelles.

  • As a storyteller,

  • the person, I suppose, for me, who sings out from the whole family story is Salome.

  • She went through very difficult times,

  • and I feel that we are what we are really because of her bravery.

  • She held the family together and built, actually, a very strong, stable family.

  • So we've really done what I set out to do.

  • I wanted to find out the truth about my French roots, and I have.

  • And my mother would have adored every minute of this.

  • She'd have loved the whole thing. It's been wonderful.

  • Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd

  • E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk

CAMERAS WHIR

字幕與單字

單字即點即查 點擊單字可以查詢單字解釋

B1 中級 英國腔

BBC JK 羅琳專訪 (Who Do You Think You Are - JK Rowling)

  • 12113 1007
    VoiceTube 發佈於 2013 年 04 月 13 日
影片單字