Name: 15.羅馬與別墅：哈德良先賢祠和蒂沃利療養院。 (15. Rome and a Villa: Hadrian's Pantheon and Tivoli Retreat)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:26:00.000Z
Duration: 1 h 13 min 24 s
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Prof: Good morning everyone, and welcome back,

after what I hope was a great spring break.

This lecture, that I'm going to deliver this

students who have selected Option 3 for their paper topic:

It has great architecture; it has an extraordinary patron

to all kinds of exotic places, some of which we'll be talking

about today and some of which we'll be talking about in the

some of the best buildings that we'll see in the course of this

semester, including the Pantheon and also Hadrian's Villa at

The patron Hadrian, whom I show you in a portrait

from Rome, now on the left-hand side of the screen,

He was born in 76 A.D., and he became emperor at the

age of 41, after having served with Trajan for a number of

in Spain, not in Italy, and he also was the most

and most intellectual of the Roman emperors.

We'll talk about the impact that that intellect had on his

I mentioned that he already--he also liked to travel.

He traveled extensively during his reign,

had three major trips that had an enormous impact on his

architecture, and also on architecture around

And it's also important I think to know that he reversed

You'll remember that Trajan's major political policy had to do

with military conquest, that Trajan was involved in a

number of very important wars, and he celebrated those wars,

and he extended the Empire to its furthest reaches,

reaches that were never gone beyond for the rest of the Roman

He had no interest in being involved in these kinds of

military exploits; although he had served with

Trajan in some of them, in earlier years,

And he was much more concerned with consolidating and

preserving the Empire, as expanded by Trajan.

And so one of his greatest claims to fame is the great

he built in order to separate the Roman Empire,

the Greco-Roman Empire, from the rest of the Empire,

this great wall that divided Greco-Roman civilization from

And there are fragments of that wall, a quite extensive part of

that wall that still survives in Europe today.

You can see it in Britain, and I show you an example of

some of those remains here on the right-hand side of the

Hadrian was also a great philhellene, and you notice in

that portrait that I just showed you that he wore a beard.

And, in fact, he's the first Roman emperor to

Beards were not worn by Romans up to this time,

but they were worn by Greeks, and we believe that he wore

We also know that, although he wore a toga in

Greek himation, in private, and he did that,

He was so philhellenic in his leanings that he received the

and we'll see, as we look at his architecture,

the impact that his love of Greece had on that architecture.

In fact, what I'd like to do today is to begin with the most

Greek of Hadrian's buildings, a building that we think he may

have designed himself, because we also know that

Hadrian himself was an amateur architect.

And we think he designed this very building,

He was also particularly interested, by the way,

Most of his public building was religious architecture,

temples, this being one of them: the Temple of Venus and

as the patron goddess of the city of Rome,

and to Venus as the patron goddess of the Roman family.

And you'll remember that Venus was a special favorite of Julius

and those two thought of her as the special patron of the Julian

So we also see Hadrian here, conjuring up,

I think, his connections to the earlier dictators and emperor

You'll see that we don't have a precise date for this monument.

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15.羅馬與別墅：哈德良先賢祠和蒂沃利療養院。 (15. Rome and a Villa: Hadrian's Pantheon and Tivoli Retreat)

structure

build

concrete

architecture