As the old saying goes, "On the the Internet, no one know you're an *beep*," and science is showing cyberbullying has some long-lasting effects.

俗話說：「在網路上，沒有人知道你是個混蛋。」而科學顯示，網絡霸凌會造成一些長期的影響。

Hey, everybody. Trace here for DNews. Thanks for tuning in.

大家好。我是 DNews 的 Trace。感謝收看。

Our parents had regular bullies, they stole their lunch money on the walk to school, they beat them up out of sight of the teachers.

我們的父母經常被欺負，他們在去學校的路上偷走了他們的午餐錢，他們在老師的視線之外毆打他們。

But cyberbullies don't have to go far to get out of sight or find a victim.

但網絡惡霸可以輕而易舉地就找到受害者。

A study in School Psychology Quarterly found that when it comes to bullying, girls were more likely to be victims of verbal or relational assaults, while boys were more likely to be physically bullied,

《校園心理學》季刊的一項研究發現，在霸凌方面，女孩更有可能成為言語或關係攻擊的受害者，而男孩更容易受到肢體上的霸凌，

and as kids age, the physical bullying peters out, but cyberbullying increases.

且隨著孩子年紀增長，肢體上的霸凌會逐漸減少，但網絡霸凌卻在增加。

According to research in the journal Psicothema, one in four teens were cyber-bullied in the year prior to the study.

根據 Psicothema 刊物的研究，四分之一的青少年在該研究前一年就受到了網絡霸凌。

And unlike old school bullying, the internet is in your pocket all the time thanks to smartphones.

而與以往的校園霸凌不同的是，因為智慧型手機的關係，網絡近在咫尺。

63 percent of the teens said that they never shut off their phones, so they can be bullied anywhere, and as more people carry devices like phones and laptops, the numbers will only grow.

63% 的青少年表示他們從不關手機，因此他們在任何地方都可能被欺負，而且隨著越來越多的人攜帶手機和筆電等設備，這個數字只會越來越多。

The long-term effects of this round-the-clock bullying are just beginning to be studied.

這種 24 小時霸凌的長期影響才剛剛開始被研究。

And according to the same study, with most, the cyberbullying lasted less than a month;

根據同一項研究，大多數情況下，網絡霸凌持續不到一個月；

but four percent of teens said they'd been regularly cyber-bullied for three to six months and three percent for more than a year! That's a lot of bullying!

但 4% 的青少年表示，他們經常受到網絡霸凌的時間為三到六個月，並且有 3% 的青少年被霸凌的時間超過一年！ 太誇張了！

And it doesn't stop there, the Boston Children's Hospital released a study earlier this year, that says even though the bullying does stop eventually, the harm sticks around forever.

不僅如此，波士頓兒童醫院在今年上旬的時候發布的一項研究表明，即使霸凌行為最終會停止，傷害也會永遠存在。

People who experienced harassment at any age experienced worse mental and physical health later in life, plus increased depressive symptoms and lower self-worth.

在任何年齡經歷過騷擾的人在往後的生活中都會經歷更糟糕的身心健康問題，加上憂鬱症狀增加和自我價值降低。

A separate studying in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that victims of bullying had increases in anxiety disorders, panic disorder, depression,

美國國家科學院院刊上的另一項研究發現，霸凌受害者的焦慮症、恐慌症、抑鬱症會增加，

and additionally, people who were bullied had higher levels of C-reactive protein, which is a biomarker which has been linked to higher cardiovascular risk.

此外，被欺負的人的 C 反應蛋白值更高，這是一種與更高的心血管風險相關的生物標誌物。

Bullies, on the other hand, had lower levels of that protein. That's awful.

另一方面，霸凌者的這種蛋白值就沒那麼高了。真是令人不悅。

Anyway, the reasons aren't really clear, but a study by the Family Institute at Northwestern University said that teenagers have more difficulty processing and dealing with cyberbullying than classic bullying,

總之，雖然原因還不是很清楚，但西北大學家庭研究所的一項研究表明，網絡霸凌的受害青少年比典型的霸凌受害者有更多困境要面對，

simply because online is more solitary.

因為在網路上更孤獨。

No one comes to the victim's defence, and it's difficult for a victim to work out differences with their bully.

不會有人為受害者辯護，受害者很難與霸凌他們的人解決分歧。

This isn't just a kids issue either, climate scientists are cyberbullied constantly.

這也不僅僅是兒童問題，氣候科學家經常受到網絡欺凌。

Gavin Schmidt, a climate scientist for NASA, told Scientific American he gets a lot of hate mail and intimidating letters, everytime he publishes anything.

美國宇航局的氣候科學家加文施密特告訴《科學人》，他每次發表任何東西都會收到很多仇恨郵件和恐嚇信。

Journalists, myself included, experience bullying on a regular basis.

包括我自己在內的記者也經常遭受霸凌。

It's not easy to put your face on YouTube, knowing that everything you say or do will be commented on; usually negatively.

讓自己出現在 YouTube 上並不容易，尤其是明知道你說的或做的每件事都會被評論，且通常是負面的。

Again, females have it worse than males in this area, as exposed by the current #GamerGate bullcrap.

再說一次，正如當前的玩家門爭議一樣，女性在這方面的情況比男性更糟糕。

But that's neither here nor there.

但那爭議不重要。

Cyberbullying is truly horrible to the people it affects, and it's becoming such a growing problem, a 13-year-old from Chicago entered a project in the Google Science Fair that cut bullying comments by 93.43 percent.

網絡霸凌對它所影響的人來說真的很可怕，而且它正成為一個日益嚴重的問題，一位來自芝加哥的 13 歲女孩參加了谷歌科學博覽會的一個計畫，將霸凌評論減少了 93.43%。

Her invention? A piece of software that identifies a mean comment and simply asks if they're sure they want to post it.

她的發明是什麼呢？ 是一款軟體，可識別惡毒評論並詢問他們是否確定要發布該評論。

Seriously, almost everyone who used it reconsider their comment.

說真的，幾乎所有使用它的人都會重新考慮他們的評論。

Luckily there is other software out there to protect you from cyberbullying and other online dangers so a big thank you to Norton for protecting the vulnerable and for sponsoring DNews.

幸運的是，還有其他軟體可以保護你免受網絡霸凌和其他網上危險，因此非常感謝 Norton 保護弱勢群體並贊助 DNews。

Have you ever been a victim of cyberbullying? Bullies in general? We are here for you, we are a community.

你曾經是網絡霸凌的受害者嗎？ 還是一般的霸凌者呢？ 我們在這裡為您服務，我們是一個社群。

So let's talk about it. Go ahead down to the comments and let us know what you thought about this and if this has ever happened to you.

來聊聊吧。 到評論區留言，讓我們知道你對此的看法以及你是否曾經發生過這種情況。