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  • You've probably heard someone say that

    你很可能會聽到有人說:

  • listening to Mozart makes you smarter or that they have a photographic memory.

    聽莫札特會變聰明,或他們可以過目不忘

  • But... that's just not the case. Using the power of scientific research, let's bust...

    但是事實並非如此。透過科學的力量來研究,讓我們破除

  • some popular misconceptions about memory, intelligence and your brain.

    許多人對於記憶、智慧還有大腦的錯誤觀念

  • If somebody tells you "listening to classical music increases your intelligence."

    如果有人跟你說:「聽古典樂可以變聰明」

  • tell them to take it Bach. (Bachback 讀音相近)

    叫他們收回這句話

  • In one study, participants listened to either a Mozart sonata, verbal instructions or silence

    研究顯示,測試者分別聆聽莫札特奏鳴曲、口語授課內容或是靜音

  • and then did parts of an IQ test.

    然後讓他們做智力測驗的某些部分

  • Those who listened to Mozart did perform better in spatial-reasoning tasks.

    那些聽莫札特的人確實在「空間推理」上有較好的表現

  • Butthis enhancing effect of music, also known as "the Mozart effect", is only temporary.

    但是,這種音樂的強化效果,也就是我們所說的「莫札特效應」只是暫時性的

  • It wore off in less than 15 minutes.

    它在 15 分鐘之內就會消失

  • Subsequent studies have found that the "Mozart effect" only works for short periods when people enjoy the music,

    後續研究發現,「莫札特效應」只有在人們享受音樂的一小段時間有效,

  • and it doesn't work when the major chords are replaced by minor chords.

    而且如果大調和弦轉換成小調和弦就沒有用了

  • If you hear that someone has a "photographic memory", don't let it strike a chord.

    如果你聽到有人說某人擁有「過目不忘」的能力,不要輕易相信

  • There's no scientific evidence that we can remember things so instagood that our abilities mimic a camera.

    目前並沒有科學證實我們的記憶力可以強到跟照相機一樣

  • People may have eidetic memory,

    人們可能有遺覺記憶,

  • where they have an exceptional ability to process and organise information very efficiently

    也就是有超群的能力可以有效率的傳遞並組織訊息

  • but this isn't the same as having an image in your brain.

    但這不代表可以把影像映入腦海

  • In one study, researchers show that

    另外一個研究顯示,

  • mental representations about photographs aren't encoded the same way that photographs are recalled.

    人類心智表徵從外界接收影像以及腦中再次投攝影像的方式不同

  • It's not possible to view a picture in your brain just as you observed it.

    我們是不可能在腦中看到當初眼睛觀察到的圖像的

  • If you do want to think like the Flashcrossword puzzles and brain games aren't the way do it.

    如果你希望腦筋可以動得飛快...縱橫字謎和益智遊戲幫不了你的

  • There's a popular belief that playing games keeps your brain young.

    很多人都相信這種遊戲可以預防腦部退化

  • But... that's a trivial pursuit.

    事實上...無濟於事

  • In one study, participants from 60 to 90 years old were split into groups.

    某研究將 60 歲至 90 歲的測試者分組

  • Some groups learned new skills, like digital photography or sewing quilts,

    有些組別學新技能,像是數位攝影或是縫棉被,

  • and the other groups participated in social clubs, did crossword puzzles or watched documentaries.

    有些組參加社團,玩縱橫字謎遊戲或是看紀錄片

  • Those who learned new skills and applied them to something creative - like photography or quilting -

    那些學習新技能,像是攝影或做棉被,並將之用來創作的人

  • showed the greatest improvements on memory tasks after three months.

    在三個月後,他們這組的測試者在記憶力上的表現進步最多

  • And if you're looking to stitch up a higher score on a multiple choice test,

    然後如果你想要選擇題考高分,

  • thinking "your first guess is always your best" isn't sew smart.

    然後你認為你的第一眼認定的答案總是對的,並不是很聰明 (sew 發音跟 so 一樣)

  • Pretty much all research on sticking with your initial hunches suggests that

    幾乎所有關於相信直覺的研究顯示,

  • most answer changes are from incorrect to correct,

    多半大家更改答案都是從錯的改成正確的,

  • and people who change their answers usually improve their test scores.

    而且通常改答案會提高你的考試成績

  • It's said we buy into this mythsometimes called the "first instinct fallacy"

    據說我們會相信這種叫做「直覺謬誤」的迷思,

  • because it feels worse to change a correct answer to an incorrect one.

    因為當我們把對的答案換成錯的答案時,感覺實在是太糟了

  • That makes changing right answers to wrong more memorable, so it seems more probable.

    這讓我們難以忘懷這個失敗的經驗,所以才會讓人覺得好像不該改答案

  • And now if your first instinct is to click away, maybe that isn't always best

    如果現在你的直覺告訴你要離開我們網頁,也許這不是最佳選擇...

  • stick around and let me know what you think in the comments.

    停留一會兒然後留言告訴我你的想法

  • Following my Twitter and Tumblr for brainy facts and episode updates,

    想知道更多大腦的秘密還有最新影片可以追蹤我的 Twitter 以及 Tumblr,

  • and if you do know already, subscribe to BrainCraft. I have a new episode out every Thursday.

    如果你早就知道這些了,可以訂閱 BrainCraft,每週四都會有新的影片

You've probably heard someone say that

你很可能會聽到有人說:

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