negative charges. Imagine I take a balloon that does not have a charge and I rub it on

負電荷。想象一下，我拿一個沒有電荷的氣球，然後我把它擦在

my head. I am now giving it a charge. So I could move it up to something neutral, like

我的頭。我現在給它充電。所以我可以把它移到一些中性的東西，像...

a wall and if I let it go it will just stay there. Now imagine if I take another balloon

一堵牆，如果我讓它走，它就會留在那裡。現在想象一下，如果我拿另一個氣球

and I charge that in a similar matter. It should have the same charge as the balloon.

和我充電，在類似的事情。它的電荷應該和氣球一樣。

And so if I hold it up next to it and let it go, what is going to happen? It will actually

所以如果我把它舉在旁邊，然後讓它走，會發生什麼？它實際上會

be repelled by that object. And so scientists speculated there are two types of charges.

被該物體所排斥。於是科學家們推測有兩種收費方式。

And we call those positive and negative charges. And so an electric charge can be positive

我們稱這些為正電荷和負電荷。所以一個電荷可以是正電荷

or negative. If we have a neutral object it is going to have an equal amount of each of

或負數。如果我們有一箇中性的物體，它將有相等數量的每一個的

those different charges. But if it is a charged object, like a balloon, then it is going to

那些不同的電荷。但如果它是一個帶電的物體，比如氣球，那麼它就會... ...

have differences in the number of electric charges that it has. If it is a negatively

有差異，它的電荷數。如果它是一個負的

charged object it is going to have more of the negative charges. And if it is a positively

帶電的物體會有更多的負電荷。如果它是一個正電荷

charged object it is going to have more of the positives. Now let's say I bring two objects

帶電的物體，它將有更多的正極。現在，讓我們'說，我帶來兩個物體。

next to each other that have different charges. What is going to happen? There will be an

旁邊有不同的費用。會發生什麼呢？會有一個

attractive force between the two. But if we take two objects that have the same charge

兩者之間的吸引力。但如果我們把兩個電荷相同的物體

and bring them next to each other, that could be both positive or both negative, they are

並把它們挨在一起，可以是正面的，也可以是負面的，它們是

going to repel each other. Now why did the balloon stick to the wall if the wall did

會互相排斥。如果牆面上有氣球，為什麼氣球會粘在牆上？

not have a charge? I had not done anything to it? Well if you move a charge up to a neutral

沒有收費？我沒有對它做任何事情？好吧，如果你把電荷移到一箇中性點上

object what it can do is it can polarize that object. It can move some of the charges to

它能做的就是使該物體極化。它可以將一些電荷移動到

one end. And what it does is create a similar charged object. So an electric charge can

一端。而它所做的就是創造一個類似的帶電物體。所以電荷可以

either be positive or negative. And so if we are looking at a neutral object, how many

要麼是正的，要麼是負的。所以如果我們看到的是一箇中性物體，有多少個

of those charges are we are going to have in that object? An equal amount of each. Now

我們要在該物體上裝多少炸藥？每種電荷的數量相等。現在...

let's say we take a charged object, a charged object like that balloon, what are we going

讓我們說，我們把一個帶電的物體，一個帶電的物體 像氣球，我們要什麼

to have? We are going to have more of a positive charge, if it is a positively charged object.

要有?如果是帶正電的物體，我們要多帶正電。

Or if it is a negatively charged object we are going to have more of the negative charges

或者說如果是帶負電的物體，我們會有更多的負電荷。

inside it. Now let's say we take two neutral objects, so two balloons that we have not

內。現在，讓我們拿兩個中性物體，所以兩個氣球，我們沒有。

charged and we move them right next to each other. What is going to happen if we let them

充電，我們把它們移到旁邊。如果我們讓它們

go? Nothing is going to happen. There is going to be no attraction between the two because

去嗎？什麼都不會發生。兩人之間不會有任何吸引力，因為...

the charges are equally distributed. Let's say we take two objects that two objects that

的電荷是平均分佈的。比方說，我們取兩個物體，兩個物體，即

have opposite charge. So the one on the left has a negative charge, the one on the right

有相反的電荷。所以左邊的那個帶負電，右邊的那個帶

is going to have a positive charge. If I let these go what is going to happen? There will

是會有一個正電荷。如果我放了這些東西，會發生什麼？會發生什麼？

be an attractive force between the two. Opposites attract. Let's say we take two objects that

是兩者之間的一種吸引力。對方吸引。比方說，我們把兩個物體的

have the same charge and move them next to each other. In this case they both have negative

具有相同的電荷，並將它們移到對方旁邊。在這種情況下，它們都有負電荷

charges, what will happen when I let go? They are going to push away from each other. Same

我一放手，會發生什麼？他們會互相推開。一樣

thing if they are both positive. If I let them go, they are going to move away from

的事情，如果他們都是正。如果我放他們走，他們就會遠離。

each other. Now let's say we take a charged object, so that is the one on the left and

彼此之間。現在讓我們取一個帶電的物體，所以就是左邊的那個物體，然後。

then we have a neutral object, that is going to be the one on the right, watch carefully

然後，我們有一箇中立的對象， 這將是一個在右邊，仔細觀察。

what happens as these two come together. So as I move the charged object towards the neutral

當這兩者結合在一起時會發生什麼。所以當我把帶電的物體移向中性點的時候。

object what it is doing is it is polarizing those charges. It is moving the negative charges

它的作用是使這些電荷極化。它正在移動負電荷

farther away. Why? Because they are being repelled by these negative charges. The positive

更遠的地方。為什麼？因為它們被這些負電荷所驅趕。正電荷

charges are moving towards it. And so now there is an attraction between this polarized,

電荷正向它移動。所以現在這個極化之間就有了吸引力。

what used to be neutral object. And so PHET makes a wonderful simulation that kind of

過去是中性物體。所以PHET做了一個奇妙的模擬，那種

walks you through that. So what we have got here is the address down below and I will

走你通過。所以，我們在這裡得到的是下面的地址，我會。

put a link in the video description as well. So what I am going to do is take a balloon

把鏈接在視頻描述。所以，我要做的是拿一個氣球

and I can move that balloon around. And if I let it go it just stays where it is. But

我可以移動氣球周圍。如果我讓它走，它只是停留在原地。但是...

let's say I want to charge it what I can do is I can rub it on a sweater like this. And

讓'說我想給它充電我可以做的是我可以把它擦在一件毛衣上，像這樣。擦在毛衣上

now I am applying a charge to that balloon so when I let it go it is going to go right

現在我在氣球上加了電，所以當我讓它走的時候，它就會走得很遠。

over to the sweater. And so if we move it next to the wall and let it go it will stay

到毛衣。所以如果我們把它移到牆邊，讓它走，它就會停留下來

there. But if I get it close to the sweater then it is going to be attracted. And so let's

在那裡。但是如果我把它靠近毛衣，那麼它是會被吸引的。所以讓's

reset this whole thing and look at the charges now. So you can see that all of these objects

重置這一切，看看現在的電荷。所以你可以看到，所有這些對象

are now neutral. They have equal amounts of charge. But as I rub it on the sweater what

現在是中性的。它們的電荷量相等。但是當我把它擦在毛衣上的時候...

I am really doing is I am pulling those negative charges off the sweater. And now they are

我真正做的是把毛衣上的負電荷拔掉。現在它們是

on the balloon. So now that balloon is a negatively charged object. And the sweater is a positively

在氣球上。所以現在氣球是帶負電荷的物體。而毛衣是一個帶正電的

charged object. So if I let it go it moves right next to it. Now watch what happens when

帶電的物體。所以如果我讓它走，它就會在旁邊移動。現在看看發生了什麼

I move it next to the wall you can see it is polarizing this neutral object of the wall.

我把它移到牆的旁邊，你可以看到它正在極化牆的這個中性物體。

So I am not transferring charges. But if I move it next to it it is attracted. Let's

所以我沒有轉移費用。但如果我把它移到旁邊，它就會被吸引。讓'的

get two balloons now and remove the wall. So let me add negative charges on this green

現在拿兩個氣球，把牆拆掉。所以讓我在這個綠色的氣球上加負電荷

balloon right here. And now let me add more negative charges on this yellow balloon and

氣球就在這裡現在讓我在這個黃色的氣球上加更多的負電荷，然後...

what is going to happen? Well as I move that balloon next to the other balloon these are

會發生什麼？當我把那個氣球移到另一個氣球旁邊時... ...這些都是...

like charges and so you can see that they are repelling each other. And it eventually

就像收費一樣，所以你可以看到它們是互相排斥的。最終

would like to go back to that sweater. Okay. So did you learn the following, to explain

想回到那件毛衣上。好吧，那你有沒有學到以下幾點，來解釋一下

a two-charge model of electric charge? Again if it is a neutral object we are going to

電荷的二電荷模型？同樣如果它是一箇中性物體，我們就會

have equal amounts of each of those two different charges. Did you learn that the distribution

在這兩種不同的費用中，每一種都有相等的金額。你知道嗎？

of those charges tells us if the object is going to be positively charged or negatively?

這些電荷的多少告訴我們物體是帶正電還是帶負電？

You can see this would be a negatively charged object here. And then finally did you learn

你可以看到這裡會是一個帶負電的物體。然後最後你有沒有學會

to explain how the polarization of the electric charge, or separation of that charge in a

解釋電荷的極化，或該電荷在某一領域的分離是如何進行的。

neutral object can lead to an attraction? So we have an attractive force here between

中性物體可以導致吸引力？所以，我們這裡有一個吸引力之間

charged balloon and what used to be a neutral wall. I hope so. And hope that was helpful.

帶電的氣球和曾經的中性牆。希望如此希望這對你有幫助。