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  • Contraception, with a variety of methods available many people are able to avoid

    避孕,隨著各種方法的出現,很多人都能避開

  • unintended pregnancies. But what happens when things don't go quite as planned?

    意外懷孕。 但當事情不按計劃進行時,會發生什麼呢?

  • Thanks to modern science a second chance is possible. So how does emergency

    多虧了現代科學,才有了第二次機會。 那麼,如何緊急

  • contraception or "plan-b" work? And what exactly is happening inside the female

    避孕還是"計劃-b"工作? 而女性體內到底發生了什麼

  • body? During the female menstrual cycle many hormones are released

    體?在女性的月經週期中,會釋放出許多荷爾蒙

  • beginning a chain reaction. The pituitary gland in the brain releases FSH

    開始了連鎖反應。 大腦中的腦垂體釋放FSH。

  • which stimulates the growth of follicles and a premature egg in the ovaries.

    它能刺激卵泡的生長和卵巢中的一個早熟卵子。

  • These follicles then release estrogen

    這些卵泡就會釋放雌激素

  • which helps prepare the uterus lining and triggers the brain to release leutinizing

    幫助子宮內膜做好準備,並觸發大腦釋放利尿素。

  • hormone or LH. LH then triggers ovulation in which the egg is

    激素或LH。 然後,LH觸發排卵,其中卵子是。

  • released into the fallopian tubes where it will spend around twelve to twenty-four

    釋放到輸卵管中,它將在那裡度過大約12至24個月。

  • hours waiting to be fertilized. If the egg isn't fertilized in this time it

    小時等待受精。 如果卵子在這段時間內沒有受精,它就會

  • begins to dissolve and is shed away with the uterine lining during menstruation.

    開始溶解,並在月經期間隨子宮內膜脫落。

  • Though this window of opportunity is brief it's increased by the fact that sperm

    雖然這個機會之窗是短暫的,但由於精子增加了

  • can live for up to five days.

    可以活到五天。

  • So the keen sperm from days ago show up early to the show anxiously awaiting

    於是,幾天前敏銳的精子們早早地出現在展會上焦急地等待著。

  • ovulation.

    排卵。

  • Birth control pills taken on a regular basis modify these hormone levels. By

    定期服用的避孕藥會改變這些激素水平。 通過

  • increasing progestin levels the body thinks it's already released an egg or

    增加孕激素水準的身體認為它'已經釋放了一個卵子或。

  • already pregnant.

    已經懷孕了。

  • It effectively decreases FSH and LH and the cycle halts. But in the case

    它有效地降低了FSH和LH,週期停止。 但在這種情況下

  • of emergency contraception which is only taken if regular contraception methods

    緊急避孕,只有在採用常規避孕方法的情況下才採取緊急避孕措施;

  • fail,

    失敗。

  • a few different mechanisms take place. The most important thing to understand

    幾種不同的機制發生。 最重要的是要了解

  • is that fertilization doesn't happen immediately or even within hours after

    是受精不立即發生或甚至在幾個小時內,後

  • intercourse. Instead the sperm must undergo a few biological changes in the

    性交。 而精子則必須經過一些生理變化,在。

  • fallopian tube first which takes time. This is why emergency contraception is

    先輸卵管,這需要時間。 這就是為什麼緊急避孕是

  • still possible the morning after.

    後天早上還有可能。

  • It can actually work up to five days after intercourse. If taken during the

    其實它的作用時間可以達到性交後五天。 如果在

  • first half of the menstrual cycle, emergency contraception works

    月經週期前半段,緊急避孕的作用

  • specifically to prevent ovulation.

    專門用來防止排卵。

  • This way the egg is not released even though it may be ready and the available

    這樣一來,即使雞蛋可能已經準備好了,可用的雞蛋也不會被釋放。

  • sperm cannot fertilize it.

    精子不能使其受精。

  • In cases where it's too late to inhibit ovulation

    在抑制排卵為時已晚的情況下'。

  • emergency contraception is thought to also thicken cervical mucus trapping sperm.

    緊急避孕被認為也會使宮頸粘液增厚困住精子。

  • As well, it may directly inhibit fertilization between sperm and egg.

    以及,可能直接抑制精子和卵子之間的受精。

  • Clinical studies show that emergency contraception prevents pregnancy

    臨床研究表明,緊急避孕可以預防懷孕

  • before fertilization. No studies have shown an effect from emergency

    受精前。 沒有研究表明,緊急

  • contraception if fertilization has already occurred. It does not stop

    如果已經發生了受精,則應採取避孕措施。 它不會停止

  • implantation from happening nor does it have any effect after implantation has

    植入後也不會有任何影響。

  • occurred.

    發生。

  • In this way, its unable to cause an abortion.

    這樣一來,其無法引起流產。

  • And while there are some minor side effects to these drugs, such as nausea and headaches,

    而這些藥物雖然有一些輕微的副作用,如噁心、頭痛等。

  • scientific studies have demonstrated its safety in women of all ages and found

    科學研究表明,它對所有年齡段的婦女都是安全的,並發現:

  • that the benefits far outweigh any risks. Got of burning question you want answered?

    效益遠遠超過任何風險。 你有什麼迫切的問題想知道嗎?

  • Ask it in the comments or on facebook and twitter, and subscribe for more weekly science videos.

    在評論中或在facebook和twitter上提問,並訂閱更多每週的科學視頻。

Contraception, with a variety of methods available many people are able to avoid

避孕,隨著各種方法的出現,很多人都能避開

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