Placeholder Image

字幕列表 影片播放

  • Mars is cold, red and dead. Yet once upon a time, it was like Earth, covered with flowing

    火星是冷的,紅色的,死的。但曾幾何時它就像地球一樣,被河流和湖泊

  • rivers and lakes. Even its day is 24 hours...and 37 minutes. But with everyone talking about

    覆蓋著。它一天也有24小時...37分鐘。不過當大家在討論

  • manned missions to mars, could we actually successfully colonize the red planet with

    登陸火星, 人類真的可以成功的開拓這個紅色星球嗎?

  • humans?

    先說好事: 那裡有很多水。據估計,

  • Let’s start with the good news: there’s plenty of water. It’s been estimated that

    在北極和南極有超過500萬立方公里的水結冰。

  • there are more than 5 million cubic kilometres of water frozen into ice caps at the northern

    溶化後將可以把整個星球覆蓋在

  • and southern poles. Melt all this down and there would be enough to cover the planet

    35米深的海洋裡。

  • in an ocean 35 metres deep.

    這些水也可以解決第二個問題: 找到能讓我們呼吸的東西。

  • And this water could help solve a second problem: finding something to breathe. Mars’s atmosphere

    火星的大氣層非常稀薄,幾乎都是二氧化碳,不是我們人類適應的氧氣。

  • is very thin and made almost entirely of carbon dioxide, not the oxygen us humans have adapted

    不過殖民者可以用電力來分把水(H2O)分裂為為氫氣和氧氣。

  • to breathe. But, colonists could use electricity to split the H20 in hydrogen and oxygen. Take

    在把氧氣泵入一個密閉建築物,現在你就有一個地方可以開派對了!

  • that oxygen and pump it into air-tight living structures, and now youve got somewhere

    當然食物又是一大障礙。把動物運到火星...嗯...很複雜。

  • to party!

    所以殖民者一開始必須吃素。因為植物需要陽光,

  • Of course, food would be another barrier. Shipping animals to Mars would be...eh, complicated,

    火星離太陽的距離是地球的1.5倍,表示它只收到

  • so colonists would need to start out as vegetarians. And since plants need sunlight, the fact that

    太陽一半的輻射。不過科學家有做一項實驗

  • Mars is about 1.5 times as far from the sun as Earth is, means they would only receive

    在戴文島(Devon Island)有一個火星模擬殖民地

  • about half the average solar irradiance. But scientists have actually experimented with

    位於加拿大北端和火星接收到同等的太陽輻射。

  • this; in fact, there is a Mars simulation colony in Devon Island, way up in Northern

    實驗證實,火星不僅有足夠的光線來維持植物生存,

  • Canada which receives an equivalent solar radiation as Mars. And it’s been confirmed

    而且像番茄,胡蘿蔔等農作物也可以生長在模擬火星土壤裡。

  • that there would not only be enough light to sustain plants on Mars, but that things

    當然,栽種太多的植物會產生許多額外的氧氣而因此

  • like tomatoes, carrots and other crops could grow in simulated Martian soil.

    造成火災。來抵消,氧氣需要與其他非反應性氣體像氮氣來稀釋,

  • Of course, growing enough food could actually create so much extra oxygen that it would

    其火星具有非常少有。但從地球帶去又會增加

  • become a fire hazard. To counteract this, oxygen would have to be diluted with non-reactive

    旅程成本。

  • gas like nitrogen, which Mars has very little of. But bringing it from home would only add

    說道從地球帶東西,某些時候機器或系統會故障

  • to the cost of the trip.

    且要零件更換是無法避免的。從地球到火星

  • Speaking of bringing things from home, it’s inevitable that at some point a machine or

    最短的距離是55萬公里,但有時這兩個行星在太陽的兩端。

  • system would break down and require a replacement part. The shortest distance from Earth to

    所以合理來說,宇宙飛船只能每26個月去一次火星。

  • mars is 55 million km, but at times the two planets are on opposite sides of the sun.

    考慮一下國際太空站,我們目前在太空生活最久的實驗,

  • So, for practical reasons, spacecraft can only be sent to Mars every 26 months. Considering

    每90天左右就需要重新補給,2年1月個的等待時間可能有點太長了。

  • the International Space Station, our longest standing experiment with living in space,

    加上發射設備進入太空的成本,大約每磅是一萬元美金,

  • needs to be re-supplied every 90 days or so, 2 years and 2 months wait time may be pushing

    運送零件變成一個重大的挑戰。

  • it. Add to that the cost of launching equipment into space, which is around $10,000 per pound,

    最後還有一些對人體健康的威脅。 火星比地球還要小,它的地心吸力

  • and delivering spare parts becomes a major challenge.

    僅是地球的三分之一,對跳高或以輕材料

  • Finally, there are threats to human health. Mars is smaller than Earth, and its gravity

    來建築是很棒,但對我們身體很不是很好。我們依靠地心引力的壓力

  • is onlywhat were used to, which is awesome for jumping high and creating structures

    來建立我們的骨骼和肌肉; 事實上,太空人必須在太空裡定期進行鍛煉,

  • of lighter materials, but not so great for our bodies. We depend on the constant pressure

    以保持身體良好的狀態。

  • of gravity to build up our bones and muscles; in fact, astronauts must undergo regular exercise

    不過更糟糕的是宇宙的輻射。太陽不停噴出十幾億的高能量粒子

  • in space to keep themselves in shape.

    破壞我們的DNA並導致癌症。幸好地球有強壯的磁場能把99.9%的粒子轉向

  • But even worse is the cosmic radiation. The sun spews out billions of high-energy particles

    能把99.9%的粒子轉向,但火星沒有磁場,表示

  • that can damage our DNA and cause cancer. Luckily, Earth has a powerful magnetic field

    旅行者在旅行期間內將完全沒有保護。 在最短的旅行時間內,

  • that deflects 99.9% of these particles, but Mars has no magnetic field, meaning travellers

    一個人得到癌症的機會將會提升3%。

  • would be completely unprotected on their journey. On the shortest possible trip, this would

    理論上來說, 沒有問題是不能克服的。說不定我們可以發明一個

  • raise an individual's risk of developing cancer by more than 3 percent.

    超級磁鐵來抵擋輻射,先進的推進係統可以減少

  • Theoretically, none of these problems are completely insurmountable. Perhaps supermagnets

    需要去火星的時間,我們也有可能發展下一代的3D印表機運用火星上原有的材料

  • could be created to ward off radiation, advanced propulsion systems could reduce the time it

    來生產不同的零件。 不過這都超越了

  • takes to get to Mars, and we might even develop next-generation 3D printers that could produce

    我們現有的科技程度。但說不定,

  • spare parts on site from Martian materials. But all of this will require significant advances

    能製造這些科技的人已經出生了。有可能就是你...你會變成

  • in technology beyond what we have now. That being said, it is possible that the people

    火星人嗎? 翻譯者: Tammy Yeh

  • who will create this technology have already been born. Maybe it’s you...will you become

    感謝Audible.com贊助和給你一個免費的有聲書

  • a martian?

    在audible.com/asap

  • Special thanks to Audible.com for supporting this episode and giving you a free audio book

    Audible有超過150,000本有聲書提供下載。我們建議

  • of your choice at audible.com/asap. Audible is the leading provider of audiobooks with

    "Packing for Mars" 一本以幽默的方式來解釋如何去太空旅行的書。

  • over 150,000 downloadable titles across all types of literature. We recommend the book

    你也可以在audible.com/asap免費下載自己歡的書。

  • Packing For Marswhich is a hilarious explanation of everything it takes to venture

    當你訂閱時就可以一個月免費下載一本書。

  • into space! You can download this audio book or another of your choice, for free, at audible.com/asap.

    感謝Audible對這個影片的贊助與幫忙。

  • And with a subscription you get one free book a month! Special thanks Audible for making

    如果想看更多有關科學的影片,請訂閱! Translated by: Tammy Yeh

  • these videos possible!

  • And subscribe for more weekly science videos!

Mars is cold, red and dead. Yet once upon a time, it was like Earth, covered with flowing

火星是冷的,紅色的,死的。但曾幾何時它就像地球一樣,被河流和湖泊

字幕與單字

單字即點即查 點擊單字可以查詢單字解釋